Restraining influence of A2 neurons in chronic control of arterial
... decades ago it became apparent that A2 neurons may be important for blood pressure regulation and could be a key link in the mechanisms of action of central anti-hypertensive drugs, such as clonidine and α-methylnoradrenaline [6–9]. Several studies reported that in normotensive rats localised ablati ...
... decades ago it became apparent that A2 neurons may be important for blood pressure regulation and could be a key link in the mechanisms of action of central anti-hypertensive drugs, such as clonidine and α-methylnoradrenaline [6–9]. Several studies reported that in normotensive rats localised ablati ...
What is a Brain State
... and I part ways. I will argue that the technique known as multi-unit recordings have identified something that is a general criterion for being a brain state and at the same time allows us to specify their boundary conditions. Before turning to that there is one last preliminary issue. I want to in ...
... and I part ways. I will argue that the technique known as multi-unit recordings have identified something that is a general criterion for being a brain state and at the same time allows us to specify their boundary conditions. Before turning to that there is one last preliminary issue. I want to in ...
kidney 4
... Causes of high GFR: 1) High filtration coefficient: • For the kidney 4 ml/ min/ mmHg/ 100 gm tissue or 12 ml/ min/ mmHg/ 300gm (both kidneys). • For systemic capillary 0.01 ml/ min/ mmHg/ 100gm tissue. • This is due to high permeability of the glomerular membrane for same hydrostatic pressure g ...
... Causes of high GFR: 1) High filtration coefficient: • For the kidney 4 ml/ min/ mmHg/ 100 gm tissue or 12 ml/ min/ mmHg/ 300gm (both kidneys). • For systemic capillary 0.01 ml/ min/ mmHg/ 100gm tissue. • This is due to high permeability of the glomerular membrane for same hydrostatic pressure g ...
Body Fluids
... The body fluids that are not inside the cells are collectively known as extracellular fluids. These fluids make up about one fourth of a person’s body weight. The most abundant is interstitial fluid, which directly surrounds most cells and fills the spaces between them. It makes up about 17% of body ...
... The body fluids that are not inside the cells are collectively known as extracellular fluids. These fluids make up about one fourth of a person’s body weight. The most abundant is interstitial fluid, which directly surrounds most cells and fills the spaces between them. It makes up about 17% of body ...
AQAAS_ch2 Resp.system
... • As exercise ends, there is a rapid decline in V E due to cessation of proprioceptive stimuli, then a levelling out to preexercise values. ...
... • As exercise ends, there is a rapid decline in V E due to cessation of proprioceptive stimuli, then a levelling out to preexercise values. ...
THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
... Regulation of blood Flow Through the Capillary Bed A metarteriole is a vessel that emerges from an arteriole and supplies a network of capillaries, the capillary bed. The proximal end of a metarteriole is surrounded by scattered smooth muscle fibers; the contraction and relaxation of the smooth musc ...
... Regulation of blood Flow Through the Capillary Bed A metarteriole is a vessel that emerges from an arteriole and supplies a network of capillaries, the capillary bed. The proximal end of a metarteriole is surrounded by scattered smooth muscle fibers; the contraction and relaxation of the smooth musc ...
RCP 112 Basic Concepts
... Key fact ---- the lung is rarely an even mixture of ventilating units – some units empty and fill quickly, others do so more slowly. ...
... Key fact ---- the lung is rarely an even mixture of ventilating units – some units empty and fill quickly, others do so more slowly. ...
Basic Physics of SWI and Relaxation
... susceptibility from acquired phase map. The concept of QSM is simple; however, highly accurate QSM has not been developed until recent years. The reason is that inverse problem, deconvolving the dipole kernel from phase map to generate susceptibility map, is ill-posed, because the phase shift due to ...
... susceptibility from acquired phase map. The concept of QSM is simple; however, highly accurate QSM has not been developed until recent years. The reason is that inverse problem, deconvolving the dipole kernel from phase map to generate susceptibility map, is ill-posed, because the phase shift due to ...
Paediatric shock
... Delivery of adequate amounts of oxygen and essential nutrients to the tissues is a complicated pathway dependent upon a number of different processes. Failure of any of these processes at any stage along this pathway can result in shock. The pathway can be thought of as follows: A pump (heart) deli ...
