Introduction. Pliocene climate, processes and problems
... Valdes 2000). However, it is clear that such an argument is too simplistic, as climate processes operating at the regional scale are capable of overriding globalscale trends (Haywood et al. 2000a). To test these and other ideas Haywood & Valdes (2004), using the HadCM3 GCM, carried out the first full ...
... Valdes 2000). However, it is clear that such an argument is too simplistic, as climate processes operating at the regional scale are capable of overriding globalscale trends (Haywood et al. 2000a). To test these and other ideas Haywood & Valdes (2004), using the HadCM3 GCM, carried out the first full ...
MIGRATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE: AN OVERVIEW 1
... of migration issues in international debates) stated that “Governments are encouraged to consider requests for migration from countries whose existence, according to available scientific evidence, is imminently threatened by global warming and climate change”.18 These early research and policy discu ...
... of migration issues in international debates) stated that “Governments are encouraged to consider requests for migration from countries whose existence, according to available scientific evidence, is imminently threatened by global warming and climate change”.18 These early research and policy discu ...
The role of land carbon sinks in mitigating global
... which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed the developed nations to reducing their aggregate emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% below their emissions in 1990 by 2008-2012. Attempts to pave the way for the ...
... which anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), can be reduced. The 1997 Kyoto Protocol committed the developed nations to reducing their aggregate emissions of greenhouse gases by 5.2% below their emissions in 1990 by 2008-2012. Attempts to pave the way for the ...
Enhancing Agricultural Yields Sierra Leone
... highly likely to be affected. They form over half of the farming population and thus can contribute greatly to economic growth in developing countries where over 70% of the population are farmers and agriculture contributes significantly to GDP shares. But in spite of all these potentials, they are ...
... highly likely to be affected. They form over half of the farming population and thus can contribute greatly to economic growth in developing countries where over 70% of the population are farmers and agriculture contributes significantly to GDP shares. But in spite of all these potentials, they are ...
DRAFT (2/15/2012) – PLEASE DO NOT CITE, QUOTE OR REPRODUCE A M -D
... address a regulatory problem, such as climate change, may be appropriate along one dimension, but not others. A. Normative Considerations for Allocation of Authority Determining the appropriate ways in which to allocate the authority to design and implement government programs, including programs to ...
... address a regulatory problem, such as climate change, may be appropriate along one dimension, but not others. A. Normative Considerations for Allocation of Authority Determining the appropriate ways in which to allocate the authority to design and implement government programs, including programs to ...
First National Communication to UNFCCC
... Communication of the Republic of Tajikistan, which represents the commitment of the Government of Tajikistan and its people to address the issue of climate change. Enormous efforts have been made by many specialists to prepare this First National Communication and National Action Plan for Climate Ch ...
... Communication of the Republic of Tajikistan, which represents the commitment of the Government of Tajikistan and its people to address the issue of climate change. Enormous efforts have been made by many specialists to prepare this First National Communication and National Action Plan for Climate Ch ...
Climate change and natural disasters.
... In recent years, Russia has experienced several extreme weather events that have caused serious incidents. As the number and frequency of these have increased, the cause of these disasters can possibly be traced to the effects of global warming and climate change. Average temperatures in Russia, esp ...
... In recent years, Russia has experienced several extreme weather events that have caused serious incidents. As the number and frequency of these have increased, the cause of these disasters can possibly be traced to the effects of global warming and climate change. Average temperatures in Russia, esp ...
Chapter 12. Human Security - Center for International Earth Science
... This Chapter reviews empirical studies from the social and physical sciences using both quantitative and qualitative data. Some studies examine the interactions between environmental changes and social outcomes. Few explicitly address climate change and human security links, but provide evidence of ...
... This Chapter reviews empirical studies from the social and physical sciences using both quantitative and qualitative data. Some studies examine the interactions between environmental changes and social outcomes. Few explicitly address climate change and human security links, but provide evidence of ...
3/97 - Population Health Sciences
... Founded the Program on Health Effects of Global Environmental Change at JHBSPH, 1996. Co-developed and taught first JHU course on Global Change and Human Health, piloted Spring semester, 1997. The course brings together faculty from Schools of Public Health, Engineering, and Arts and Sciences. Autho ...
