The Stern Review - Productivity Commission
... Estimating climate change damage costs The Review’s approach to analysing the impacts of climate change is twofold. 1. It engages in a lengthy qualitative discussion of the impacts of climate change on water availability, sea levels, biodiversity, food production and human health. No monetary values ...
... Estimating climate change damage costs The Review’s approach to analysing the impacts of climate change is twofold. 1. It engages in a lengthy qualitative discussion of the impacts of climate change on water availability, sea levels, biodiversity, food production and human health. No monetary values ...
Climate change scenarios
... This project has identified key adapations that may be necessary to be offset the impacts of climate change in the agricultural industry. It has focussed on the responses for single crops, which have been chosen to represent economically important production systems in England and Wales. The commodi ...
... This project has identified key adapations that may be necessary to be offset the impacts of climate change in the agricultural industry. It has focussed on the responses for single crops, which have been chosen to represent economically important production systems in England and Wales. The commodi ...
Compounds, creativity and complexity in climate change
... debate). We advocate here an ecological study of compounds as part of ecolinguistics. Evolutionary ecology studies how organisms evolve and adapt in interaction with their environments, or more radically, how organisms co-evolve with their environments. The evolutionary ecology of compounds would si ...
... debate). We advocate here an ecological study of compounds as part of ecolinguistics. Evolutionary ecology studies how organisms evolve and adapt in interaction with their environments, or more radically, how organisms co-evolve with their environments. The evolutionary ecology of compounds would si ...
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... of climate change on national agricultural markets. Such redistribution, however, will alter land use and environmental quality. Key findings (with ranges expressed across different climate scenarios) include: • National acreage changes when farmers adapt are relatively small across climate change s ...
... of climate change on national agricultural markets. Such redistribution, however, will alter land use and environmental quality. Key findings (with ranges expressed across different climate scenarios) include: • National acreage changes when farmers adapt are relatively small across climate change s ...
The Global “Disappearing Act”: How Island States Can Maintain
... Report includes degrees of certainty of this evidence, ranging from very low to very high, which are based on type, quality, amount, and consistency of evidence. 33 The findings released by the Report— which suggest that climate change is a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions, due in large ...
... Report includes degrees of certainty of this evidence, ranging from very low to very high, which are based on type, quality, amount, and consistency of evidence. 33 The findings released by the Report— which suggest that climate change is a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions, due in large ...
Carbon and Climate System Coupling on Timescales from
... CO2 , CH4 , and other radiative gases (N2 O, chlorofluorocarbons) arises because they can absorb radiation in those windows. As atmospheric CO2 levels grow, CO2 absorption begins to saturate specific bands, increasing the mean elevation at which infrared radiation can escape to space. Because the atmo ...
... CO2 , CH4 , and other radiative gases (N2 O, chlorofluorocarbons) arises because they can absorb radiation in those windows. As atmospheric CO2 levels grow, CO2 absorption begins to saturate specific bands, increasing the mean elevation at which infrared radiation can escape to space. Because the atmo ...
Fertilizers, Climate Change and Enhancing Agricultural Productivity
... technology online. In the meantime, wider uptake of Best Practice Technologies (BPTs) can help improve the average performance of existing production sites. For example, new catalytic technology for the nitric acid sector provides significant potential for reducing the fertilizer industry’s N2O emis ...
... technology online. In the meantime, wider uptake of Best Practice Technologies (BPTs) can help improve the average performance of existing production sites. For example, new catalytic technology for the nitric acid sector provides significant potential for reducing the fertilizer industry’s N2O emis ...
Climate Change and Ontario`s Provincial Parks
... of climate change impacts (e.g., changes in ecosystem composition, structure, and function as well as increased forest fire severity) were identified as potentially significant for Ontario Parks’ policy, planning, and management frameworks. While the literature review and the models described in this r ...
... of climate change impacts (e.g., changes in ecosystem composition, structure, and function as well as increased forest fire severity) were identified as potentially significant for Ontario Parks’ policy, planning, and management frameworks. While the literature review and the models described in this r ...
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... waterfowl habitat will be confined to the northern and eastern parts of the PPR. None of these studies included economic considerations. An exception is two studies by Withey and van Kooten (2011, 2013), who extended van Kooten, Withey, and Wong’s (2011) bioeconomic (optimal control) model to consid ...
