08-06
... and oceanic GCMs. These models integrate multiple equations, typically including surface pressure; horizontal layered components of fluid velocity and temperature; solar short wave radiation and terrestrial infra-red and long wave radiation; convection; land surface processes; albedo; hydrology; clo ...
... and oceanic GCMs. These models integrate multiple equations, typically including surface pressure; horizontal layered components of fluid velocity and temperature; solar short wave radiation and terrestrial infra-red and long wave radiation; convection; land surface processes; albedo; hydrology; clo ...
2014—2015 Annual Report
... We know the hard truth when it comes to climate change: we are all eyewitnesses now. Years back, during my Arctic expeditions, I experienced the early effects of a warming world in the forms of thin sea ice on the Arctic ocean and ice shelves disintegrating that took weeks or months to cross via ski ...
... We know the hard truth when it comes to climate change: we are all eyewitnesses now. Years back, during my Arctic expeditions, I experienced the early effects of a warming world in the forms of thin sea ice on the Arctic ocean and ice shelves disintegrating that took weeks or months to cross via ski ...
Climate Change Justice
... is unclear whether we will ever be in an adequate epistemic position to rely on such projections to guide policy. According the recent AR5 of the IPCC, ‘Economic impact estimates completed over the past 20 years vary in their coverage of subsets of economic sectors and depend on a large number of as ...
... is unclear whether we will ever be in an adequate epistemic position to rely on such projections to guide policy. According the recent AR5 of the IPCC, ‘Economic impact estimates completed over the past 20 years vary in their coverage of subsets of economic sectors and depend on a large number of as ...
Comment by: Patrick J. Michaels and Paul C. Knappenberger
... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “ ...
... The IWG2010 report noted that, concerning the low end of the ECS distribution, its determination reflected a greater degree of certainty that a low ECS value could be excluded than did the IPCC. From the IWG2010 (p. 14): “Finally, we note the IPCC judgment that the equilibrium climate sensitivity “ ...
Climate change management in drainage systems – changes
... The expected global climate change will result in changes in the Danish climate and changing sea levels for Danish waters. Generally it is expected that the temperature will rise, there will be more precipitation, evaporation will increase and sea level will rise. It is also expected that there will ...
... The expected global climate change will result in changes in the Danish climate and changing sea levels for Danish waters. Generally it is expected that the temperature will rise, there will be more precipitation, evaporation will increase and sea level will rise. It is also expected that there will ...
PDF
... into the simulation. (All monetary amounts are in 1995 US dollars. Our decision to focus on projections for 2195 is explained in the appendix.) The slightly decreased emissions that result from internalizing this carbon price cause a temperature decrease of only 0.2°C by 2195, compared to the busine ...
... into the simulation. (All monetary amounts are in 1995 US dollars. Our decision to focus on projections for 2195 is explained in the appendix.) The slightly decreased emissions that result from internalizing this carbon price cause a temperature decrease of only 0.2°C by 2195, compared to the busine ...
- Eionet Forum
... relevant stakeholders to define low emission development strategies adapted to climate change by prioritizing technologies maximise the benefits in terms of short, medium and long term economic, social and environmental improvements, Contribution to greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the context ...
... relevant stakeholders to define low emission development strategies adapted to climate change by prioritizing technologies maximise the benefits in terms of short, medium and long term economic, social and environmental improvements, Contribution to greenhouse gas emissions reduction in the context ...
Devil physics The baddest class on campus IB Physics Physics I
... This corresponds to the temperature increases shown in the previous slide This data is supported by analysis of ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland that show a correlation between greenhouse gas concentrations and atmospheric temperature ...
... This corresponds to the temperature increases shown in the previous slide This data is supported by analysis of ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland that show a correlation between greenhouse gas concentrations and atmospheric temperature ...
Projected Climate Change and the Appalachian Trail
... permanent drought for most of the A.T. Impacts on the A.T. No single climate projection can be taken as an accurate forecast of future climate. Climate models are not that precise, and even if they were, there is great uncertainty about the level of future CO2 emissions. However, both from basic cli ...
... permanent drought for most of the A.T. Impacts on the A.T. No single climate projection can be taken as an accurate forecast of future climate. Climate models are not that precise, and even if they were, there is great uncertainty about the level of future CO2 emissions. However, both from basic cli ...
Examples of decadal climate prediction
... Combination of predictions of first and second kind – start from observed climate state; include change in concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols Already practiced in seasonal climate prediction (El Niño forecasts) In decadal prediction, anthropogenic climate change and natural variability ...
... Combination of predictions of first and second kind – start from observed climate state; include change in concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols Already practiced in seasonal climate prediction (El Niño forecasts) In decadal prediction, anthropogenic climate change and natural variability ...
evidence of climate change
... years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. ...
... years ago marking the beginning of the modern climate era — and of human civilization. Most of these climate changes are attributed to very small variations in Earth’s orbit that change the amount of solar energy our planet receives. ...
Glossary of Synthesis Report
... A projection of the response of the climate system to emission or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols, or radiative forcing scenarios, often based upon simulations by climate models. Climate projections are distinguished from climate predictions in order to emphasise that climat ...
