climate change adaptation in nigeria
... academic research and findings. While some frontline climate scientists opine that the primary causes of climate change are traceable to increasing and alarming rates of atmospheric temperature due to the earth trappings of anthropogenic greenhouse gases since the industrial era (Hansen et al., 1981 ...
... academic research and findings. While some frontline climate scientists opine that the primary causes of climate change are traceable to increasing and alarming rates of atmospheric temperature due to the earth trappings of anthropogenic greenhouse gases since the industrial era (Hansen et al., 1981 ...
Variability and Triggering Factors of Observed Global Mean Land
... term trend and thus to climate change. In order to investigate long term changes it is sufficient to deal with annual mean monthly precipitation sums as provided in Fig. 1. The linear trend of the whole period from 1951 to 2000 is of the order of .0038mm/month/year. The explained fraction of varianc ...
... term trend and thus to climate change. In order to investigate long term changes it is sufficient to deal with annual mean monthly precipitation sums as provided in Fig. 1. The linear trend of the whole period from 1951 to 2000 is of the order of .0038mm/month/year. The explained fraction of varianc ...
Chapter 10 Liability
... date of knowledge, in respect of the concept of anthropogenic climate change, has passed. The test for standard of care in professional negligence cases is whether a competent body of professionals of equivalent experience to the professional in question would have taken climate change into account. ...
... date of knowledge, in respect of the concept of anthropogenic climate change, has passed. The test for standard of care in professional negligence cases is whether a competent body of professionals of equivalent experience to the professional in question would have taken climate change into account. ...
Report on Greenpeace NZ Campaign to Raise
... New Zealand Industrial and Agricultural Perspective. In the shorter term the local and worldwide oil industry in particular would not be keen to see a downturn in fossil fuel usage. Oil provides 40% to 43% of all energy used by the world. Oil and coal each account for 40% of global warming emissions ...
... New Zealand Industrial and Agricultural Perspective. In the shorter term the local and worldwide oil industry in particular would not be keen to see a downturn in fossil fuel usage. Oil provides 40% to 43% of all energy used by the world. Oil and coal each account for 40% of global warming emissions ...
world development report 2010: Development and Climate Change
... continuing climate change, at current rates, will pose increasingly severe challenges to development. By century’s end, it could lead to warming of 5°C or more compared with preindustrial times and to a vastly different world from today, with more extreme weather events, most ecosystems stressed and ...
... continuing climate change, at current rates, will pose increasingly severe challenges to development. By century’s end, it could lead to warming of 5°C or more compared with preindustrial times and to a vastly different world from today, with more extreme weather events, most ecosystems stressed and ...
NSW and ACT Regional Climate Model: Project scope
... Projections about our future climate form a critical part of adaptation planning. They take us a step beyond assuming that our climate will remain the same in the future, or that it will unpredictably fluctuate within the bounds of natural variability. They help us ask the question: given our unders ...
... Projections about our future climate form a critical part of adaptation planning. They take us a step beyond assuming that our climate will remain the same in the future, or that it will unpredictably fluctuate within the bounds of natural variability. They help us ask the question: given our unders ...
Winter Sports and Climate Change
... Low-emissions future with adaptation measures can protect Canada’s winter sports (and festivals), depending on near-term action Significant action to reduce carbon emissions to levels that limit the average global temperature increase to less than 2 ºC from the pre-industrial levels, in combination ...
... Low-emissions future with adaptation measures can protect Canada’s winter sports (and festivals), depending on near-term action Significant action to reduce carbon emissions to levels that limit the average global temperature increase to less than 2 ºC from the pre-industrial levels, in combination ...
The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming and Climate
... during the 21st century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts temperature rises of 1.8-4.0°C (3.2-7.2°F) by 2100.9 Some natural occurrences, such as volcanic eruptions, lightning, and natural fires, contribute to GHG emissions;10,11 however, the overwhelming consensus among ...
... during the 21st century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts temperature rises of 1.8-4.0°C (3.2-7.2°F) by 2100.9 Some natural occurrences, such as volcanic eruptions, lightning, and natural fires, contribute to GHG emissions;10,11 however, the overwhelming consensus among ...
