EMISSIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES Atmosphere Climate
... Purpose: This indicator measures the emissions of the six main GHGs which have a direct impact on climate change, less the removal of the main GHG CO2 through sequestration as a result of land-use change and forestry activities. (b) Relevance to Sustainable/ Unsustainable Development (theme/sub-them ...
... Purpose: This indicator measures the emissions of the six main GHGs which have a direct impact on climate change, less the removal of the main GHG CO2 through sequestration as a result of land-use change and forestry activities. (b) Relevance to Sustainable/ Unsustainable Development (theme/sub-them ...
Modelling - Eneris Consulting
... was the adaptation of one of the technologies that support CIAS to cater for models which carry out optimisation routines. This required some imaginative thinking, but the hurdle has been crossed. In what areas are you hoping to develop your research efforts in the near future? ML: As regards techno ...
... was the adaptation of one of the technologies that support CIAS to cater for models which carry out optimisation routines. This required some imaginative thinking, but the hurdle has been crossed. In what areas are you hoping to develop your research efforts in the near future? ML: As regards techno ...
Climate Sensitivity - UW Atmospheric Sciences
... No two of these are known with enough precision to usefully constrain uncertainty in the third, with the data available, although it is possible to fit the observations with fair precision using even a simple model. ...
... No two of these are known with enough precision to usefully constrain uncertainty in the third, with the data available, although it is possible to fit the observations with fair precision using even a simple model. ...
Reducing energy demand: the imperative for behavioural change
... CSIRO has developed a range of social processes for engaging communities on issues around climate mitigation. The choice of process depends on the audience and topic. With climate change mitigation, the four main audience groups are: ✽✽ influential stakeholders, such as politicians, media, NGOs, chi ...
... CSIRO has developed a range of social processes for engaging communities on issues around climate mitigation. The choice of process depends on the audience and topic. With climate change mitigation, the four main audience groups are: ✽✽ influential stakeholders, such as politicians, media, NGOs, chi ...
Introduction - San Jose State University
... Imagine the Earth was to warm for some reason (initiating mechanism or perturbation) A) Identify two positive feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. B) Identify two negative feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. ...
... Imagine the Earth was to warm for some reason (initiating mechanism or perturbation) A) Identify two positive feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. B) Identify two negative feedbacks that would influence the earth’s climate and explain how each one works. ...
Uncertainty and Discounting
... Effective Discount rate r=1% is determined by smaller discount rate Reason: large discount rate heavily discounts future benefits such that ...
... Effective Discount rate r=1% is determined by smaller discount rate Reason: large discount rate heavily discounts future benefits such that ...
Slide 1 - University of Washington
... Payne, J. T., A. W. Wood, A. F. Hamlet, R. N. Palmer, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2004. Mitigating the effects of climate change on the water resources of the Columbia River basin. Climatic Change 62:233-256. NW Power and Conservation Council, 2007, Effects of Climate Change on the Hydroelectric System, ...
... Payne, J. T., A. W. Wood, A. F. Hamlet, R. N. Palmer, and D. P. Lettenmaier. 2004. Mitigating the effects of climate change on the water resources of the Columbia River basin. Climatic Change 62:233-256. NW Power and Conservation Council, 2007, Effects of Climate Change on the Hydroelectric System, ...
Good Enough Climate Governance
... (UNFCCC) is the original treaty under which most climate negotiations fall. There are 196 parties to the UNFCCC, and they meet annually through the Conference of the Parties (COP). However, this treaty did not include legally binding emissions reductions, only a general commitment to avoid “dangerou ...
... (UNFCCC) is the original treaty under which most climate negotiations fall. There are 196 parties to the UNFCCC, and they meet annually through the Conference of the Parties (COP). However, this treaty did not include legally binding emissions reductions, only a general commitment to avoid “dangerou ...
Only $1 Trillion: Annual Investment Goal Puts Climate Solutions Within Reach
... A two-year-old number is changing the way governments, companies and investors approach the fight against climate change: $1 trillion. That is roughly the amount of additional investment needed worldwide each year for the next 36 years to stave off the worst effects of global warming and keep the Ea ...
... A two-year-old number is changing the way governments, companies and investors approach the fight against climate change: $1 trillion. That is roughly the amount of additional investment needed worldwide each year for the next 36 years to stave off the worst effects of global warming and keep the Ea ...
MET606-Sp10-Desai - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... As CO2 is an environmental toxicant, it requires that we move away from a carbon-energy economy immediately. - Principle: Anthropogenic climate destabilization is a significant threat to ecosystems and human civilizations. Sustainable development must aim to minimize climate damage. - Practice: Adop ...
... As CO2 is an environmental toxicant, it requires that we move away from a carbon-energy economy immediately. - Principle: Anthropogenic climate destabilization is a significant threat to ecosystems and human civilizations. Sustainable development must aim to minimize climate damage. - Practice: Adop ...
A Unified Approach to Address Water-Climate Related Issues
... village, town, district, province, national and supra-national levels. The cooperative efforts should be accelerated by scientists and practitioners to improve future projections of climate and to reduce the uncertainties for sound decision-making, balanced planning and implementation. An effective ...
... village, town, district, province, national and supra-national levels. The cooperative efforts should be accelerated by scientists and practitioners to improve future projections of climate and to reduce the uncertainties for sound decision-making, balanced planning and implementation. An effective ...
The Continuing Demise of Global Warming Alarmism
... My conclusion then was that human activity resulting in increased CO2 in the atmosphere does not explain changes in the earth's climate. The conclusion was backed up by more than 125 technical references. Over the last few years many more technical reports have been written on the topic of "Global W ...