... Founded the Program on Health Effects of Global Environmental Change at JHBSPH, 1996. Co-developed and taught first JHU course on Global Change and Human Health, piloted Spring semester, 1997. The course brings together faculty from Schools of Public Health, Engineering, and Arts and Sciences. Autho ...
The Legal and Economic Case Against the Paris Climate Treaty
... without the economic, political, and security costs that staying in the Paris Agreement entails. To safeguard America’s economic future and capacity for self-government, President Trump should pull out of the Paris Agreement. There are several options for doing so, which are discussed in this paper. ...
... without the economic, political, and security costs that staying in the Paris Agreement entails. To safeguard America’s economic future and capacity for self-government, President Trump should pull out of the Paris Agreement. There are several options for doing so, which are discussed in this paper. ...
Corporate Air Quality and Climate Change Strategic Plan
... In 1997 and 2003, Clean Air Hamilton undertook research regarding air pollution and health on Hamiltonians. It has been estimated that five key air pollutants – nitrogen dioxide, ground level ozone, fine particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide -- contribute to approximately 100 prema ...
... In 1997 and 2003, Clean Air Hamilton undertook research regarding air pollution and health on Hamiltonians. It has been estimated that five key air pollutants – nitrogen dioxide, ground level ozone, fine particulate matter, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide -- contribute to approximately 100 prema ...
the effects of climate stability on northern temperate forests
... The Tropical Niche Conservatism hypothesis (Wiens and Donoghue, 2004) reflects another aspect of the phylogeny-paleoclimate relationship. Most species had tropical origins because it was the predominant climate in Earth’s history, and only a few of them would be able to tolerate cold and spread into ...
... The Tropical Niche Conservatism hypothesis (Wiens and Donoghue, 2004) reflects another aspect of the phylogeny-paleoclimate relationship. Most species had tropical origins because it was the predominant climate in Earth’s history, and only a few of them would be able to tolerate cold and spread into ...
Executive Summary - Forest Watch
... Change the Sectors – All three sectors analyzed in this assessment would be significantly impacted under the scenarios of climate change presented by the models. The human health impacts - both direct (health effects of poor air quality) and indirect (warmer winters facilitating expansion of Lyme di ...
... Change the Sectors – All three sectors analyzed in this assessment would be significantly impacted under the scenarios of climate change presented by the models. The human health impacts - both direct (health effects of poor air quality) and indirect (warmer winters facilitating expansion of Lyme di ...
Will climate change increase ozone depletion from low
... in the stratosphere or mesosphere, EEP NOx and its effect on ozone could be different in the future. For example, increased downwelling at high-latitudes would transport EEP NOx to lower altitudes, where it can become more important for the ozone budget due to the availability of ozone. However, thi ...
... in the stratosphere or mesosphere, EEP NOx and its effect on ozone could be different in the future. For example, increased downwelling at high-latitudes would transport EEP NOx to lower altitudes, where it can become more important for the ozone budget due to the availability of ozone. However, thi ...
Ozone hole and Southern Hemisphere climate change
... polar regions to the subtropics, remains unclear at present. This question is especially pertinent in view of the predicted recovery of stratospheric ozone [e.g., Eyring et al., 2007] which, as a result of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, is expected to occur in the next 50– 60 years. [3 ...
... polar regions to the subtropics, remains unclear at present. This question is especially pertinent in view of the predicted recovery of stratospheric ozone [e.g., Eyring et al., 2007] which, as a result of the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, is expected to occur in the next 50– 60 years. [3 ...
PDF Copy
... Anthropogenic climate change and sea level rise, which interacts with the previous factors listed, generally reinforcing their impacts. ...
... Anthropogenic climate change and sea level rise, which interacts with the previous factors listed, generally reinforcing their impacts. ...
Climatic controls on diffuse groundwater
... higher temperatures and higher evapotranspiration rates in the Ogallala Aquifer. In the Upper Nile Basin, it was found that a 3 ◦ C increase in temperature along with an increase in rainfall led to a reduction in recharge. This was attributed to the effect of higher temperature on evapotranspiration ...