Towards Climate Change Adaptation in the Baltic Sea Region
... (normative protection (adaptation) target). The graphic on this page illustrates that most countries will benefit from adaptation. Denmark, Latvia, Sweden and Germany are in particularly prone to risk and can achieve a positive benefit. The opposite holds for Estonia, Finland and Lithuania. Here, th ...
... (normative protection (adaptation) target). The graphic on this page illustrates that most countries will benefit from adaptation. Denmark, Latvia, Sweden and Germany are in particularly prone to risk and can achieve a positive benefit. The opposite holds for Estonia, Finland and Lithuania. Here, th ...
Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Water Availability
... Long-range water supply planning requires selecting a future time frame for conducting analyses. Two regional planning groups in northeastern and east-central Illinois selected 2050 as the time horizon for planning studies. Recognizing inherent uncertainties, the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) h ...
... Long-range water supply planning requires selecting a future time frame for conducting analyses. Two regional planning groups in northeastern and east-central Illinois selected 2050 as the time horizon for planning studies. Recognizing inherent uncertainties, the Illinois State Water Survey (ISWS) h ...
Global Climate Risk Index 2015
... sets available on the impacts of extreme weather events and associated socio-economic data. The Germanwatch Climate Risk Index 2015 is the 10th edition of the annual analysis. Its aim is to contextualize ongoing climate policy debates – especially the international climate talk – with realworld impa ...
... sets available on the impacts of extreme weather events and associated socio-economic data. The Germanwatch Climate Risk Index 2015 is the 10th edition of the annual analysis. Its aim is to contextualize ongoing climate policy debates – especially the international climate talk – with realworld impa ...
S TAT E O F T H E WO R... Into a Warming World 2 0
... gases have economically benefited some developing countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol but are not obligated by it to cut their own emissions. And they probably have meant the avoidance of some emissions that would have occurred. By official count, trading in 2006 and 2007 in emerging worldwide ...
... gases have economically benefited some developing countries that signed the Kyoto Protocol but are not obligated by it to cut their own emissions. And they probably have meant the avoidance of some emissions that would have occurred. By official count, trading in 2006 and 2007 in emerging worldwide ...
Climate and Weather Discourse in Anthropology: From Determinism
... Hippocrates and Aristotle and lasting well into the twentieth century (Harris 1968; Moran 1982). In fact, writers drawing on the early Greek philosophers, most prominently Ibn Khaldun, Montesquieu, and Compte, considered climate an important factor for health, physical and personality characteristic ...
... Hippocrates and Aristotle and lasting well into the twentieth century (Harris 1968; Moran 1982). In fact, writers drawing on the early Greek philosophers, most prominently Ibn Khaldun, Montesquieu, and Compte, considered climate an important factor for health, physical and personality characteristic ...
Climate - Net Texts
... Although almost anything can happen with the weather, climate is more predictable. The weather on a particular winter day in San Diego may be colder than on the same day in Lake Tahoe, but, on average, Tahoe’s winter climate is significantly colder than San Diego’s (Figure 1.1). Climate then is the l ...
... Although almost anything can happen with the weather, climate is more predictable. The weather on a particular winter day in San Diego may be colder than on the same day in Lake Tahoe, but, on average, Tahoe’s winter climate is significantly colder than San Diego’s (Figure 1.1). Climate then is the l ...
Environmental effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
... exhaustive, and focuses on parameters that highlight the weaknesses of the models, from which progress might be made. In particular, we chose global and regional surface and lower tropospheric temperatures, regional storms (i.e. Atlantic hurricanes, as a representation of the ocean-atmosphere intera ...
... exhaustive, and focuses on parameters that highlight the weaknesses of the models, from which progress might be made. In particular, we chose global and regional surface and lower tropospheric temperatures, regional storms (i.e. Atlantic hurricanes, as a representation of the ocean-atmosphere intera ...
ProClim– Flash - Naturwissenschaften Schweiz
... First globally complete glacier inventory created An international group of scientists – more than 70 scientists from 18 countries – have mapped all of the world’s glaciers. Glaciologists can now study with unprecedented accuracy the impacts of a changing climate on glaciers worldwide and determine ...
... First globally complete glacier inventory created An international group of scientists – more than 70 scientists from 18 countries – have mapped all of the world’s glaciers. Glaciologists can now study with unprecedented accuracy the impacts of a changing climate on glaciers worldwide and determine ...
