magnitude and frequency
... Observed records show variability in flooding from one decade to the next but convincing long-term trends are harder to discern. Most studies are based on relatively short periods of data (often beginning in the 1960s) and predisposed to an upward trend by the extreme flooding outliers in year 2000 ...
... Observed records show variability in flooding from one decade to the next but convincing long-term trends are harder to discern. Most studies are based on relatively short periods of data (often beginning in the 1960s) and predisposed to an upward trend by the extreme flooding outliers in year 2000 ...
Impacts of climate change on a grassland catchment
... Dynamic modelling was used to quantify the impact of projected climate change, and potential changes in population and land-use, on phosphorus (P) export from a subcatchment in SW Ireland using the Generalised Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model. Overall the results indicated that the increase ...
... Dynamic modelling was used to quantify the impact of projected climate change, and potential changes in population and land-use, on phosphorus (P) export from a subcatchment in SW Ireland using the Generalised Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model. Overall the results indicated that the increase ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
Poverty and climate change: Natural disasters, agricultural
... to this challenge. Climate-related shocks and stresses – from natural disasters, to agricultural impacts and health shocks – already prevent households from escaping poverty. Poor people are disproportionally vulnerable to these shocks, because they are more exposed and lose more when affected. Clim ...
... to this challenge. Climate-related shocks and stresses – from natural disasters, to agricultural impacts and health shocks – already prevent households from escaping poverty. Poor people are disproportionally vulnerable to these shocks, because they are more exposed and lose more when affected. Clim ...
Explaining Media and Congressional Attention to Global Climate
... climate change. Our findings confirm that these attention-grabbing factors indeed generally promote issue salience, but these factors may work differently across agenda venues. Attention inertia, inter-agenda interaction, and partisan advantage on agenda setting are also included and analyzed in the ...
... climate change. Our findings confirm that these attention-grabbing factors indeed generally promote issue salience, but these factors may work differently across agenda venues. Attention inertia, inter-agenda interaction, and partisan advantage on agenda setting are also included and analyzed in the ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
... scattered observational data, he argued that there were parts of the spectrum where the CO2 bands did not overlap others. Some scientists found this convincing, or at least kept an open mind on the question. But it remained the standard view that, as an official U.S. Weather Bureau publication put i ...
Comparison of Monthly Temperature Extremes Simulated by CMIP3
... A growing number of extreme climate events on various spatial–temporal scales have been observed in the past, and these events have significantly affected human society and the natural environment (Field et al. 2012). The reason for the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate even ...
... A growing number of extreme climate events on various spatial–temporal scales have been observed in the past, and these events have significantly affected human society and the natural environment (Field et al. 2012). The reason for the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme climate even ...
Climate change: the ultimate `tragedy of the commons`? Jouni
... The dominant view among scholars and policy makers has been that climate change governance should be based on international agreements which involve most nations. Yet progress in international negotiations has been slow and the effectiveness of governance based on the United Nations Framework Conven ...
... The dominant view among scholars and policy makers has been that climate change governance should be based on international agreements which involve most nations. Yet progress in international negotiations has been slow and the effectiveness of governance based on the United Nations Framework Conven ...
LOCAL PRODUCT IMPLEMENTATION UPDATE Repackaging CPC …
... NWS local staff is able to provides different educational materials on local customers: – Fact sheets on Climate Change – Comprehensive summary on science of Global Climate Change – IPCC report facts NWS is committed to provide the best quality climate observation that can be used in local climate c ...
... NWS local staff is able to provides different educational materials on local customers: – Fact sheets on Climate Change – Comprehensive summary on science of Global Climate Change – IPCC report facts NWS is committed to provide the best quality climate observation that can be used in local climate c ...
Discounting and climate change - a non-marginal policy choice
... For projects large enough to have non-marginal effects on future per capita consumption, figure 2 attempts to present the issues intuitively, introducing concepts from climate-change policy. It plots three paths for the future growth of global utility per capita. Path u(cbt) represents global utilit ...
... For projects large enough to have non-marginal effects on future per capita consumption, figure 2 attempts to present the issues intuitively, introducing concepts from climate-change policy. It plots three paths for the future growth of global utility per capita. Path u(cbt) represents global utilit ...
Changing weather and climate in Northern Ghana
... compared with trends discerned from available observational and modeled climate datasets over the same geographic area. The combined components of this comparison—the quantitative social science methodology and the multivariate climate data analysis—appear to be unique in the small body of prior lit ...
