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Zurich`s emerging markets unit provides political risk insurance for
Zurich`s emerging markets unit provides political risk insurance for

... credit insurance in emerging markets, today announced it is providing political risk insurance (PRI) for carbon credit projects. This is the first time Zurich has offered coverage for these types of “green” projects in emerging markets, reflecting the Group’s recently launched global climate initiat ...
What is Climate Change?
What is Climate Change?

... from the tropics and might result in parts of North America and Europe becoming relatively cooler. Even if this were to occur, it would take many years or decades because oceans move heat and cold much more slowly than the atmosphere. (Some ocean changes, however, such as the periodic warming of Pac ...
Evaluating Potential Impacts of Climate Change on
Evaluating Potential Impacts of Climate Change on

... will be more vulnerable to climate change due to their economic, climatic and geographic settings. Climate changes alter regional hydrologic conditions and results in a variety of impacts on water resource systems. Such hydrologic changes will affect almost every aspect of human well-being. The e ...


... Considering the climatic indicators of Central Hungarian grape growing region we can state that in middle or even in long term with the increasing values of the temperature indices (effective degree days, Huglin Index) besides early and medium ripening varieties some late varieties can be introduced ...
Export To Word
Export To Word

... This informational text resource is intended to support reading in the content area. Did you know that climate has two not-sonice children? Meet El Niño and La Niña, the "boy" and "girl" Climate's Troublesome Kids spawned by the global climate every 3-7 years. They can give the world a climate that' ...
Methane and climate change - Environmental Change Institute
Methane and climate change - Environmental Change Institute

... emissions is that of emissions trading through the IET. Emissions trading involves the trading of permits to emit greenhouse as if they were conventional commodities such as gold or oil. It allows emissions reductions to be achieved at minimal cost to the economy, by allowing overemission from those ...
a. How does Earth stay warm and comfortable in
a. How does Earth stay warm and comfortable in

... Most countries in the world have ratified treaties to deal with climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol constitute two important instruments. Both recognise that climate change imply common but differentiated responsibilities. However there is ...
Changes on the horizon - Kachemak Heritage Land Trust
Changes on the horizon - Kachemak Heritage Land Trust

... “There are three basic scenarios,” says Andy Pitz. “In the first, greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere just continue to grow, in which case the climate will always be changing. Or levels could grow then stabilize at some higher plateau. But even after we reach that point, there will still be a ve ...
07_CC_Causes_I_Sahlmann - Potsdam Institute for Climate
07_CC_Causes_I_Sahlmann - Potsdam Institute for Climate

... Green-House Effect ...
climate change
climate change

... short-term time scales (seasonal, annual, decadal), while climate change refers to movements in climate averages over decades or longer which differ from historical environmental conditions. Scientists from the CSIRO, Bureau of Meteorology, and other institutions around the world caution that humani ...
Rosemary_Biodiversity - University of Western Cape
Rosemary_Biodiversity - University of Western Cape

... Increase flooding and other natural disasters Increase in size and number of glacial lakes Increase in landslides Changes in water quality and thermal stratification of rivers and ...
Should We Have Acted Thirty Years Ago to Prevent Global Climate
Should We Have Acted Thirty Years Ago to Prevent Global Climate

... sunlight onto the earth. A Russian engineer proposed launching potassium dust into orbit to give the earth a ring like Saturn’s that would reflect more sunlight onto the planet. Thus, the problem of global cooling being widely acknowledged, many suggestions of technical methods to deal with it came ...
Ice Ages and Climate Change - Florida Atlantic University
Ice Ages and Climate Change - Florida Atlantic University

CLIMATE CHANGE MATTERS
CLIMATE CHANGE MATTERS

... and 29 October to ensure that their member delegations are well briefed and prepared for the upcoming UNFCCC COP 21, to be held in Paris from 30 November to 11 December . For the full article: Click here ...
Report in Brief
Report in Brief

... produce and use energy and other resources in the decades ahead, making it difficult to project future greenhouse gas emissions. Certain Earth system processes—such as ice ...
Protecting the Atmosphere
Protecting the Atmosphere

... Stratospheric ozone protects living things from exposure to harmful levels of ultraviolet (UVB) radiation. High UVB levels can increase the risk of cancer, cataracts, and impaired immune function in humans and other animals and reduce crop yields, lower ocean productivity, and disrupt terrestrial ec ...
Title , description of the topic, reasons why the topic is timely
Title , description of the topic, reasons why the topic is timely

... overtaking US as the world’s top CO2 emitter in 2007. China has begun to take more responsibility for mitigating GHG emissions including reducing GHG emissions by energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy development. The fact that China has been the largest carbon seller under the CDM sin ...
Scott Pruitt, Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Scott Pruitt, Administrator U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

... As scientists who study the Earth's climate system, we are deeply troubled by your recent statement that there is “tremendous disagreement” about whether carbon dioxide from human activities is “a primary contributor to the global warming that we see.” This statement is incorrect. In fact, we know w ...
offsets
offsets

... offsets are receiving a fair share of the purported amount used to pay for the carbon and their investment is not being siphoned off to administration or other fees. When contributing to a charity most donors insist on this criteria. The same applies to offsets. Gilles Corre, director of Evolution M ...
This snapshot shows the ocean currents at a depth of 75 meters, as
This snapshot shows the ocean currents at a depth of 75 meters, as

... Atlantic Ridge array ...
REPORT ON NEW ZEALAND`S VIEWS ON THE POSSIBLE
REPORT ON NEW ZEALAND`S VIEWS ON THE POSSIBLE

... NOTING that despite Pacific Island countries’ low greenhouse gas emissions, they are taking significant steps towards reducing their reliance on fossil fuel, with its detrimental economic and environmental consequences; RECOGNISING the importance of retaining the Pacific’s social and cultural identi ...
POST 121 a - Parliament UK
POST 121 a - Parliament UK

... POST Report Summary ...
Syllabus ES 490 spring 2015
Syllabus ES 490 spring 2015

... toward analyzing those problems, discovering solutions to them, and being civically engaged in making a better world. The senior thesis is an opportunity to articulate how an environmental problem can be effectively responded to. CLIMATE CHANGE While students will be writing their own independent se ...
order form
order form

... Reducing South East England’s Ecological Footprint a route map. Booklet Winchester in 2010: 100 months of progress towards limiting climate change vision of the future by WinACC Science and Technology Advisory Panel Stickers Footprintfriends.com Exercise Where’s the Impact – needs a group with time ...
Long-term climate goals Decarbonisation, carbon
Long-term climate goals Decarbonisation, carbon

... warm the climate, such as black carbon, can contribute to slowing the rate of near-term warming.10 However, there is currently no agreed method for calculating GWPs for many of these substances.11 Additional immediate action to address emissions of these substances is to be encouraged (see below, Sh ...
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Climate engineering



Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.
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