Simulation of regional climate change under the IPCC A2 scenario
... in the future, with a stronger trend in winter and a southnorth increasing gradient. Gao et al. (2006) reported that simulated East Asia large-scale precipitation patterns are significantly affected by model resolution. Furthermore, they found that model resolutions of 60 km or finer are needed to a ...
... in the future, with a stronger trend in winter and a southnorth increasing gradient. Gao et al. (2006) reported that simulated East Asia large-scale precipitation patterns are significantly affected by model resolution. Furthermore, they found that model resolutions of 60 km or finer are needed to a ...
Game-Changers in the Paris Climate Deal
... Every year of delay in tackling climate change costs lives. It is already making the daily struggles of the world’s poorest women, men and children harder, and it is the single biggest threat to winning the fight against hunger. Left unchecked, climate change could reverse decades of development in ...
... Every year of delay in tackling climate change costs lives. It is already making the daily struggles of the world’s poorest women, men and children harder, and it is the single biggest threat to winning the fight against hunger. Left unchecked, climate change could reverse decades of development in ...
ece11 Funke 16512079 en
... Over the last decades, climate models have been developed to an impressive level of complexity. Over a similar period, there has been growing interest in the uncertainty of future climate scenarios. Future climate projections are uncertain because both the initial conditions and the computational re ...
... Over the last decades, climate models have been developed to an impressive level of complexity. Over a similar period, there has been growing interest in the uncertainty of future climate scenarios. Future climate projections are uncertain because both the initial conditions and the computational re ...
magnitude and frequency
... Observed records show variability in flooding from one decade to the next but convincing long-term trends are harder to discern. Most studies are based on relatively short periods of data (often beginning in the 1960s) and predisposed to an upward trend by the extreme flooding outliers in year 2000 ...
... Observed records show variability in flooding from one decade to the next but convincing long-term trends are harder to discern. Most studies are based on relatively short periods of data (often beginning in the 1960s) and predisposed to an upward trend by the extreme flooding outliers in year 2000 ...
Agriculture and food systems in sub
... Agricultural and food systems globally face considerable challenges in the coming decades. The demand for food continues to increase rapidly, as a result of various drivers. Current estimates of human population in 2050 range from 7.96 billion to 10.46 billion; the medium variant estimate is 9.19 bi ...
... Agricultural and food systems globally face considerable challenges in the coming decades. The demand for food continues to increase rapidly, as a result of various drivers. Current estimates of human population in 2050 range from 7.96 billion to 10.46 billion; the medium variant estimate is 9.19 bi ...
Global warming controversy
The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. In the scientific literature, there is a strong consensus that global surface temperatures have increased in recent decades and that the trend is caused primarily by human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. No scientific body of national or international standing disagrees with this view, though a few organizations with members in extractive industries hold non-committal positions. Disputes over the key scientific facts of global warming are now more prevalent in the popular media than in the scientific literature, where such issues are treated as resolved, and more in the United States than globally.Political and popular debate concerning the existence and cause of climate change includes the reasons for the increase seen in the instrumental temperature record, whether the warming trend exceeds normal climatic variations, and whether human activities have contributed significantly to it. Scientists have resolved many of these questions decisively in favour of the view that the current warming trend exists and is ongoing, that human activity is the primary cause, and that it is without precedent in at least 2000 years. Disputes that also reflect scientific debate include estimates of how responsive the climate system might be to any given level of greenhouse gases (climate sensitivity), and what the consequences of global warming will be.Global warming remains an issue of widespread political debate, often split along party political lines, especially in the United States. Many of the largely settled scientific issues, such as the human responsibility for global warming, remain the subject of politically or economically motivated attempts to downplay, dismiss or deny them – an ideological phenomenon categorised by academics and scientists as climate change denial. The sources of funding for those involved with climate science – both supporting and opposing mainstream scientific positions – have been questioned by both sides. There are debates about the best policy responses to the science, their cost-effectiveness and their urgency. Climate scientists, especially in the United States, have reported official and oil-industry pressure to censor or suppress their work and hide scientific data, with directives not to discuss the subject in public communications. Legal cases regarding global warming, its effects, and measures to reduce it have reached American courts. The fossil fuels lobby and free market think tanks have often been identified as overtly or covertly supporting efforts to undermine or discredit the scientific consensus on global warming.