Solvent free permanganate oxidations
... concentrated aqueous solution of potassium permanganate to alumina, giving a paste which is then ground with an equal amount of copper sulfate pentahydrate. Reductant (2 mmol) is added to a portion of the oxidant (4 g) in a 25 mL round bottomed flask and stirred magnetically until TLC analysis indi ...
... concentrated aqueous solution of potassium permanganate to alumina, giving a paste which is then ground with an equal amount of copper sulfate pentahydrate. Reductant (2 mmol) is added to a portion of the oxidant (4 g) in a 25 mL round bottomed flask and stirred magnetically until TLC analysis indi ...
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... 12. Alcohols reacts with dry sodium liberating a)oxygen b)hydrogen c)carbon dioxide d)carbon monoxide 13. A primary alcohol on oxidation gives a)a ketone b)an aldehyde c) an ester d) a secondary alcohol 14. In the esterification of an alcohol a)hydroxyl group is replaced by phenol b)hydrogen is repl ...
... 12. Alcohols reacts with dry sodium liberating a)oxygen b)hydrogen c)carbon dioxide d)carbon monoxide 13. A primary alcohol on oxidation gives a)a ketone b)an aldehyde c) an ester d) a secondary alcohol 14. In the esterification of an alcohol a)hydroxyl group is replaced by phenol b)hydrogen is repl ...
Lecture 14a - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
... If the reaction is carried out in solution, the crude product often (not in all cases though) precipitates during the course of the reaction if a small amount of the proper solvent is used ...
... If the reaction is carried out in solution, the crude product often (not in all cases though) precipitates during the course of the reaction if a small amount of the proper solvent is used ...
Esterification Worksheet
... Which measuring cylinder would you use to measure 2cm3 of liquid? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ TASK : Calculate the % error in each case. Show your workings: ...
... Which measuring cylinder would you use to measure 2cm3 of liquid? Why? __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ TASK : Calculate the % error in each case. Show your workings: ...
organic chemistry i
... Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Nucleophiles and leaving groups Rate of reaction: effect of concentration. Kinetics. Kinetics of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Second-order and first-order reactions Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution:duality of mechanisms The SN2 reaction: mechanism and ...
... Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Nucleophiles and leaving groups Rate of reaction: effect of concentration. Kinetics. Kinetics of nucleophilic aliphatic substitution. Second-order and first-order reactions Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution:duality of mechanisms The SN2 reaction: mechanism and ...
Review
... Syntheses of alcohols through SN reactions Reactions of alcohols General Strategy: Converting –OH into a good LG (9.7A) SN1 type reactions: conversions of 3o alcohols into alkyl halides (9.11A) SN2 type reactions: Lewis acid –mediated (with SOCl2 and PBr3 -9.12) E type reactions: dehydration of alco ...
... Syntheses of alcohols through SN reactions Reactions of alcohols General Strategy: Converting –OH into a good LG (9.7A) SN1 type reactions: conversions of 3o alcohols into alkyl halides (9.11A) SN2 type reactions: Lewis acid –mediated (with SOCl2 and PBr3 -9.12) E type reactions: dehydration of alco ...
Background Information
... When condensation products (β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds) undergo E2 elimination, the resulting product is referred to as an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl. In the case of the dibenzalacetone reaction, the product is referred to as an α,β-unsaturated ketone. These products are very stable (due to resonance ...
... When condensation products (β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds) undergo E2 elimination, the resulting product is referred to as an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl. In the case of the dibenzalacetone reaction, the product is referred to as an α,β-unsaturated ketone. These products are very stable (due to resonance ...
HL ISSN: 2231 – 3087(print) / 2230 – 9632 (Online)
... and exhibits remarkable selectivity as a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes selectively over ketonesxiii, except β-hydroxy ketones which reduces selectively to 1,3-trans-diols. The steric and strong electron withdrawing effect of three acetoxy groups stabilizes boron-hydrogen (B-H) bond and respon ...
... and exhibits remarkable selectivity as a reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes selectively over ketonesxiii, except β-hydroxy ketones which reduces selectively to 1,3-trans-diols. The steric and strong electron withdrawing effect of three acetoxy groups stabilizes boron-hydrogen (B-H) bond and respon ...
Chem 174-Lecture 15a..
