The aging brain: The cognitive reserve hypothesis
... general, will also have been important in hominid evolution in particular. Allman and colleagues (1998, 1999) also looked at the relationship between lifespan and parenting within primates. Larger brain size requires longer periods of development (longer lifespan), and Allman et al. (1998) predicted ...
... general, will also have been important in hominid evolution in particular. Allman and colleagues (1998, 1999) also looked at the relationship between lifespan and parenting within primates. Larger brain size requires longer periods of development (longer lifespan), and Allman et al. (1998) predicted ...
CHAPTER 41
... weakly and increases steadily in a ramp manner for about 2 seconds. Then it ceases abruptly for approximately the next 3 seconds, which turns off the excitation of the diaphragm and allows elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall to cause expiration. Next, the inspiratory signal begins again f ...
... weakly and increases steadily in a ramp manner for about 2 seconds. Then it ceases abruptly for approximately the next 3 seconds, which turns off the excitation of the diaphragm and allows elastic recoil of the lungs and the chest wall to cause expiration. Next, the inspiratory signal begins again f ...
Cardiovascular Physiology 2016
... action potential is a transient alteration of the transmembrane voltage (membrane potential) across an excitable membrane in an excitable cell (e.g., myocyte) generated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in the membrane action potential originates in “pacemaker” cells - autorhyth ...
... action potential is a transient alteration of the transmembrane voltage (membrane potential) across an excitable membrane in an excitable cell (e.g., myocyte) generated by the activity of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in the membrane action potential originates in “pacemaker” cells - autorhyth ...
Respiratory Physiology
... Ventilation is uneven within the lungs •The weight of the lungs produces uneven inflation of alveoli. Lungs weight make different alveolar volume at the top and bottom of the lungs (e.g. alveoli at the top of the lungs are at a larger volume (more negative intrapleural pressure) than those at the b ...
... Ventilation is uneven within the lungs •The weight of the lungs produces uneven inflation of alveoli. Lungs weight make different alveolar volume at the top and bottom of the lungs (e.g. alveoli at the top of the lungs are at a larger volume (more negative intrapleural pressure) than those at the b ...
issues and problems in brain magnetic resonance imaging
... that a five component mixture model is still insufficient for modeling levels of intensity inhomogeneities and variability in tissues as a result of detailed biological processes. For instance, intensity histograms of abnormal brains show vast deviations from the intensity histograms of the normal p ...
... that a five component mixture model is still insufficient for modeling levels of intensity inhomogeneities and variability in tissues as a result of detailed biological processes. For instance, intensity histograms of abnormal brains show vast deviations from the intensity histograms of the normal p ...
section4
... • pH of CSF (most powerful respiratory stimulus) • Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35) caused by failure of pulmonary ventilation – hypercapnia (PCO2) > 43 mmHg – CO2 easily crosses blood-brain barrier, in CSF the CO2 reacts with water and releases H+, central chemoreceptors strongly stimulate inspirat ...
... • pH of CSF (most powerful respiratory stimulus) • Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35) caused by failure of pulmonary ventilation – hypercapnia (PCO2) > 43 mmHg – CO2 easily crosses blood-brain barrier, in CSF the CO2 reacts with water and releases H+, central chemoreceptors strongly stimulate inspirat ...
Pathophysiology of breathing
... seconds. It is more likely in the presence of a metabolic alkalosis because decrease pCO2 in blood (after artificial lung ventilation), giving adrenalin in blood, inhibition of respiratory neurons (as a result of hypoxia, toxic effects, organic pathology of the brain) . ...
... seconds. It is more likely in the presence of a metabolic alkalosis because decrease pCO2 in blood (after artificial lung ventilation), giving adrenalin in blood, inhibition of respiratory neurons (as a result of hypoxia, toxic effects, organic pathology of the brain) . ...
Lecture 23. Pathophysiology of respiratory system
... seconds. It is more likely in the presence of a metabolic alkalosis because decrease pCO2 in blood (after artificial lung ventilation), giving adrenalin in blood, inhibition of respiratory neurons (as a result of hypoxia, toxic effects, organic pathology of the brain) . ...
... seconds. It is more likely in the presence of a metabolic alkalosis because decrease pCO2 in blood (after artificial lung ventilation), giving adrenalin in blood, inhibition of respiratory neurons (as a result of hypoxia, toxic effects, organic pathology of the brain) . ...
19 Comp Review 3b
... released and enters the tissues. This dissociation increases as the pCO2 levels increase. In other words, when the carbon dioxide levels rise, oxygen will jump off the hemoglobin and into the tissues. Therefore, the most effective stimulus to the respiratory center is an increase in pCO2. The waste ...
