Management of Federally Owned Grasslands in the Climate Change
... forests, cascading waterfalls, or roaring rivers, but of grasslands. Scenic vistas and wildlife viewing opportunities await those who visit the National Grasslands administered by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) or the grasslands found in the national parks or wildlife refuges or on the remaining pub ...
... forests, cascading waterfalls, or roaring rivers, but of grasslands. Scenic vistas and wildlife viewing opportunities await those who visit the National Grasslands administered by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) or the grasslands found in the national parks or wildlife refuges or on the remaining pub ...
Developing and Applying Scenarios
... 40 ppb in 2000 to more than 70 ppb in 2100 under the highest illustrative SRES emissions scenarios. Estimates of CO2 concentration range from 478 to 1099 ppm by 2100, accounting for the range of SRES emissions and uncertainties about the carbon cycle. This range of implied radiative forcing gives ri ...
... 40 ppb in 2000 to more than 70 ppb in 2100 under the highest illustrative SRES emissions scenarios. Estimates of CO2 concentration range from 478 to 1099 ppm by 2100, accounting for the range of SRES emissions and uncertainties about the carbon cycle. This range of implied radiative forcing gives ri ...
DOC - unece
... Adaptation to climate change is consequently indispensable and urgent since there are already changed climate parameters and mitigation will take too long to show effects thus further degree of climate change is inevitable throughout this century and beyond even if global mitigation efforts prove su ...
... Adaptation to climate change is consequently indispensable and urgent since there are already changed climate parameters and mitigation will take too long to show effects thus further degree of climate change is inevitable throughout this century and beyond even if global mitigation efforts prove su ...
(2012) Blue Carbon Policy Framework 2.0
... Many natural environments contain large stores of carbon laid down by vegetation and other natural processes over centuries. The storage of carbon is the consequence of the capacity of those ecosystems to act as a net carbon sink over very long periods of time. If these ecosystems are degraded or da ...
... Many natural environments contain large stores of carbon laid down by vegetation and other natural processes over centuries. The storage of carbon is the consequence of the capacity of those ecosystems to act as a net carbon sink over very long periods of time. If these ecosystems are degraded or da ...
Full Report (PDF)
... there is a need to be able to adapt to the extreme varying weather conditions that are projected. It will be necessary for farms to adopt both environmentally and economically sustainable practices in the somewhat near future in order to maintain their farms and there war of life. The dairy industry ...
... there is a need to be able to adapt to the extreme varying weather conditions that are projected. It will be necessary for farms to adopt both environmentally and economically sustainable practices in the somewhat near future in order to maintain their farms and there war of life. The dairy industry ...
Sean B. Hecht - UCLA Law Review
... developing these institutions and practices. But climate change poses an unprecedented challenge to the insurance industry, because factors such as increasing uncertainty and the potential for highly correlated losses will make it difficult to insure against climate change-related risks and will str ...
... developing these institutions and practices. But climate change poses an unprecedented challenge to the insurance industry, because factors such as increasing uncertainty and the potential for highly correlated losses will make it difficult to insure against climate change-related risks and will str ...
prospects and pitfalls of the kyoto protocol to the united nations
... to eschew any options which might seriously damage the US economy or which exempted developing countries from accepting specific GHG reduction commitments.7 In accordance with the Howard Government’s broader foreign policy agenda, Australia has effectively tied itself to the US position, largely in ...
... to eschew any options which might seriously damage the US economy or which exempted developing countries from accepting specific GHG reduction commitments.7 In accordance with the Howard Government’s broader foreign policy agenda, Australia has effectively tied itself to the US position, largely in ...
rosenberg_stormwater_cc_jan10 - UW Hydro
... subject to the effects of a changing climate. We do not consider trends in these phenomena, which are relatively unimportant in the lowland urban areas that are the focus of our study. Nor do we consider changing patterns of development, which may also considerably impact runoff magnitudes but are n ...
... subject to the effects of a changing climate. We do not consider trends in these phenomena, which are relatively unimportant in the lowland urban areas that are the focus of our study. Nor do we consider changing patterns of development, which may also considerably impact runoff magnitudes but are n ...
Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay
... between water temperature in the Bay and regional atmospheric and oceanic temperature at time scales ranging from monthly to decadal (e.g., Cronin et al., 2003; Preston, 2004). It is therefore very likely that the regional temperature projections made from climate models can be accurately applied to ...
... between water temperature in the Bay and regional atmospheric and oceanic temperature at time scales ranging from monthly to decadal (e.g., Cronin et al., 2003; Preston, 2004). It is therefore very likely that the regional temperature projections made from climate models can be accurately applied to ...
Total aerosol effect: radiative forcing or radiative flux perturbation?
... These conclusions are similar to those that have arisen in aerosol modelling, where it also seems desirable to treat “fast feedbacks” as part of the forcing. We note that the regression method may be useful for the evaluation of aerosol forcings in atmospheric models, but it also requires a mixed-la ...
... These conclusions are similar to those that have arisen in aerosol modelling, where it also seems desirable to treat “fast feedbacks” as part of the forcing. We note that the regression method may be useful for the evaluation of aerosol forcings in atmospheric models, but it also requires a mixed-la ...
Technical note on science- based targets
... Considering current GHG emissions trends and assuming current policies to mitigate emissions are effective, the world is on a trajectory leading to a 4°C temperature increase above preindustrial levels, which will have adverse effects on the planet. Companies are responsible for a vast majority of w ...
... Considering current GHG emissions trends and assuming current policies to mitigate emissions are effective, the world is on a trajectory leading to a 4°C temperature increase above preindustrial levels, which will have adverse effects on the planet. Companies are responsible for a vast majority of w ...
Suburban Climate Change Efforts: Possibilities for Small and Nimble Cities Participating in State, Regional, National, and International Networks
... tion could help guide models targeted to different types of suburbs. Second, the U.S. Congress and many state legislatures are not likely to pass legislation mandating local emissions reductions or even more comprehensive land use planning in the near term. Although making a case for this legislatio ...
... tion could help guide models targeted to different types of suburbs. Second, the U.S. Congress and many state legislatures are not likely to pass legislation mandating local emissions reductions or even more comprehensive land use planning in the near term. Although making a case for this legislatio ...
Clearing the Air on Oilsands Emissions
... emissions intensity associated with in situ extraction will have the net effect of increasing the industry-wide greenhouse gas emissions intensity.13 4. Lag time between innovation and widespread implementation. It can take years to move from the research and development phase to industry-wide imple ...
... emissions intensity associated with in situ extraction will have the net effect of increasing the industry-wide greenhouse gas emissions intensity.13 4. Lag time between innovation and widespread implementation. It can take years to move from the research and development phase to industry-wide imple ...
The gARNAUT ReVIeW 2011 - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... and that the changes in the physical world are likely, if anything, to be more harmful than the earlier science had suggested. This has led me to shift my judgment about the reputable science from being right ‘on a balance of probabilities’ to ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Chapter 2 focuses on likely a ...
... and that the changes in the physical world are likely, if anything, to be more harmful than the earlier science had suggested. This has led me to shift my judgment about the reputable science from being right ‘on a balance of probabilities’ to ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Chapter 2 focuses on likely a ...
Climate Adaptation Outlook
... The main drivers of adaptation are markets (which can provide price signals and promote disclosure of climate change risks), public attitudes, and governance and regulation. It is also critical to ensure that climate change risks are well understood and clearly allocated to those best placed to mana ...
... The main drivers of adaptation are markets (which can provide price signals and promote disclosure of climate change risks), public attitudes, and governance and regulation. It is also critical to ensure that climate change risks are well understood and clearly allocated to those best placed to mana ...
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable
... of adaptation policies, programs, and measures usually will have immediate benefits, as well as future benefits. Adaptation measures are likely to be implemented only if they are consistent with or integrated with decisions or programs that address nonclimatic stresses. The costs of adaptation often ...
... of adaptation policies, programs, and measures usually will have immediate benefits, as well as future benefits. Adaptation measures are likely to be implemented only if they are consistent with or integrated with decisions or programs that address nonclimatic stresses. The costs of adaptation often ...
- UNDP Climate Change Adaptation
... Institutional and Political Context 8. The Pakistan Framework for Economic Growth (2011) developed by the Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms, highlights the role of climate change in its growth model, proposing to “climate-proof economic growth from the impacts of climate change, paying p ...