... i.e., Cp2ZrCl2 (16 VE) Due to their Lewis acidity they were used as catalyst in the Ziegler-Natta reaction (Polymerization of ethylene or propylene) Of particular interest for polymerization reactions are ansa-metallocenes because the bridge locks the Cp-rings and also changes the reactivity of ...
... i.e., Cp2ZrCl2 (16 VE) Due to their Lewis acidity they were used as catalyst in the Ziegler-Natta reaction (Polymerization of ethylene or propylene) Of particular interest for polymerization reactions are ansa-metallocenes because the bridge locks the Cp-rings and also changes the reactivity of ...
Asymmetric (stereoselective) synthesis
... Klunder, J. M.; Ko, S. Y.; Sharpless, K. B. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 3710 ...
... Klunder, J. M.; Ko, S. Y.; Sharpless, K. B. J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 3710 ...
Dissertation:
... lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc and aluminum metal centers were used as catalysts for the alcoholysis reactions of PLLA and L-LA. Ethanol, methanol, and other alcohols such as n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and allyl alcohol were used in alcoholysis reactions, whereas dichlo ...
... lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc and aluminum metal centers were used as catalysts for the alcoholysis reactions of PLLA and L-LA. Ethanol, methanol, and other alcohols such as n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol and allyl alcohol were used in alcoholysis reactions, whereas dichlo ...
Chapter 7
... • Rearrangements will always occur when an alkyl group or a hydrogen can shift to form a more stable carbocation!! • 1,2-methyl shift • 1,2-hydride shift • Remember, these shifts occur to increase stability so other forms of stability must be considered as well! ...
... • Rearrangements will always occur when an alkyl group or a hydrogen can shift to form a more stable carbocation!! • 1,2-methyl shift • 1,2-hydride shift • Remember, these shifts occur to increase stability so other forms of stability must be considered as well! ...
Rxns of Alkynes
... c. easly get aldehyde 5. Hydrogenation a. usually can’t stop at alkene b. can stop only if using “poison” catalyst (Lindlar catalyst) c. get cis alkene for syn addition with Lindlar d. to get trans, use Na or Li in liquid ammonia (-78ºC) e. this is radical addition ...
... c. easly get aldehyde 5. Hydrogenation a. usually can’t stop at alkene b. can stop only if using “poison” catalyst (Lindlar catalyst) c. get cis alkene for syn addition with Lindlar d. to get trans, use Na or Li in liquid ammonia (-78ºC) e. this is radical addition ...
Topic 8 Assessed Homework Task - A
... In a typical procedure, a mixture of 1.00 g of propanone, 5.00 g of ethane-1,2-diol and 0.100 g of benzenesulphonic acid, C6H5SO3H, is heated under reflux in an inert solvent. Benzenesulphonic acid is a strong acid. Which one of the following statements is not true? ...
... In a typical procedure, a mixture of 1.00 g of propanone, 5.00 g of ethane-1,2-diol and 0.100 g of benzenesulphonic acid, C6H5SO3H, is heated under reflux in an inert solvent. Benzenesulphonic acid is a strong acid. Which one of the following statements is not true? ...
General properties of urea : It is water
... Classically it was the first naturally occurring “organic” compound to be prepared from inorganic compounds traversing for the first time the great divide that appeared to classify all substances known at the time. Evaporation of an aqueous solution of ammonium cyanate to dryness was observed to giv ...
... Classically it was the first naturally occurring “organic” compound to be prepared from inorganic compounds traversing for the first time the great divide that appeared to classify all substances known at the time. Evaporation of an aqueous solution of ammonium cyanate to dryness was observed to giv ...
Experiment 7 — Nucleophilic Substitution
... intermediate. The carbocation then captures a nucleophile, often the solvent (followed by proton transfer to produce the final neutral product). In this case the reaction is called a solvolysis. Because the first step is rate-determining, the SN1 reaction displays first-order kinetics; its rate depe ...
... intermediate. The carbocation then captures a nucleophile, often the solvent (followed by proton transfer to produce the final neutral product). In this case the reaction is called a solvolysis. Because the first step is rate-determining, the SN1 reaction displays first-order kinetics; its rate depe ...
Naming Ethers Naming Ethers
... Consider the IR of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the resonance structures below it. An S=O bond has a strong peak @ ~1050 cm-1 and an S-O bond @ 700-900 cm-1. Which resonance form should predominate? ...