... compared with trends discerned from available observational and modeled climate datasets over the same geographic area. The combined components of this comparison—the quantitative social science methodology and the multivariate climate data analysis—appear to be unique in the small body of prior lit ...
Regional Summaries - Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
... Sub-Saharan Africa is a rapidly developing region of over 800 million people, with 49 countries,1 and great ecological, climatic, and cultural diversity. By 2050, its population is projected to approach 1.5–1.9 billion people. With a 4°C global warming by the end of the century, sea level is proj ...
... Sub-Saharan Africa is a rapidly developing region of over 800 million people, with 49 countries,1 and great ecological, climatic, and cultural diversity. By 2050, its population is projected to approach 1.5–1.9 billion people. With a 4°C global warming by the end of the century, sea level is proj ...
Weitzman2009-Modeling-Economics-ClimateChange.pdf
... less than 1.5°C. Values substantially higher than 4.5°C cannot be excluded, but agreement of models with observations is not as good for those values.” Climate sensitivity is not the same as temperature change, but for the benchmarkserving purposes of my simplistic example I assume the shapes of bot ...
... less than 1.5°C. Values substantially higher than 4.5°C cannot be excluded, but agreement of models with observations is not as good for those values.” Climate sensitivity is not the same as temperature change, but for the benchmarkserving purposes of my simplistic example I assume the shapes of bot ...
China, the United States and the European Union: Multiple
... spring. In June 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the Clean Power Plan to reduce power plant emissions. 16 Discussions took place on the margins of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Beijing in July 2014, involving Stern, Podesta, Xie and Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli. China i ...
... spring. In June 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced the Clean Power Plan to reduce power plant emissions. 16 Discussions took place on the margins of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Beijing in July 2014, involving Stern, Podesta, Xie and Vice Premier Zhang Gaoli. China i ...
Overcoming Behavioral and Institutional Inertia
... nature and scale of the problems can result in paralysis.13 Similarly, playing up the multistakeholder nature of mitigation and adaptation is a reminder that the solution rests with no single actor, resulting in a general feeling of helplessness and disempowerment.14 This might explain why, in devel ...
... nature and scale of the problems can result in paralysis.13 Similarly, playing up the multistakeholder nature of mitigation and adaptation is a reminder that the solution rests with no single actor, resulting in a general feeling of helplessness and disempowerment.14 This might explain why, in devel ...
Download paper (PDF)
... to resolve the present uncertainties? To what extent can and will research accelerate the pace of learning? Given the possibility of future learning, issues of irreversibility and quasi-option value may become salient. This discussion suggests clearly that any economic analysis of climate change sho ...
... to resolve the present uncertainties? To what extent can and will research accelerate the pace of learning? Given the possibility of future learning, issues of irreversibility and quasi-option value may become salient. This discussion suggests clearly that any economic analysis of climate change sho ...
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate
... during the 21st century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts temperature rises of 1.8-4.0°C (3.2-7.2°F) by 2100.9 Some natural occurrences, such as volcanic eruptions, lightning, and natural fires, contribute to GHG emissions;10,11 however, the overwhelming consensus among ...
... during the 21st century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts temperature rises of 1.8-4.0°C (3.2-7.2°F) by 2100.9 Some natural occurrences, such as volcanic eruptions, lightning, and natural fires, contribute to GHG emissions;10,11 however, the overwhelming consensus among ...
changing patterns of rain or power? how an idea of
... and methodological tools that show the power-laden processes of translating adaptation. It will do so by arguing for an ethnography of connectivity (see below), combined with a detailed ethnographic account of the ‘local’ context where the global idea ultimately is supposed to be implemented. Centra ...
... and methodological tools that show the power-laden processes of translating adaptation. It will do so by arguing for an ethnography of connectivity (see below), combined with a detailed ethnographic account of the ‘local’ context where the global idea ultimately is supposed to be implemented. Centra ...
Volcanic Impacts on Short- and Long-Term Climate
... minimal impact on global climate. (Robock, 1981a; Robock, 2000) Stratospheric Heating: After injection of volcanic aerosols, the lower stratospheric layer absorbs both near-IR from the sun and terrestrial upward IR flux, as shown in Figure 1. Thereby the stratosphere is heated. Robock (2000) names P ...
... minimal impact on global climate. (Robock, 1981a; Robock, 2000) Stratospheric Heating: After injection of volcanic aerosols, the lower stratospheric layer absorbs both near-IR from the sun and terrestrial upward IR flux, as shown in Figure 1. Thereby the stratosphere is heated. Robock (2000) names P ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.