... waterfowl habitat will be confined to the northern and eastern parts of the PPR. None of these studies included economic considerations. An exception is two studies by Withey and van Kooten (2011, 2013), who extended van Kooten, Withey, and Wong’s (2011) bioeconomic (optimal control) model to consid ...
Climate Change and Ontario`s Provincial Parks: Towards an
... of climate change impacts (e.g., changes in ecosystem composition, structure, and function as well as increased forest fire severity) were identified as potentially significant for Ontario Parks’ policy, planning, and management frameworks. While the literature review and the models described in this r ...
... of climate change impacts (e.g., changes in ecosystem composition, structure, and function as well as increased forest fire severity) were identified as potentially significant for Ontario Parks’ policy, planning, and management frameworks. While the literature review and the models described in this r ...
3 Mapping Security Implications of Climate Change
... climate change effects (see Carius et al. 2007). However, this does not mean that developed countries will not be impacted by climate change. Indeed, the challenge of environmental change affects all nations, no matter how industrialized. In fact, in some ways, industrialized nations are particularl ...
... climate change effects (see Carius et al. 2007). However, this does not mean that developed countries will not be impacted by climate change. Indeed, the challenge of environmental change affects all nations, no matter how industrialized. In fact, in some ways, industrialized nations are particularl ...
Experiment Earth?
... need to be given data on the efficacy, costs and side effects of any technologies that are researched, as such information becomes available, so they can give or withdraw support. How can it be regulated / done fairly? Where geoengineering would affect international resources and systems, participan ...
... need to be given data on the efficacy, costs and side effects of any technologies that are researched, as such information becomes available, so they can give or withdraw support. How can it be regulated / done fairly? Where geoengineering would affect international resources and systems, participan ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas emissions: the science and economics of future paths for global annual emissions (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... global emissions reductions after 2020. Therefore, an upper bound for annual emissions in 2020 of 48 Gt CO2e would be more prudent. Further, our analysis suggests that it would now be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 g ...
... global emissions reductions after 2020. Therefore, an upper bound for annual emissions in 2020 of 48 Gt CO2e would be more prudent. Further, our analysis suggests that it would now be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 g ...
Sector Study: Agriculture and Natural Resources Building
... necessary, should be delinked from production parameters. Mitigation should be strengthened through innovation and extension for low-carbon agricultural practices, including agroforestry, conservation tillage, and alternative crop rotations. Forest management and protection of conservation areas sho ...
... necessary, should be delinked from production parameters. Mitigation should be strengthened through innovation and extension for low-carbon agricultural practices, including agroforestry, conservation tillage, and alternative crop rotations. Forest management and protection of conservation areas sho ...
The economics of climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean
... consequences are coupled with uneven, asymmetrical impacts on different regions, countries and socioeconomic groups, with those that have contributed the least to global warming often being the hardest-hit. As part of this picture, Latin America and the Caribbean has historically made no more than a ...
... consequences are coupled with uneven, asymmetrical impacts on different regions, countries and socioeconomic groups, with those that have contributed the least to global warming often being the hardest-hit. As part of this picture, Latin America and the Caribbean has historically made no more than a ...
8. equal per capita entitlements
... Parties” (UNFCCC 2002). Second, per capita indicators are often used in policy debates relating to the timing of commitments to be taken by countries. For example, a per capita emissions indicator could be used to define a threshold for initiating developing-country participation into an emission co ...
... Parties” (UNFCCC 2002). Second, per capita indicators are often used in policy debates relating to the timing of commitments to be taken by countries. For example, a per capita emissions indicator could be used to define a threshold for initiating developing-country participation into an emission co ...
Coping with Climate Change among Adolescents: Implications for
... mature than children and also have gained some freedom from their parents despite still living at home. Therefore, perhaps the relation between problem-focused coping and well-being is different in this group. On the other hand, adolescents are probably better able to grasp the complexity of the cli ...
... mature than children and also have gained some freedom from their parents despite still living at home. Therefore, perhaps the relation between problem-focused coping and well-being is different in this group. On the other hand, adolescents are probably better able to grasp the complexity of the cli ...
