Community-Based Adaptation to a Changing Climate
... Adaptation in Action: The “Pennsylvania Climate Adaptation Planning Report: Risks and Practical Recommendations” includes tourism and outdoor recreation as one of its four areas of focus for statewide adaptation planning. A state-level working group assessed the risks and vulnerabilities of the sect ...
... Adaptation in Action: The “Pennsylvania Climate Adaptation Planning Report: Risks and Practical Recommendations” includes tourism and outdoor recreation as one of its four areas of focus for statewide adaptation planning. A state-level working group assessed the risks and vulnerabilities of the sect ...
3. IPCC`s evaluation of evidence and treatment of uncertainty
... human contribution to that trend, and the likelihood of future trends in the 21st century, based on the SRES scenarios. The confidence-scale terminology is also used. For example, ‘There is high confidence that the rate of observed sea-level rise increased from the 19th to the 20th century’ (IPCC, 2 ...
... human contribution to that trend, and the likelihood of future trends in the 21st century, based on the SRES scenarios. The confidence-scale terminology is also used. For example, ‘There is high confidence that the rate of observed sea-level rise increased from the 19th to the 20th century’ (IPCC, 2 ...
Characterising half a degree difference: A review of methods for
... gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols. The majority of the GHG scenarios applied in GCM simulations have rising GHGs which provide strong anthropogenic forcing: there are few scenarios which simulate substantial mitigation efforts.5,6 To investigate future change in regional climate, many studies ...
... gases (GHGs) and anthropogenic aerosols. The majority of the GHG scenarios applied in GCM simulations have rising GHGs which provide strong anthropogenic forcing: there are few scenarios which simulate substantial mitigation efforts.5,6 To investigate future change in regional climate, many studies ...
Observed coherent changes in climatic
... ABSTRACT: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century. This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating th ...
... ABSTRACT: A new global dataset of derived indicators has been compiled to clarify whether frequency and/or severity of climatic extremes changed during the second half of the 20th century. This period provides the best spatial coverage of homogenous daily series, which can be used for calculating th ...
BODY PARAGRAPHS
... importance to our nation (and the world) due to the implications of ignoring it, if, as Oreskes argues, human activities are a significant contributing factor. The text is an effective argument because Oreskes’s primary appeal is reasonable and logical, which may stand in contrast to the ubiquitous ...
... importance to our nation (and the world) due to the implications of ignoring it, if, as Oreskes argues, human activities are a significant contributing factor. The text is an effective argument because Oreskes’s primary appeal is reasonable and logical, which may stand in contrast to the ubiquitous ...
Climate Change - Have We Lost the Battle Institution of Mechanical
... target for the UK relative to 1990 levels by 2050 and the adopted budget profile through to 2020. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers supports the principle of contraction and convergence. However as a body representing the profession largely charged with delivery of the technology and infrastru ...
... target for the UK relative to 1990 levels by 2050 and the adopted budget profile through to 2020. The Institution of Mechanical Engineers supports the principle of contraction and convergence. However as a body representing the profession largely charged with delivery of the technology and infrastru ...
Possible impacts of a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation
... Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, the Middle East, Central America, South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Small Island States. Refer to Appendix 1 for a complete overview of the regions used in FUND. The model runs from 1950 to 2300 in time st ...
... Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, the Middle East, Central America, South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Small Island States. Refer to Appendix 1 for a complete overview of the regions used in FUND. The model runs from 1950 to 2300 in time st ...
Yes, He Can: President Obama’s Power to Make an International Climate Commitment
... Copenhagen conference. He also has offered an emissions reduction target for the United States. His target, however, falls far short of the reductions scientists believe are necessary to avoid catastrophic consequences. The President apparently believes that he cannot act on the international stage ...
... Copenhagen conference. He also has offered an emissions reduction target for the United States. His target, however, falls far short of the reductions scientists believe are necessary to avoid catastrophic consequences. The President apparently believes that he cannot act on the international stage ...
Have the Tropical Pacific Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions
... productivity along the equator in the Indian Ocean (T29 and M63 in Fig. 1) and the Pacific Ocean (M41, M38, W84 and R31 in Fig. 1). The study showed that variations in equatorial productivity have been caused primarily by both glacialinterglacial variability and precession-controlled changes in the ...
... productivity along the equator in the Indian Ocean (T29 and M63 in Fig. 1) and the Pacific Ocean (M41, M38, W84 and R31 in Fig. 1). The study showed that variations in equatorial productivity have been caused primarily by both glacialinterglacial variability and precession-controlled changes in the ...
History of climate modeling
... as a function of latitude. Halley theorized that solar heating caused air to rise near the equator.1 This ‘rareified’ air caused denser air from higher latitudes to ‘rush in’, creating the trade winds. Halley’s term ‘circulation’, as well as his notion that the atmosphere must ‘preserve the Æquilibr ...
... as a function of latitude. Halley theorized that solar heating caused air to rise near the equator.1 This ‘rareified’ air caused denser air from higher latitudes to ‘rush in’, creating the trade winds. Halley’s term ‘circulation’, as well as his notion that the atmosphere must ‘preserve the Æquilibr ...
Climate Literacy Principles
... The carbon cycle influences climate in a variety of ways, including seasonal interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the formation and consumption of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere in the ocean and other parts of ...
... The carbon cycle influences climate in a variety of ways, including seasonal interactions between the atmosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the formation and consumption of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide, an important greenhouse gas, is removed from the atmosphere in the ocean and other parts of ...