... released and enters the tissues. This dissociation increases as the pCO2 levels increase. In other words, when the carbon dioxide levels rise, oxygen will jump off the hemoglobin and into the tissues. Therefore, the most effective stimulus to the respiratory center is an increase in pCO2. The waste ...
Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Brain Tumor
... fiber orientation along the three orthogonal spatial axes. The precise determination of the margins of the tumor is of the utmost importance to the management of brain tumors. The goal of a surgical approach to the brain neoplasm is the complete resection of the tumor, coupled with minimum neurologi ...
... fiber orientation along the three orthogonal spatial axes. The precise determination of the margins of the tumor is of the utmost importance to the management of brain tumors. The goal of a surgical approach to the brain neoplasm is the complete resection of the tumor, coupled with minimum neurologi ...
2016 Research Grant Directory
... This project will assess how genetic differences effect recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore possible treatment methods. Traumatic brain injury is a serious and potentially life threatening clinical problem. An estimated 12,000 to 15,000 TBIs occur in New Jersey alone, 1,000 of wh ...
... This project will assess how genetic differences effect recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and explore possible treatment methods. Traumatic brain injury is a serious and potentially life threatening clinical problem. An estimated 12,000 to 15,000 TBIs occur in New Jersey alone, 1,000 of wh ...
Disproportion of cerebral surface areas and volumes in
... The mean6SD values for right and left hemispheric volumes GMV and SMV, EA and surface area derivative ratios (EGM, ESM and ECC) are given in Table 2. No control subjects had values for any of these parameters outside the normal range for that parameter. The mean6SD of the CCA across the control grou ...
... The mean6SD values for right and left hemispheric volumes GMV and SMV, EA and surface area derivative ratios (EGM, ESM and ECC) are given in Table 2. No control subjects had values for any of these parameters outside the normal range for that parameter. The mean6SD of the CCA across the control grou ...
Brain Matters: Brain Anatomy
... hippocampus. It is important to memory formation and retrieval and plays a particularly important role in both spatial memory and episodic (declarative) memory. The parahippocampal gyrus is also involved in face recognition. Parietal lobes: The parietal lobes are regions in the brain that play an im ...
... hippocampus. It is important to memory formation and retrieval and plays a particularly important role in both spatial memory and episodic (declarative) memory. The parahippocampal gyrus is also involved in face recognition. Parietal lobes: The parietal lobes are regions in the brain that play an im ...
Derived copy of The Process of Breathing
... pressures is called transpulmonary pressure. Intra-alveolar pressure will equalize with the atmospheric pressure. A gas is at lower pressure in a larger volume because the gas molecules have more space to in which to move. The same quantity of gas in a smaller volume results in gas molecules crowdin ...
... pressures is called transpulmonary pressure. Intra-alveolar pressure will equalize with the atmospheric pressure. A gas is at lower pressure in a larger volume because the gas molecules have more space to in which to move. The same quantity of gas in a smaller volume results in gas molecules crowdin ...
Brain Development
... 3. Myelination is the process of coating the axon of each neuron with a fatty coating called myelin, which protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently. Myelination begins in the brain stem and cerebellum before birth, but is not completed in the frontal cortex until late in ...
... 3. Myelination is the process of coating the axon of each neuron with a fatty coating called myelin, which protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently. Myelination begins in the brain stem and cerebellum before birth, but is not completed in the frontal cortex until late in ...
Blood Vessels
... • ADH, aldosterone promote water, salt retention • EPO stimulates RBC production • ANP promotes sodium, water loss ...
... • ADH, aldosterone promote water, salt retention • EPO stimulates RBC production • ANP promotes sodium, water loss ...
Respiratory Centers
... • pH of CSF (most powerful respiratory stimulus) • Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35) caused by failure of pulmonary ventilation – hypercapnia (PCO2) > 43 mmHg – CO2 easily crosses blood-brain barrier, in CSF the CO2 reacts with water and releases H+, central chemoreceptors strongly stimulate inspirat ...
... • pH of CSF (most powerful respiratory stimulus) • Respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35) caused by failure of pulmonary ventilation – hypercapnia (PCO2) > 43 mmHg – CO2 easily crosses blood-brain barrier, in CSF the CO2 reacts with water and releases H+, central chemoreceptors strongly stimulate inspirat ...
Introduction to the cardiovascular system
... exchange of gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products between the blood and the tissue cells. Substances pass through the capillary wall by diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the capillary wall by diffusion. Fluid movement across a capillary wall is determ ...