... Consider the IR of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and the resonance structures below it. An S=O bond has a strong peak @ ~1050 cm-1 and an S-O bond @ 700-900 cm-1. Which resonance form should predominate? ...
Dehydrating Cyclohexanol
... cyclohexanol remained in the product after distillation. The refractive index value of product was 1.4478 at 20oC and the percentage of error was 0.1245%. This meant that although cyclohexanol was still in the products, the percentage was quite small. The reason why the (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 still turned r ...
... cyclohexanol remained in the product after distillation. The refractive index value of product was 1.4478 at 20oC and the percentage of error was 0.1245%. This meant that although cyclohexanol was still in the products, the percentage was quite small. The reason why the (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 still turned r ...
organic chemistry ii
... When a nucleophile attacks a CA derivative, a tetrahedral intermediate (unstable) forms, which subsequently dissociates into a new CA derivative (or into a carboxylate) Reactions of Nitriles Nitriles are extremely versatile as precursors; they can be converted into (i) carboxylic acids, (ii) imines, ...
... When a nucleophile attacks a CA derivative, a tetrahedral intermediate (unstable) forms, which subsequently dissociates into a new CA derivative (or into a carboxylate) Reactions of Nitriles Nitriles are extremely versatile as precursors; they can be converted into (i) carboxylic acids, (ii) imines, ...
9. E1: Alkenes from alcohols - Web Pages
... Measure and record the volume of about 10 mL of cyclohexanol using a graduated cylinder. Transfer the cyclohexanol sample quickly to a 25 mL roundbottomed flask to prevent solidification in your graduated cylinder. Add a boiling chip and 1.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to the flask. Swirl the s ...
... Measure and record the volume of about 10 mL of cyclohexanol using a graduated cylinder. Transfer the cyclohexanol sample quickly to a 25 mL roundbottomed flask to prevent solidification in your graduated cylinder. Add a boiling chip and 1.0 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid to the flask. Swirl the s ...
aldehyde,ketones and Haloalkanes
... n – BuBr + KCN ------------------ n – BuCN Give an example for each describe the following reactions: (i) Gatterman reaction (ii) Coupling reaction. (iii)Riemer timann reaction ...
... n – BuBr + KCN ------------------ n – BuCN Give an example for each describe the following reactions: (i) Gatterman reaction (ii) Coupling reaction. (iii)Riemer timann reaction ...
Notes 07 Organometallic Compounds with notes
... Learning Check 1. How can you tell that the alkane synthesis using R2CuLi is not a simple SN2 reaction? Aryl and vinyl substances can not do SN1 or SN2 ...
... Learning Check 1. How can you tell that the alkane synthesis using R2CuLi is not a simple SN2 reaction? Aryl and vinyl substances can not do SN1 or SN2 ...
Chapter 7 Alkenes and Alkynes I
... removing sterically hindered hydrogens and generally only react with more accessible hydrogens (e.g. primary hydrogens) ...
... removing sterically hindered hydrogens and generally only react with more accessible hydrogens (e.g. primary hydrogens) ...
sn2 reactions of alkyl halides
... The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis. They can be easily prepared from alcohols or alkenes, among other starting materials. They in turn can be used in the synthesis of a large number of functional groups. These syntheses are often carried out by nucleophilic substitution re ...
... The alkyl halides play an important role in organic synthesis. They can be easily prepared from alcohols or alkenes, among other starting materials. They in turn can be used in the synthesis of a large number of functional groups. These syntheses are often carried out by nucleophilic substitution re ...
Diels–Alder reaction
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The Diels–Alder reaction is an organic chemical reaction (specifically, a [4+2] cycloaddition) between a conjugated diene and a substituted alkene, commonly termed the dienophile, to form a substituted cyclohexene system. It was first described by Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder in 1928, for which work they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950. The Diels–Alder reaction is particularly useful in synthetic organic chemistry as a reliable method for forming 6-membered systems with good control over regio- and stereochemical properties. The underlying concept has also been applied to other π-systems, such as carbonyls and imines, to furnish the corresponding heterocycles, known as the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction. Diels–Alder reactions can be reversible under certain conditions; the reverse reaction is known as the retro-Diels–Alder reaction.