... Delivery of adequate amounts of oxygen and essential nutrients to the tissues is a complicated pathway dependent upon a number of different processes. Failure of any of these processes at any stage along this pathway can result in shock. The pathway can be thought of as follows: A pump (heart) deli ...
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces tolerance against brain
... explanations: firstly, GSH-px enzyme in the brain is insensitivity to HBO-PC; secondly, the level of GSH-px didn't change obviously at the time points examined. The content of MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, reflected the damage caused by ROS. The present results showed HBO-PC could lower t ...
... explanations: firstly, GSH-px enzyme in the brain is insensitivity to HBO-PC; secondly, the level of GSH-px didn't change obviously at the time points examined. The content of MDA, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, reflected the damage caused by ROS. The present results showed HBO-PC could lower t ...
NVCC Bio 212
... Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Net filtration pressure, although normally positive, is relatively low ( 10 mm Hg) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries, and is usually higher than the other systemic capillary pressures ...
... Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Net filtration pressure, although normally positive, is relatively low ( 10 mm Hg) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure is the blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries, and is usually higher than the other systemic capillary pressures ...
Plasma osmolality ≈ 290 mosmoles. kg H 2 O
... hyponatremia: a case for using isotonic saline, Pediatrics Aug 2003 – “isotonic saline in 5% dextrose is the safest fluid composition” ...
... hyponatremia: a case for using isotonic saline, Pediatrics Aug 2003 – “isotonic saline in 5% dextrose is the safest fluid composition” ...
Parkinson`s Disease Rigidity Quantification Kylen Bares1, Eddie
... should be able to force movement in the arms and fingers of actual Parkinson’s patients and accurately display the values of pressure required to induce movement. The pneumatic actuator is composed of two main components: a control box (see Fig. 2) and an arm frame (see Fig. 3). The control box con ...
... should be able to force movement in the arms and fingers of actual Parkinson’s patients and accurately display the values of pressure required to induce movement. The pneumatic actuator is composed of two main components: a control box (see Fig. 2) and an arm frame (see Fig. 3). The control box con ...
SIADH, DI and Cerebral Salt Wasting
... hyponatremia: a case for using isotonic saline, Pediatrics Aug 2003 – “isotonic saline in 5% dextrose is the safest fluid composition” ...
... hyponatremia: a case for using isotonic saline, Pediatrics Aug 2003 – “isotonic saline in 5% dextrose is the safest fluid composition” ...
Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-A Function and Binding in
... a tonic GABAergic inhibition on sympathoadrenal function from several forebrain sites.11,29 A role for GABA has been strongly implicated in hypertension. Administration of GABA agonists intraventricularly causes a greater fall in blood pressure in hypertensive animals.21,22,30 Muscimol microinjectio ...
... a tonic GABAergic inhibition on sympathoadrenal function from several forebrain sites.11,29 A role for GABA has been strongly implicated in hypertension. Administration of GABA agonists intraventricularly causes a greater fall in blood pressure in hypertensive animals.21,22,30 Muscimol microinjectio ...
blood vessels - Cloudfront.net
... from the aorta to the ends of the arterioles is about 60 mm Hg) – If a vein is cut, the blood flows evenly from the wound; a lacerated artery produces rapid spurts of blood ...
... from the aorta to the ends of the arterioles is about 60 mm Hg) – If a vein is cut, the blood flows evenly from the wound; a lacerated artery produces rapid spurts of blood ...
Deficits of brainstem and spinal cord functions after
... is continuously modulated by endogenous bionamines (8). Here, we investigated the respiratory function in HI mice 1 wk after the brain infarct. Plethysmographic recordings revealed a depressed respiratory frequency suggesting a dysfunction of the respiratory network and its bioaminergic modulation s ...
... is continuously modulated by endogenous bionamines (8). Here, we investigated the respiratory function in HI mice 1 wk after the brain infarct. Plethysmographic recordings revealed a depressed respiratory frequency suggesting a dysfunction of the respiratory network and its bioaminergic modulation s ...
CHAP NUM="14" ID="CH - Fullfrontalanatomy.com
... Emphasize that it is more important to memorize word parts than individual terms, since many important terms can easily be defined by just breaking them down. Point out the relationship between the root cephal/o (head) and encephala/o (brain). Encephal/o can actually be further broken down into ...
