Attribution of the record high Central England temperature of
... state-of-the-art climate models and empirical techniques, our analysis shows a substantial and significant increase in the likelihood of record-breaking warm years, such as 2014, due to human influences on climate. With 90% confidence we find that anthropogenic forcings on the climate have increased the ...
... state-of-the-art climate models and empirical techniques, our analysis shows a substantial and significant increase in the likelihood of record-breaking warm years, such as 2014, due to human influences on climate. With 90% confidence we find that anthropogenic forcings on the climate have increased the ...
Summer 2015
... Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC02-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. ...
... Cooperative Agreement # DE-FC02-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. ...
1. introduction
... a tsunami study done that gives insight on what levels of the coast are most vulnerable. Due to various human activities (mainly burning of fossil fuel), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and water vapor) are accumulated in the earth’ ...
... a tsunami study done that gives insight on what levels of the coast are most vulnerable. Due to various human activities (mainly burning of fossil fuel), carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons and water vapor) are accumulated in the earth’ ...
Climate and Sea Level Change
... varies among models, but is mostly within the range 0.3 to 0.4. The model median spatial standard deviation of thermal expansion is 0.08 m, which is about 25% of the central estimate of global average sea level rise during the 21st century under A1B (Table 10.7). The geographical patterns of sea lev ...
... varies among models, but is mostly within the range 0.3 to 0.4. The model median spatial standard deviation of thermal expansion is 0.08 m, which is about 25% of the central estimate of global average sea level rise during the 21st century under A1B (Table 10.7). The geographical patterns of sea lev ...
PDF
... depleted. Damage reservoirs are latitude dependent and ice lines and permafrost can be regarded as such reservoirs. As the ice lines move closer to the poles, due to climate change, we might expect that marginal damages from this moving will be large at …rst and then diminish as the ice line approac ...
... depleted. Damage reservoirs are latitude dependent and ice lines and permafrost can be regarded as such reservoirs. As the ice lines move closer to the poles, due to climate change, we might expect that marginal damages from this moving will be large at …rst and then diminish as the ice line approac ...
The geography of climate change: implications
... Methods Using current climate surfaces (PRISM) and two scenarios of future climate (A1b, 2070–2099, warmer-drier and warmer-wetter), we mapped disappearing, declining, expanding and novel climates, and the velocity and direction of climate change in California and Nevada. We also examined finescale ...
... Methods Using current climate surfaces (PRISM) and two scenarios of future climate (A1b, 2070–2099, warmer-drier and warmer-wetter), we mapped disappearing, declining, expanding and novel climates, and the velocity and direction of climate change in California and Nevada. We also examined finescale ...
Interacting Regional-Scale Regime Shifts for Biodiversity and
... important characteristic of tipping points is that they are very difficult to reverse, because feedback loops trap systems in alternative states or because it is difficult to alter the driving forces over policy-relevant timescales. Tipping point mechanisms that are particularly pertinent for this a ...
... important characteristic of tipping points is that they are very difficult to reverse, because feedback loops trap systems in alternative states or because it is difficult to alter the driving forces over policy-relevant timescales. Tipping point mechanisms that are particularly pertinent for this a ...
General Climate Impacts
... There is no significant change to projected total annual rainfall over Tasmania under the two emissions scenarios. Total annual rainfall over the state is expected to remain within the historical range of 1390 ± 200 mm. However, there are significant changes in the regional pattern of rainfall acros ...
... There is no significant change to projected total annual rainfall over Tasmania under the two emissions scenarios. Total annual rainfall over the state is expected to remain within the historical range of 1390 ± 200 mm. However, there are significant changes in the regional pattern of rainfall acros ...
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... becomes wetter, it will switch more to forests, either with crops or with both crops and livestock, especially in the mid and high elevation humid zones. Forestry will play a significant role in adaptation when a substantial increase in precipitation makes animal husbandry an unattractive alternative ...
... becomes wetter, it will switch more to forests, either with crops or with both crops and livestock, especially in the mid and high elevation humid zones. Forestry will play a significant role in adaptation when a substantial increase in precipitation makes animal husbandry an unattractive alternative ...
All Climate Change is Local: Understanding and Predicting the
... decisions. Because physiological tolerance to environmental factors varies between species, there will likely be “winners” and “losers” in the face of climate change. We explore how a failure to consider the details of an organism’s physiology and ecology can hamper efforts to respond proactively to ...
... decisions. Because physiological tolerance to environmental factors varies between species, there will likely be “winners” and “losers” in the face of climate change. We explore how a failure to consider the details of an organism’s physiology and ecology can hamper efforts to respond proactively to ...
Climate Change`s Impact on the Caribbean`s Ability to Sustain
... hurricane damages, loss of tourism revenue, and infrastructure damages could total US$22 billion a year by 2050 and US$46 billion by 2100.32 While there remains debate about the exact amount of losses in regional GDP due to climate change, several studies have found that the impact will be highly si ...
... hurricane damages, loss of tourism revenue, and infrastructure damages could total US$22 billion a year by 2050 and US$46 billion by 2100.32 While there remains debate about the exact amount of losses in regional GDP due to climate change, several studies have found that the impact will be highly si ...