... Institutional and Political Context 8. The Pakistan Framework for Economic Growth (2011) developed by the Ministry of Planning, Development and Reforms, highlights the role of climate change in its growth model, proposing to “climate-proof economic growth from the impacts of climate change, paying p ...
Impact of Antarctic Ozone Depletion and Recovery on Southern
... ozone depletion, indicating the combined effects of increasing greenhouse gases and ozone depletion on extratropical precipitation changes. The opposite is generally true in the twenty-first century: models with prescribed ozone recovery show relatively weaker precipitation trends than models with f ...
... ozone depletion, indicating the combined effects of increasing greenhouse gases and ozone depletion on extratropical precipitation changes. The opposite is generally true in the twenty-first century: models with prescribed ozone recovery show relatively weaker precipitation trends than models with f ...
Research
Project
of
Gerard
Cowan
... effect on adaptive capacity and a positive effect on adaptive capacity. In the final stage, an overall colour is given to the entire adaptive capacity of the institution. This ...
... effect on adaptive capacity and a positive effect on adaptive capacity. In the final stage, an overall colour is given to the entire adaptive capacity of the institution. This ...
Sensitivity of burned area in Europe to climate change, atmospheric
... from climate forcing), and human population density (provided as external forcing). A limited set of global parameters were derived by inversion of SIMFIRE against global multiyear satellite-observed burned area [Knorr et al., 2014]. When using only European burned area data for the optimization, it ...
... from climate forcing), and human population density (provided as external forcing). A limited set of global parameters were derived by inversion of SIMFIRE against global multiyear satellite-observed burned area [Knorr et al., 2014]. When using only European burned area data for the optimization, it ...
Synthesis of Climate Change and Transportation Research Efforts at
... effectiveness or implementation of specific policies to achieve mitigation or adaptation goals. Practitioneroriented research is geared to aid transportation practitioners in the implementation of mitigation or adaptation strategies. Data, models and tools include both developing parameters for tran ...
... effectiveness or implementation of specific policies to achieve mitigation or adaptation goals. Practitioneroriented research is geared to aid transportation practitioners in the implementation of mitigation or adaptation strategies. Data, models and tools include both developing parameters for tran ...
Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Call for Action
... will increase hunger and malnutrition, and worsen the living conditions of rural communities that are wholly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Superimposing this on a future scenario where the world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050 brings about a worrisome situ ...
... will increase hunger and malnutrition, and worsen the living conditions of rural communities that are wholly dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Superimposing this on a future scenario where the world’s population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050 brings about a worrisome situ ...
11. Minutes of the 11th meeting
... leave many open questions. BdY reflected on how ICES and PICES actually deal with very similar issues but in an uncoordinated manner, and whether GLOBEC could be the glue between the two. SS supported this, exemplified by his concern that the concept of regime shifts may be understood differently ...
... leave many open questions. BdY reflected on how ICES and PICES actually deal with very similar issues but in an uncoordinated manner, and whether GLOBEC could be the glue between the two. SS supported this, exemplified by his concern that the concept of regime shifts may be understood differently ...
PDF
... Canada is a major breeding ground for the Pacific, Central, Mississippi and Atlantic flyways. In most North American studies of migratory waterfowl, the focus is on the value of waterfowl to U.S. hunters (e.g., Johnson et al. 1997). Neglected in studies of migratory waterfowl is the importance of wa ...
... Canada is a major breeding ground for the Pacific, Central, Mississippi and Atlantic flyways. In most North American studies of migratory waterfowl, the focus is on the value of waterfowl to U.S. hunters (e.g., Johnson et al. 1997). Neglected in studies of migratory waterfowl is the importance of wa ...
Aalborg Universitet Climate for Change? Wejs, Anja
... and these vertical meltwater channels appeared increasingly each year. Experts had told them it was caused by climate change, although for me at the time it provided an exciting experience rather than an insight into the natural as well as social issues related to the phenomenon. Ten years later in ...
... and these vertical meltwater channels appeared increasingly each year. Experts had told them it was caused by climate change, although for me at the time it provided an exciting experience rather than an insight into the natural as well as social issues related to the phenomenon. Ten years later in ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.