Letter from Peter Lilley to Bob Ward, 2 January 2013
... However, even the Review authors presumably thought it somewhat unlikely that people from poor countries will engage in mass migration when their incomes – even net of climate change impacts – are on your worst case scenario projected to be a multiple of their current level. If migration or conflict ...
... However, even the Review authors presumably thought it somewhat unlikely that people from poor countries will engage in mass migration when their incomes – even net of climate change impacts – are on your worst case scenario projected to be a multiple of their current level. If migration or conflict ...
About the Guide - American Chemical Society
... 1. According to the article how much has the Earth’s average surface temperature increased in the last century? Most climate change experts agree that the increase in the Earth’s temperature in the last century is 0.8 oC (1.44 oF) 2. The article mentions an 8 inch rise in sea level since 1870. What ...
... 1. According to the article how much has the Earth’s average surface temperature increased in the last century? Most climate change experts agree that the increase in the Earth’s temperature in the last century is 0.8 oC (1.44 oF) 2. The article mentions an 8 inch rise in sea level since 1870. What ...
Reducing the Impact of Global Warming on Wildlife
... change investigation began in the 1950s, the most recent work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations advisory body composed of scientists and climate change experts from around the world, provided the scientific framework to systematically review and evaluate the ...
... change investigation began in the 1950s, the most recent work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations advisory body composed of scientists and climate change experts from around the world, provided the scientific framework to systematically review and evaluate the ...
Presentation
... Disaster Risk Reduction, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (p. 3) ...
... Disaster Risk Reduction, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (p. 3) ...
Infiltrating the Frozen Fortress: the importance of the cryosphere to
... of species, many with specialized niches (Williams, Jackson, and Kutzbach 2007). Often mountain environments have acted as species islands that retain unique genetic qualities isolated from other species members (Lomolino and Davis 1997; Veblen 2000). This is particularly true in the tropics and sub ...
... of species, many with specialized niches (Williams, Jackson, and Kutzbach 2007). Often mountain environments have acted as species islands that retain unique genetic qualities isolated from other species members (Lomolino and Davis 1997; Veblen 2000). This is particularly true in the tropics and sub ...
Support for businesses
... to see more droughts, increased flooding of local rivers, extreme weather and higher temperatures. So what can we do about it? The more we do to prevent climate change, the less we will feel the consequences of change. This is why every step towards reducing emissions is important. The UK Government ...
... to see more droughts, increased flooding of local rivers, extreme weather and higher temperatures. So what can we do about it? The more we do to prevent climate change, the less we will feel the consequences of change. This is why every step towards reducing emissions is important. The UK Government ...
AgriculturAl reseArch in 21st century: chAllenges fAcing the food
... B. Assenov, S. Tsonev, D. Vulcheva, D. Vulchev, L. Atanasova, S. Savova and A. Atanassov ...
... B. Assenov, S. Tsonev, D. Vulcheva, D. Vulchev, L. Atanasova, S. Savova and A. Atanassov ...
Presentation
... Why Use Climate Change Scenarios? • We are unsure exactly how regional climate will change • Scenarios are plausible combinations of variables, consistent with what we know about human-induced climate change • Think of them as the prediction of a model, contingent upon the greenhouse gas (GHG) emis ...
... Why Use Climate Change Scenarios? • We are unsure exactly how regional climate will change • Scenarios are plausible combinations of variables, consistent with what we know about human-induced climate change • Think of them as the prediction of a model, contingent upon the greenhouse gas (GHG) emis ...
using big data, scenarios development, and game theory to monitor
... The second Shell scenario called Oceans describes a prosperous but more volatile world. Energy demand increases due to economic growth, but power is more widely distributed. Governments take longer to make important energy decisions to address climate change. Market forces shape the energy system m ...
... The second Shell scenario called Oceans describes a prosperous but more volatile world. Energy demand increases due to economic growth, but power is more widely distributed. Governments take longer to make important energy decisions to address climate change. Market forces shape the energy system m ...
Global Change: Climate Alteration and Global
... for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which we discussed in Science Applied “Were we successful in halting the growth of the ozone hole?” ...
... for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which we discussed in Science Applied “Were we successful in halting the growth of the ozone hole?” ...
A climate model-based review of drought in the Sahel: Deserti cation, the re-greening and climate change.
... year-to-year persistence of drought4 was initially attributed to human mismanagement of land resources (Charney, 1975). It was postulated that economic activities such as the expansion of agriculture into marginal zones, overgrazing, and woodcutting for fuel had affected the vegetation cover, making ...
... year-to-year persistence of drought4 was initially attributed to human mismanagement of land resources (Charney, 1975). It was postulated that economic activities such as the expansion of agriculture into marginal zones, overgrazing, and woodcutting for fuel had affected the vegetation cover, making ...
PDF File - Patrick Gonzalez
... urbanization, and water withdrawals. Although ecosystems are not static, climate change and these other stresses are pushing some ecosystems out of historic ranges of variability. Determination of impacts of climate change on ecosystems involves two distinct research procedures: detection and attrib ...
... urbanization, and water withdrawals. Although ecosystems are not static, climate change and these other stresses are pushing some ecosystems out of historic ranges of variability. Determination of impacts of climate change on ecosystems involves two distinct research procedures: detection and attrib ...
Re-Investigating Climate Change
... There is no doubt that human activity is damaging the environment. For example, industrial pollution and “industrialized” fishing and agricultural practices have, it is clear, destroyed habitat and caused the extinction of a number of species of flora and fauna – in various ways, and for various rea ...
... There is no doubt that human activity is damaging the environment. For example, industrial pollution and “industrialized” fishing and agricultural practices have, it is clear, destroyed habitat and caused the extinction of a number of species of flora and fauna – in various ways, and for various rea ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.