Climate and Happiness
... Therefore, “raising the income of all, does not increase the well-being of all”, because in comparison to others, income has not changed (Easterlin, 1995). On the other hand, subjective well-being is determined by the gap between aspiration and achievement. However over time aspiration adjusts in pr ...
... Therefore, “raising the income of all, does not increase the well-being of all”, because in comparison to others, income has not changed (Easterlin, 1995). On the other hand, subjective well-being is determined by the gap between aspiration and achievement. However over time aspiration adjusts in pr ...
Temperature Variability over Africa - Weather Center
... with concrete, likely accounts for some warming. Hulme et al. (2001) note that, much like other climate change studies/projections have shown, the Sahara (interior) and central-southern Africa will experience the greatest warming, while equatorial and coastal regions of Africa will experience the le ...
... with concrete, likely accounts for some warming. Hulme et al. (2001) note that, much like other climate change studies/projections have shown, the Sahara (interior) and central-southern Africa will experience the greatest warming, while equatorial and coastal regions of Africa will experience the le ...
Climate change vulnerability assessment for aquatic ecosystems in
... vulnerability of several aquatic ecosystem indicators to inform the development of climate change adaptation options for those ecosystems in Ontario’s Clay Belt. Using the Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model 3 (CGCM3) with two climate change scenarios (B1 and A2), we projected that, by 2071, 13% a ...
... vulnerability of several aquatic ecosystem indicators to inform the development of climate change adaptation options for those ecosystems in Ontario’s Clay Belt. Using the Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model 3 (CGCM3) with two climate change scenarios (B1 and A2), we projected that, by 2071, 13% a ...
Chapter 14: Climate Phenomena and their Relevance for Future
... There is medium confidence that the Indian summer monsoon circulation will weaken, but yet has increased precipitation due increased moisture convergence. For the summer EAS, both the monsoon circulation and precipitation are projected to increase. There is medium confidence that the increase of the ...
... There is medium confidence that the Indian summer monsoon circulation will weaken, but yet has increased precipitation due increased moisture convergence. For the summer EAS, both the monsoon circulation and precipitation are projected to increase. There is medium confidence that the increase of the ...
Scenario and modelling uncertainty in global mean temperature
... grossly unrealistic in its control state, we rejected ensemble members based on the following three criteria. First, we required models with control states that had top of atmosphere radiative imbalance no greater than found in the previous atmospheric physics ensemble (Collins et al., 2011) and all ...
... grossly unrealistic in its control state, we rejected ensemble members based on the following three criteria. First, we required models with control states that had top of atmosphere radiative imbalance no greater than found in the previous atmospheric physics ensemble (Collins et al., 2011) and all ...
Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential
... maritime conditions from Arctic coastline proximity, and rich organic soils that may preclude tree establishment29 . Moreover, past rapid treeline advances were related to existing sparse tree populations (refugia) from where trees expanded during periods of favourable conditions30 . In NWET, away f ...
... maritime conditions from Arctic coastline proximity, and rich organic soils that may preclude tree establishment29 . Moreover, past rapid treeline advances were related to existing sparse tree populations (refugia) from where trees expanded during periods of favourable conditions30 . In NWET, away f ...
pdf - Framsenteret AS
... (http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Regjeringen-gir-rodt-kort-til-pobelgrana-7366015.html ). It is likely that the decision is partly based on our report. This is a good example on how climate change data have direct implications for political decisions. In this case, Bjerke actively used Twitt ...
... (http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Regjeringen-gir-rodt-kort-til-pobelgrana-7366015.html ). It is likely that the decision is partly based on our report. This is a good example on how climate change data have direct implications for political decisions. In this case, Bjerke actively used Twitt ...
Target Atmospheric CO2: Where Should Humanity Aim?
... Response is slowed by ocean thermal inertia and the time needed for ice sheets to disintegrate. Ocean-caused delay is estimated in Fig. (S7) using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Onethird of the response occurs in the first few years, in part because of rapid response over land, one-half in ~25 ye ...
... Response is slowed by ocean thermal inertia and the time needed for ice sheets to disintegrate. Ocean-caused delay is estimated in Fig. (S7) using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model. Onethird of the response occurs in the first few years, in part because of rapid response over land, one-half in ~25 ye ...
Have disaster losses increased due to anthropogenic climate change?
... so soon after acceptance, it has not yet been copyedited, formatted, or processed by AMS Publications. This preliminary version of the manuscript may be downloaded, distributed, and cited, but please be aware that there will be visual differences and possibly some content differences between this ve ...
... so soon after acceptance, it has not yet been copyedited, formatted, or processed by AMS Publications. This preliminary version of the manuscript may be downloaded, distributed, and cited, but please be aware that there will be visual differences and possibly some content differences between this ve ...
Palutikof
... literature’ • Submissions of literature and/or text can be made to the appropriate CLA, the Co-Chairs or the TSU, for consideration IPCC Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ...