... exchange of gases, nutrients, and metabolic waste products between the blood and the tissue cells. Substances pass through the capillary wall by diffusion, filtration, and osmosis. Oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the capillary wall by diffusion. Fluid movement across a capillary wall is determ ...
The Structure of the Nervous System
... from above. Notice that it is clearly split down the middle into two cerebral hemispheres, separatedby the deep sagittalfissure.In general, the right cerebralhemisphere receives sensationsfrom, and controls movements of, the left side of the body. Similarly, the left cerebralhemisphere is concernedw ...
... from above. Notice that it is clearly split down the middle into two cerebral hemispheres, separatedby the deep sagittalfissure.In general, the right cerebralhemisphere receives sensationsfrom, and controls movements of, the left side of the body. Similarly, the left cerebralhemisphere is concernedw ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... signals that brain function is impaired • Fainting or syncopy: brief loss of consciousness – Most often due to inadequate cerebral blood flow – Due to low blood pressure or ischemia from hemorrhage or sudden, severe emotional stress ...
... signals that brain function is impaired • Fainting or syncopy: brief loss of consciousness – Most often due to inadequate cerebral blood flow – Due to low blood pressure or ischemia from hemorrhage or sudden, severe emotional stress ...
GFR - gserianne.com
... Three Major Ways of Regulating GFR 1) Autoregulation – Maintains GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow (between 90 – 180 mm Hg mean systemic pressure) – Myogenic (muscular) mechanism – contraction of afferent arteriolar vascular smooth muscle when stretched (increased BP); rela ...
... Three Major Ways of Regulating GFR 1) Autoregulation – Maintains GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow (between 90 – 180 mm Hg mean systemic pressure) – Myogenic (muscular) mechanism – contraction of afferent arteriolar vascular smooth muscle when stretched (increased BP); rela ...
Robb Glenny Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
... seen traversing from one horizon to the other. While the observation is consistent with the hypothesis, it is not sufficient proof. When it was discovered that the earth spins about its axis, prior observations were not invalidated but rather reinterpreted. The realization that blood flow within hor ...
... seen traversing from one horizon to the other. While the observation is consistent with the hypothesis, it is not sufficient proof. When it was discovered that the earth spins about its axis, prior observations were not invalidated but rather reinterpreted. The realization that blood flow within hor ...
Fick Principle - 911 Training Concepts
... Infants & Children Patients taking medications that don’t allow for compensation. ...
... Infants & Children Patients taking medications that don’t allow for compensation. ...
Does Mental Activity Change the Oxidative Metabolism of the Brain?
... germanate detectors, produced 7 slices of the brain, with a center-tocenter distance between slices of 13.5 mm. The full-width half-maximum (FWHM) slice thickness was 11.6 mm for direct slices and 8.0 mm for cross slices in the center of the field of view. The spatial resolution (FWHM) in the plane ...
... germanate detectors, produced 7 slices of the brain, with a center-tocenter distance between slices of 13.5 mm. The full-width half-maximum (FWHM) slice thickness was 11.6 mm for direct slices and 8.0 mm for cross slices in the center of the field of view. The spatial resolution (FWHM) in the plane ...
NVCC Bio 212
... Three Major Ways of Regulating GFR 1) Autoregulation – Maintains GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow (between 90 – 180 mm Hg mean systemic pressure) – Myogenic (muscular) mechanism – contraction of afferent arteriolar vascular smooth muscle when stretched (increased BP); rela ...
... Three Major Ways of Regulating GFR 1) Autoregulation – Maintains GFR despite changes in local blood pressure and blood flow (between 90 – 180 mm Hg mean systemic pressure) – Myogenic (muscular) mechanism – contraction of afferent arteriolar vascular smooth muscle when stretched (increased BP); rela ...
Intracranial pressure
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The body has various mechanisms by which it keeps the ICP stable, with CSF pressures varying by about 1 mmHg in normal adults through shifts in production and absorption of CSF. CSF pressure has been shown to be influenced by abrupt changes in intrathoracic pressure during coughing (intraabdominal pressure), valsalva maneuver, and communication with the vasculature (venous and arterial systems). ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and, at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. Changes in ICP are attributed to volume changes in one or more of the constituents contained in the cranium. Intracranial hypertension, commonly abbreviated IH, IICP or raised ICP, is elevation of the pressure in the cranium. ICP is normally 7–15 mm Hg; at 20–25 mm Hg, the upper limit of normal, treatment to reduce ICP may be needed.