... Emphasize that it is more important to memorize word parts than individual terms, since many important terms can easily be defined by just breaking them down. Point out the relationship between the root cephal/o (head) and encephala/o (brain). Encephal/o can actually be further broken down into ...
Physiological changes in pregnancy
... arterial blood pressure by 10%, therefore resistance to flow must be decreased. In addition this can be result in decrease in systemic vascular resistance, particularly in the peripheral vessels. The decrease begins at 5 weeks' gestation, reaches a nadir in the second trimester (a 21% reduction) and ...
... arterial blood pressure by 10%, therefore resistance to flow must be decreased. In addition this can be result in decrease in systemic vascular resistance, particularly in the peripheral vessels. The decrease begins at 5 weeks' gestation, reaches a nadir in the second trimester (a 21% reduction) and ...
Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
... forms the stalk from which the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum sprout. The brain stem is a complex nexus of fibers and cells that in part serves to relay information from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum, and vice versa. However, the brain stem is also the site where vital func ...
... forms the stalk from which the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum sprout. The brain stem is a complex nexus of fibers and cells that in part serves to relay information from the cerebrum to the spinal cord and cerebellum, and vice versa. However, the brain stem is also the site where vital func ...
Conversations in Glaucoma - Pennsylvania Optometric Association
... to the optic nerve head, fibers. ! Elevated IOP causes a backward bowing of the lamina cribrosa, kinking the axons as they exit through the lamina pores. ! This may lead to focal ischemia, deprive the axons of neurotrophins, or interfere with axoplasmic flow, triggering cell death. ...
... to the optic nerve head, fibers. ! Elevated IOP causes a backward bowing of the lamina cribrosa, kinking the axons as they exit through the lamina pores. ! This may lead to focal ischemia, deprive the axons of neurotrophins, or interfere with axoplasmic flow, triggering cell death. ...
CEREBRAL CORTEX - Oxford Academic
... structures show substantial age-related declines, while other locales are relatively spared. First of all, a distinction between aging of gray and white matter is apparent. The preponderance of MRI data indicate that although microstructural changes in the white matter are significant (Raz et al., 1 ...
... structures show substantial age-related declines, while other locales are relatively spared. First of all, a distinction between aging of gray and white matter is apparent. The preponderance of MRI data indicate that although microstructural changes in the white matter are significant (Raz et al., 1 ...
free - Piero Scaruffi
... unconditioned stimulus (e.g., a bowl of meat) that normally causes an unconditioned response (e.g., the dog salivates) is repeatedly associated with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell), the conditioned stimulus (the bell) will eventually cause the unconditioned response (the dog salivates) without ...
... unconditioned stimulus (e.g., a bowl of meat) that normally causes an unconditioned response (e.g., the dog salivates) is repeatedly associated with a conditioned stimulus (e.g., a bell), the conditioned stimulus (the bell) will eventually cause the unconditioned response (the dog salivates) without ...
GFR - gserianne.com
... Secretion in the PCT and DCT In the DCT potassium ions or hydrogen ions may be secreted in exchange for reabsorbed sodium ions. Reabsorption of Na+ in the DCT is increased by the hormone, aldosterone. ...
... Secretion in the PCT and DCT In the DCT potassium ions or hydrogen ions may be secreted in exchange for reabsorbed sodium ions. Reabsorption of Na+ in the DCT is increased by the hormone, aldosterone. ...
Intracranial pressure
Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure inside the skull and thus in the brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The body has various mechanisms by which it keeps the ICP stable, with CSF pressures varying by about 1 mmHg in normal adults through shifts in production and absorption of CSF. CSF pressure has been shown to be influenced by abrupt changes in intrathoracic pressure during coughing (intraabdominal pressure), valsalva maneuver, and communication with the vasculature (venous and arterial systems). ICP is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and, at rest, is normally 7–15 mmHg for a supine adult. Changes in ICP are attributed to volume changes in one or more of the constituents contained in the cranium. Intracranial hypertension, commonly abbreviated IH, IICP or raised ICP, is elevation of the pressure in the cranium. ICP is normally 7–15 mm Hg; at 20–25 mm Hg, the upper limit of normal, treatment to reduce ICP may be needed.