... literature’ • Submissions of literature and/or text can be made to the appropriate CLA, the Co-Chairs or the TSU, for consideration IPCC Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... Although there is still a terrestrial bias, studies in marine and freshwater environments are increasing in proportional representation. The largest gaps are geographic rather than taxonomic. In absolute numbers, most biological impact studies are from North America, northern Europe and Russia. Few ...
... Although there is still a terrestrial bias, studies in marine and freshwater environments are increasing in proportional representation. The largest gaps are geographic rather than taxonomic. In absolute numbers, most biological impact studies are from North America, northern Europe and Russia. Few ...
Quest - Academy of Science of South Africa
... conditions. Most climate scientists predict that extreme weather events will become more common as our climate changes – something that we are already starting to see. There is no longer any doubt that human activities are behind our current global climate change. The greenhouse gas emissions that w ...
... conditions. Most climate scientists predict that extreme weather events will become more common as our climate changes – something that we are already starting to see. There is no longer any doubt that human activities are behind our current global climate change. The greenhouse gas emissions that w ...
Climate change and Australia: Trends, projections and impacts
... effect is no longer a hypothesis. The global average surface temperature of the Earth has increased by 0.6 ± 0.2C since 1900 and it is likely that the rate and Accepted for publication February 2003. ...
... effect is no longer a hypothesis. The global average surface temperature of the Earth has increased by 0.6 ± 0.2C since 1900 and it is likely that the rate and Accepted for publication February 2003. ...
Paris Agreement in practice: what next for Africa and developing
... Africans and on the economic development of the continent more generally. In recent years, there has been renewed optimism on the prospect of harnessing Africa’s natural resources to realise social, economic and political transformation and deliver sustainable development and prosperity to citizens. ...
... Africans and on the economic development of the continent more generally. In recent years, there has been renewed optimism on the prospect of harnessing Africa’s natural resources to realise social, economic and political transformation and deliver sustainable development and prosperity to citizens. ...
The Critical Role of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans
... drives the Conveyor). Changes in this strategic region can lead to widespread abrupt climate changes.8 • Deep-sea sediments have revealed that the Ocean Conveyor has rapidly slowed down or stopped several times in the past. • These disruptions in ocean circulation are linked to dramatic cooling in t ...
... drives the Conveyor). Changes in this strategic region can lead to widespread abrupt climate changes.8 • Deep-sea sediments have revealed that the Ocean Conveyor has rapidly slowed down or stopped several times in the past. • These disruptions in ocean circulation are linked to dramatic cooling in t ...
exemplar - ESPACE Project
... climate change and explored new ideas on what more can be done in England and across Europe. 2. PUBLICATIONS: the references below relate to publications only in the last 6 months of the project. For more detailed listings of all publications citing ESPACE over the last 5 years please refer to the ...
... climate change and explored new ideas on what more can be done in England and across Europe. 2. PUBLICATIONS: the references below relate to publications only in the last 6 months of the project. For more detailed listings of all publications citing ESPACE over the last 5 years please refer to the ...
14 Climate change: science and the precautionary principle
... Change (IPCC) of a much greater volume of climate change science it seemed appropriate to include climate change in this volume, despite some continuing controversy. The evidence that human activities are having a dangerous impact on the climate has strengthened since 1995. By 2007, the IPCC was abl ...
... Change (IPCC) of a much greater volume of climate change science it seemed appropriate to include climate change in this volume, despite some continuing controversy. The evidence that human activities are having a dangerous impact on the climate has strengthened since 1995. By 2007, the IPCC was abl ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
... The following are the likely consequences of warming by a few degrees Celsius — that is, what we may expect if humanity manages to begin restraining its emissions soon, so that greenhouse gases do not rise beyond twice the pre-industrial level. Without strong action the doubling will come well befor ...
... The following are the likely consequences of warming by a few degrees Celsius — that is, what we may expect if humanity manages to begin restraining its emissions soon, so that greenhouse gases do not rise beyond twice the pre-industrial level. Without strong action the doubling will come well befor ...
PDF
... principle, this follows directly from the nature of adaptation as specific actions in response to specific changes and risks at a local level. Adaptation options whose costs exceed their anticipated benefits will, on the whole, not be implemented, but options with positive ratios will. Hence benefit ...
... principle, this follows directly from the nature of adaptation as specific actions in response to specific changes and risks at a local level. Adaptation options whose costs exceed their anticipated benefits will, on the whole, not be implemented, but options with positive ratios will. Hence benefit ...
Link
... posed by climate change, develop adaptation approaches to the predicted changes, incorporate changes into mid-range and long-term development plans, and secure funding for the proposed and necessary adaptations (UNFCCC 2009, 2010). The alternative to this proactive planning is the potential for clim ...
... posed by climate change, develop adaptation approaches to the predicted changes, incorporate changes into mid-range and long-term development plans, and secure funding for the proposed and necessary adaptations (UNFCCC 2009, 2010). The alternative to this proactive planning is the potential for clim ...
PDF
... Copyright 2011 by Phouphet KYOPHILAVONG and Shinya TAKAMATSU. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
... Copyright 2011 by Phouphet KYOPHILAVONG and Shinya TAKAMATSU. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.