... A projection of the response of the climate system to emission or concentration scenarios of greenhouse gases and aerosols, or radiative forcing scenarios, often based upon simulations by climate models. Climate projections are distinguished from climate predictions in order to emphasise that climat ...
Sulfate aerosols in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
... been shown to cause warming in Northern Hemisphere summers while eruptions at high latitudes cause warming in Northern Hemisphere winters (Oman et al., 2006). The seasonal temperature changes are due to changes in atmospheric circulation. Sulphate aerosols have the potential to cause global changes ...
... been shown to cause warming in Northern Hemisphere summers while eruptions at high latitudes cause warming in Northern Hemisphere winters (Oman et al., 2006). The seasonal temperature changes are due to changes in atmospheric circulation. Sulphate aerosols have the potential to cause global changes ...
The Role of Water Vapour in Earth`s Energy Flows
... Earth’s climate, enhancing the response of surface temperature to a radiative forcing or internal variability, and the resultant positive water vapour feedback is relatively ‘‘forgiving’’ in the sense that substantial excursions away from these basic physical constraints are required to alter its na ...
... Earth’s climate, enhancing the response of surface temperature to a radiative forcing or internal variability, and the resultant positive water vapour feedback is relatively ‘‘forgiving’’ in the sense that substantial excursions away from these basic physical constraints are required to alter its na ...
Regional Climate Messages for East Africa
... The climate of East Africa also varies on much longer time scales. Decadal and longer term variability in the climate system results from natural processes both internal and external to the climate system. On decadal, multi-decadal and centennial time scales, major modes of variability are found in ...
... The climate of East Africa also varies on much longer time scales. Decadal and longer term variability in the climate system results from natural processes both internal and external to the climate system. On decadal, multi-decadal and centennial time scales, major modes of variability are found in ...
... employed in the study, thus cases where the downscaling uncertainty envelope is contained within other sources of uncertainties should not be treated with the same attention as those cases where downscaling is the main source of uncertainty. It is stressed by Quintana Segui et al. [4] that if all th ...
Microsoft Word
... CASE STUDY: Global Warming – the forest from the trees 3. Measuring the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Air temperatures over land are usually measured at a height of between 1.2 and 2.0 m above ground in a Stevenson Screen. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are the traditional instruments us ...
... CASE STUDY: Global Warming – the forest from the trees 3. Measuring the daily maximum and minimum air temperature. Air temperatures over land are usually measured at a height of between 1.2 and 2.0 m above ground in a Stevenson Screen. Liquid-in-glass thermometers are the traditional instruments us ...
House science testimony apr 15 final - Climate Etc.
... Environmental and Public Works Committee3 argued that the 2013 report from the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5 WG I)4 weakened the case for dangerous anthropogenic climate change relative to the IPCC AR4 published in 2007. A summary is presented here of recent data and research th ...
... Environmental and Public Works Committee3 argued that the 2013 report from the Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5 WG I)4 weakened the case for dangerous anthropogenic climate change relative to the IPCC AR4 published in 2007. A summary is presented here of recent data and research th ...
Earth System Processes
... climate changes we experience at any given location. Because they arise in a well understood way from the regular orbit of the Earth around the Sun, we expect them, and we look forward to them. We plan summer vacations and winter ski trips accordingly. Farmers plan their crops and harvests around th ...
... climate changes we experience at any given location. Because they arise in a well understood way from the regular orbit of the Earth around the Sun, we expect them, and we look forward to them. We plan summer vacations and winter ski trips accordingly. Farmers plan their crops and harvests around th ...
CCWG Report - Mennonite Church Canada
... transition to a new energy economy that values community building, social justice, and a less consumptive lifestyle. This strategy prioritizes investing in “the good that we want to see.” In addition, MC-CAN should do a number of non-financial actions that will support an investment shift and increa ...
... transition to a new energy economy that values community building, social justice, and a less consumptive lifestyle. This strategy prioritizes investing in “the good that we want to see.” In addition, MC-CAN should do a number of non-financial actions that will support an investment shift and increa ...
01_COPES_in_Poznan
... Systematic re-processing and coordinated reanalysis of all available observations acquired from various satellite sensors and other data sources since several decades • Would be complementary to model re-analyses in order to define “present climate” • Would serve as a benchmark to validate climate m ...
... Systematic re-processing and coordinated reanalysis of all available observations acquired from various satellite sensors and other data sources since several decades • Would be complementary to model re-analyses in order to define “present climate” • Would serve as a benchmark to validate climate m ...
The missing climate forcing
... Results for the troposphere and stratosphere are shown in figure 4 c and 4 d, where the observations are based on MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) channels 2 and 4, respectively (Spencer & Christy 1993). The tropospheric result is similar to that at the surface, but, at least in the model, the ozone ch ...
... Results for the troposphere and stratosphere are shown in figure 4 c and 4 d, where the observations are based on MSU (Microwave Sounding Unit) channels 2 and 4, respectively (Spencer & Christy 1993). The tropospheric result is similar to that at the surface, but, at least in the model, the ozone ch ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.