CCCI_Mongolia_Executive_Summary_20110411
... years. Settlement growth is much faster than urban development. For instance, in the recent 5 years settlement area expanded with 122 sq km, while infrastructure areas with 27 ha only. By end of 2009, 61% of residents have settled in Ger districts that has very limited social and infrastructure serv ...
... years. Settlement growth is much faster than urban development. For instance, in the recent 5 years settlement area expanded with 122 sq km, while infrastructure areas with 27 ha only. By end of 2009, 61% of residents have settled in Ger districts that has very limited social and infrastructure serv ...
Winter 2013
... frameworks and dynamical models - so that the various approaches buttress each other, and build a more solid understanding. “I have usually taken a collaborative approach, realizing that the expertise needed to unravel the mysteries of our complex climate system rarely resides in a single individual ...
... frameworks and dynamical models - so that the various approaches buttress each other, and build a more solid understanding. “I have usually taken a collaborative approach, realizing that the expertise needed to unravel the mysteries of our complex climate system rarely resides in a single individual ...
Of Montreal and Kyoto: A Tale of Two Protocols
... III. Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Concern about GHGs has arisen in the same general period as concern about ozone-depleting chemicals. But there is an initial puzzle: in the two contexts, many of the major actors have reversed their positions. The best example is the United States, both the ...
... III. Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol Concern about GHGs has arisen in the same general period as concern about ozone-depleting chemicals. But there is an initial puzzle: in the two contexts, many of the major actors have reversed their positions. The best example is the United States, both the ...
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... Asia, and investigates the potential for trade policy options to mitigate the latter. A modified version of the MIRAGE CGE model was used, where yield estimates were first obtained via the IMPACT model for 13 SRES scenarios. The latter are introduced as exogenous shocks in the modified MIRAGE CGE mo ...
... Asia, and investigates the potential for trade policy options to mitigate the latter. A modified version of the MIRAGE CGE model was used, where yield estimates were first obtained via the IMPACT model for 13 SRES scenarios. The latter are introduced as exogenous shocks in the modified MIRAGE CGE mo ...
LEARN ABOUT… Climate change and ozone depletion
... Total column ozone annual mean anomalies for different data sets. Anomalies are with respect to the 1998 to 2008 mean of each individual data set. Coloured lines give observed results for the data sets. Grey line and grey range give multi-model mean and ±2 standard deviation range of annual mean ano ...
... Total column ozone annual mean anomalies for different data sets. Anomalies are with respect to the 1998 to 2008 mean of each individual data set. Coloured lines give observed results for the data sets. Grey line and grey range give multi-model mean and ±2 standard deviation range of annual mean ano ...
1 - QUBES hub
... Climate change as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is clear in both climatological and biological data. Global temperatures have increased by 0.74°C ± 0.18°C over the past 100 years (1906-2005), although some regions experience locally greater warming (IPCC 2007). Along with ...
... Climate change as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is clear in both climatological and biological data. Global temperatures have increased by 0.74°C ± 0.18°C over the past 100 years (1906-2005), although some regions experience locally greater warming (IPCC 2007). Along with ...
connell_ukcip - Global Change System for Analysis, Research
... UKCIP98 and UKCIP02 both have four scenarios No ‘best guess’ No probabilities UKCIP98 incorporate emissions uncertainty and uncertainty about climate sensitivity • UKCIP02 include emissions uncertainty only • Recommend using other models too ...
... UKCIP98 and UKCIP02 both have four scenarios No ‘best guess’ No probabilities UKCIP98 incorporate emissions uncertainty and uncertainty about climate sensitivity • UKCIP02 include emissions uncertainty only • Recommend using other models too ...
Lost in the problem: the role of boundary organisations in the
... Board to deal with political issues like salience and legitimacy, and a Scientific Board to attend to issues of scientific credibility.24 Dual accountability leads to a split between sacred or front-office narratives of boundary work for official use in external accountability relations, e.g. to mem ...
... Board to deal with political issues like salience and legitimacy, and a Scientific Board to attend to issues of scientific credibility.24 Dual accountability leads to a split between sacred or front-office narratives of boundary work for official use in external accountability relations, e.g. to mem ...
On the Impact of Weather and Climate on
... 2005 and 2007 cropping seasons on the same households. The rainfall and temperature data obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorology Authority includes monthly observations from the years 1976 to 2006, collected in stations close to the study villages (kebeles). The farming system is a mixed crop-livest ...
... 2005 and 2007 cropping seasons on the same households. The rainfall and temperature data obtained from the Ethiopian Meteorology Authority includes monthly observations from the years 1976 to 2006, collected in stations close to the study villages (kebeles). The farming system is a mixed crop-livest ...
Atlantic Region Adaptation Science Activities Report
... Abstract: On the Atlantic coast of Canada, the predicted effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise and the increased occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events, are compounded in many areas by post-glacial crustal subsidence, leading to increased coastal erosion and flooding. This pl ...
... Abstract: On the Atlantic coast of Canada, the predicted effects of climate change, such as sea-level rise and the increased occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events, are compounded in many areas by post-glacial crustal subsidence, leading to increased coastal erosion and flooding. This pl ...
The relative increase of record high maximum
... A1). Only one other trajectory of the ratio is higher than the observed after the late-1990s, out of ...
... A1). Only one other trajectory of the ratio is higher than the observed after the late-1990s, out of ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.