Mitigating climate change through reductions in greenhouse gas
... global emissions reductions after 2020. Therefore, an upper bound for annual emissions in 2020 of 48 Gt CO2e would be more prudent. Further, our analysis suggests that it would now be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 g ...
... global emissions reductions after 2020. Therefore, an upper bound for annual emissions in 2020 of 48 Gt CO2e would be more prudent. Further, our analysis suggests that it would now be politically unfeasible and probably prohibitively expensive to reduce annual global emissions to much less than 40 g ...
Quantifying the impacts of climate-driven flood risk changes and risk
... perception bias of buyers who operate in the market. This research focusses on these subjects affecting coastal urban property values and are reflected in the research objective: “To quantify the impacts of climate change, and the effect of the associated flood risks and risk perception bias on coas ...
... perception bias of buyers who operate in the market. This research focusses on these subjects affecting coastal urban property values and are reflected in the research objective: “To quantify the impacts of climate change, and the effect of the associated flood risks and risk perception bias on coas ...
Warming the world : economic models of global
... political marketplace of the world’s democracies and oligarchies? Natural scientists have pondered many of the scientific questions associated with greenhouse warming for a century. But the economic, political, and institutional issues have only begun to be considered over the last decade. The intel ...
... political marketplace of the world’s democracies and oligarchies? Natural scientists have pondered many of the scientific questions associated with greenhouse warming for a century. But the economic, political, and institutional issues have only begun to be considered over the last decade. The intel ...
Riparian Ecosystems in the 21st Century: Hotspots for Climate
... Climate change has had, and increasingly will have, a significant influence on the world’s natural ecosystems, their species, and the functions, goods and services that they provide (Hulme 2005). For some highly vulnerable species and ecosystems, persistence may depend on the success of global mitig ...
... Climate change has had, and increasingly will have, a significant influence on the world’s natural ecosystems, their species, and the functions, goods and services that they provide (Hulme 2005). For some highly vulnerable species and ecosystems, persistence may depend on the success of global mitig ...
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... SSA. Positive effects include increased rainfall in the Sahel (the zone south of the Sahara desert), which has contributed to the regreening of the region (Olsson, Eklundh, and Ardö 2005), and the potential for increasing precipitation in eastern Africa. The increasing vegetation is due to the incre ...
... SSA. Positive effects include increased rainfall in the Sahel (the zone south of the Sahara desert), which has contributed to the regreening of the region (Olsson, Eklundh, and Ardö 2005), and the potential for increasing precipitation in eastern Africa. The increasing vegetation is due to the incre ...
The colour of climate: changes in peat
... Peat has been used as an archive for climate variations for over a hundred years. Scandinavian peatlands provided the basis for the first Holocene climatostratigraphy (Chambers and Charman, 2004). The climate periods of the Holocene (Blytt, 1876; Sernander, 1908), which have become known as the Blytt ...
... Peat has been used as an archive for climate variations for over a hundred years. Scandinavian peatlands provided the basis for the first Holocene climatostratigraphy (Chambers and Charman, 2004). The climate periods of the Holocene (Blytt, 1876; Sernander, 1908), which have become known as the Blytt ...
Loss and Damage: The Role of Ecosystem Services
... and increased glacial runoff combine to worsen flood events. In the Sahel region, temperature increase, rainfall variability, and decreases in rainfall in some areas have led to crop losses and the decline of one of the world’s largest inland lakes, Lake Chad. The case studies show that causal links ...
... and increased glacial runoff combine to worsen flood events. In the Sahel region, temperature increase, rainfall variability, and decreases in rainfall in some areas have led to crop losses and the decline of one of the world’s largest inland lakes, Lake Chad. The case studies show that causal links ...
Marginal abatement cost curves for policy making
... dependency of the technological structure. For example, in such a curve it is not possible to integrate a low-carbon technology (e.g. coal carbon capture and storage) that is responsible for emission abatement at low cost levels but is replaced at higher cost by a zero-carbon technology. In addition ...
... dependency of the technological structure. For example, in such a curve it is not possible to integrate a low-carbon technology (e.g. coal carbon capture and storage) that is responsible for emission abatement at low cost levels but is replaced at higher cost by a zero-carbon technology. In addition ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.