... higher temperatures and higher evapotranspiration rates in the Ogallala Aquifer. In the Upper Nile Basin, it was found that a 3 ◦ C increase in temperature along with an increase in rainfall led to a reduction in recharge. This was attributed to the effect of higher temperature on evapotranspiration ...
Changing Nature of Flooding
... Whatever your views on the causes of climate change, the fact is our climate is changing. Sea levels are rising and we are experiencing extreme weather conditions more regularly. The evidence suggests these trends are likely to continue. Increased flooding is the most visible result of our changing ...
... Whatever your views on the causes of climate change, the fact is our climate is changing. Sea levels are rising and we are experiencing extreme weather conditions more regularly. The evidence suggests these trends are likely to continue. Increased flooding is the most visible result of our changing ...
Climate change: impacts and adaptation for agriculture in Western
... change and to increase the sector’s adaptive capacity. In 2010, DAFWA developed a ‘Climate change response strategy’ to provide strategic direction for climate change activities and to identify and prioritise actions to achieve over the following five years. Since the strategy was published, there h ...
... change and to increase the sector’s adaptive capacity. In 2010, DAFWA developed a ‘Climate change response strategy’ to provide strategic direction for climate change activities and to identify and prioritise actions to achieve over the following five years. Since the strategy was published, there h ...
world heritage and climate change
... Like other reefs around the world, this global treasure is under threat. An accumulation of decades of harm caused by human activities such as coastal development (including port development, dredging, and dumping of dredge spoil) and water pollution have deteriorated the Great Barrier Reef 22 to th ...
... Like other reefs around the world, this global treasure is under threat. An accumulation of decades of harm caused by human activities such as coastal development (including port development, dredging, and dumping of dredge spoil) and water pollution have deteriorated the Great Barrier Reef 22 to th ...
Green tourism seminar
... • We cannot stop tourism to reduce the related pollution to zero. • There may solutions in cooperation of coercion. • Cooperation: • Everyone could work together and cooperate to reduce our consumption and the consequent pollution. • This is an unlikely global solution as cooperation will be undermi ...
... • We cannot stop tourism to reduce the related pollution to zero. • There may solutions in cooperation of coercion. • Cooperation: • Everyone could work together and cooperate to reduce our consumption and the consequent pollution. • This is an unlikely global solution as cooperation will be undermi ...
HFCs: A Critical Link in Protecting Climate and the Ozone Layer
... that filters out harmful levels of ultra-violet light. More recently science has spotlighted that this international effort has also spared humanity a significant level of climate change—perhaps buying back to date manyyears-worth of greenhouse gas emissions or avoided annual emissions, between 1988 ...
... that filters out harmful levels of ultra-violet light. More recently science has spotlighted that this international effort has also spared humanity a significant level of climate change—perhaps buying back to date manyyears-worth of greenhouse gas emissions or avoided annual emissions, between 1988 ...
Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Revies
... Fiji is on the front lines of climate change. Increased droughts, floods and extreme events such as cyclones affect every sector of Fiji’s economy and impact employment levels, the availability of natural resources and resilience to disasters. As such, Fiji is proactively creating and refining polic ...
... Fiji is on the front lines of climate change. Increased droughts, floods and extreme events such as cyclones affect every sector of Fiji’s economy and impact employment levels, the availability of natural resources and resilience to disasters. As such, Fiji is proactively creating and refining polic ...
World Heritage and Climate Change
... Like other reefs around the world, this global treasure is under threat. An accumulation of decades of harm caused by human activities such as coastal development (including port development, dredging, and dumping of dredge spoil) and water pollution have deteriorated the Great Barrier Reef 22 to th ...
... Like other reefs around the world, this global treasure is under threat. An accumulation of decades of harm caused by human activities such as coastal development (including port development, dredging, and dumping of dredge spoil) and water pollution have deteriorated the Great Barrier Reef 22 to th ...
DOC - unece
... Adaptation to climate change is consequently indispensable and urgent since there are already changed climate parameters and mitigation will take too long to show effects thus further degree of climate change is inevitable throughout this century and beyond even if global mitigation efforts prove su ...
... Adaptation to climate change is consequently indispensable and urgent since there are already changed climate parameters and mitigation will take too long to show effects thus further degree of climate change is inevitable throughout this century and beyond even if global mitigation efforts prove su ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.