... My conclusion then was that human activity resulting in increased CO2 in the atmosphere does not explain changes in the earth's climate. The conclusion was backed up by more than 125 technical references. Over the last few years many more technical reports have been written on the topic of "Global W ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A Global Concern
... exposure, as extreme events such as storms, landslides, avalanches, and rockfalls are expected to become more common and more intense in mountain areas, threatening both livelihoods and infrastructure. Hazards cannot be prevented, but mountain regions can be supported in managing the risks emanating ...
... exposure, as extreme events such as storms, landslides, avalanches, and rockfalls are expected to become more common and more intense in mountain areas, threatening both livelihoods and infrastructure. Hazards cannot be prevented, but mountain regions can be supported in managing the risks emanating ...
Slide 1
... for 2040-2060 are retrieved from the CCCma GCM results: one set reflecting climate change, one without climate change. GCM modeled data is used to alter SWAT input which is used as a representation of 2050 climate. ...
... for 2040-2060 are retrieved from the CCCma GCM results: one set reflecting climate change, one without climate change. GCM modeled data is used to alter SWAT input which is used as a representation of 2050 climate. ...
Fact: Fiction: More info:
... those from the US, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere today that came from China equals the amount that came from the US. We can put more money into research and come up with engineering solutions to climate change without having to change our lifestyles. There is nothing we can person ...
... those from the US, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere today that came from China equals the amount that came from the US. We can put more money into research and come up with engineering solutions to climate change without having to change our lifestyles. There is nothing we can person ...
Climate Change in Hertfordshire
... pattern of energy use in local areas, to enable local authorities and regional bodies to target activity more effectively” ...
... pattern of energy use in local areas, to enable local authorities and regional bodies to target activity more effectively” ...
Case Study – Denver, CO How to Get Started on
... ‣ What is best for your agency in terms of engagement of decision makers and stakeholders? The reality is that these types of studies can generate challenges for planning, and ongoing public struggles related to policies and expectations. A vulnerability assessment, because it does focus on challeng ...
... ‣ What is best for your agency in terms of engagement of decision makers and stakeholders? The reality is that these types of studies can generate challenges for planning, and ongoing public struggles related to policies and expectations. A vulnerability assessment, because it does focus on challeng ...
1 the characteristics of climatic and weather system
... contribute to a warm summer day? It may, however global climate change is actually much more complicated than that because a change in the temperature can cause changes in other weather elements such as clouds or precipitation. ...
... contribute to a warm summer day? It may, however global climate change is actually much more complicated than that because a change in the temperature can cause changes in other weather elements such as clouds or precipitation. ...
PDF
... some time. A prominent early example is Nordhaus (1991). Cost-benefit analysis is probably the most appropriate tool available in this context, but it suffers from two key drawbacks. From a national perspective, the costs of mitigation are relatively easily estimated, but benefits are not, because t ...
... some time. A prominent early example is Nordhaus (1991). Cost-benefit analysis is probably the most appropriate tool available in this context, but it suffers from two key drawbacks. From a national perspective, the costs of mitigation are relatively easily estimated, but benefits are not, because t ...
adverse scenario - Louis Bachelier
... • An opportunity for financing the transition to low-carbon economy Early transition is preferable Sustainability in the EU 2020 competitiveness agenda To reduce (foreign) energy needs, EU can take lead in green solutions Examples recycling (50% share of world market) and energy efficiency ( ...
... • An opportunity for financing the transition to low-carbon economy Early transition is preferable Sustainability in the EU 2020 competitiveness agenda To reduce (foreign) energy needs, EU can take lead in green solutions Examples recycling (50% share of world market) and energy efficiency ( ...
Ecuador`s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
... with oneself, with the rest of the community, with different cultures and with nature. It was under this premise that Ecuador established, by referendum, a new constitution in 2008 in Montecristi, which has been without a doubt a crucial step to addressing national and global issues. Our Constitutio ...
... with oneself, with the rest of the community, with different cultures and with nature. It was under this premise that Ecuador established, by referendum, a new constitution in 2008 in Montecristi, which has been without a doubt a crucial step to addressing national and global issues. Our Constitutio ...
Lesson 7 - Climate Change - Hitchcock
... • Certain gases, called greenhouse gases, warm the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere by a process called the greenhouse effect. • In this process, greenhouse gases absorb and radiate energy as heat back to Earth. Without these gases, Earth would be colder. • Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxid ...
... • Certain gases, called greenhouse gases, warm the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere by a process called the greenhouse effect. • In this process, greenhouse gases absorb and radiate energy as heat back to Earth. Without these gases, Earth would be colder. • Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxid ...
Nothing But the Facts on Green Building, Density and Climate Change
... • Street patterns and pedestrian-oriented design have a weak impact on auto use; they have a bigger impact on walking and bicycling • Transit availability has a small impact on auto use • Massive investments in new rail lines would be required to substantially increase ridership • Other features of ...
... • Street patterns and pedestrian-oriented design have a weak impact on auto use; they have a bigger impact on walking and bicycling • Transit availability has a small impact on auto use • Massive investments in new rail lines would be required to substantially increase ridership • Other features of ...
Climate change is a natural cycle. The globe has
... Humans have only been trying to measure the temperature fairly consistently since about 1880, during which time we think the world may have warmed by about +0.6 °C ± 0.2 °C. The estimate of warming is less than the error margin on our ability to take the Earth's temperature, generally given as 14 ° ...
... Humans have only been trying to measure the temperature fairly consistently since about 1880, during which time we think the world may have warmed by about +0.6 °C ± 0.2 °C. The estimate of warming is less than the error margin on our ability to take the Earth's temperature, generally given as 14 ° ...
National Academies of Science - Chester County Citizens for
... • Overwhelming scientific consensus • All US scientific agencies & IPCC agree ...
... • Overwhelming scientific consensus • All US scientific agencies & IPCC agree ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.