Climate Change and Conflict: Findings and Lessons Learned from
... What can be said is that trying to understand conflict dynamics in northeast Uganda, Ethiopia’s pastoralist regions, Niger’s arid zones, Burkina Faso’s high-demand land areas, the low-lying slums of coastal West Africa, and the water-stressed Andes of Peru without taking into account the impact of c ...
... What can be said is that trying to understand conflict dynamics in northeast Uganda, Ethiopia’s pastoralist regions, Niger’s arid zones, Burkina Faso’s high-demand land areas, the low-lying slums of coastal West Africa, and the water-stressed Andes of Peru without taking into account the impact of c ...
The Positive Externalities of Carbon Dioxide
... benefits. Chief among such positive externalities is the economic value added to global crop production by several growth-enhancing properties of atmospheric CO2 enrichment. As literally thousands of laboratory and field studies have demonstrated, elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 have been conclus ...
... benefits. Chief among such positive externalities is the economic value added to global crop production by several growth-enhancing properties of atmospheric CO2 enrichment. As literally thousands of laboratory and field studies have demonstrated, elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 have been conclus ...
Chapter 4—Adaptation and Mitigation
... Mitigation, involving actions to reduce human influence on the climate system, is another fundamental approach for addressing climate challenges (Metz et al. 2001), and integrating mitigation activities with adaptation strategies is important. The best approach is usually to address mitigation and a ...
... Mitigation, involving actions to reduce human influence on the climate system, is another fundamental approach for addressing climate challenges (Metz et al. 2001), and integrating mitigation activities with adaptation strategies is important. The best approach is usually to address mitigation and a ...
Fossil Fuel Divestment: Implications For The Future Of Sustainability
... onus to equip graduates to tackle the interconnected challenges of climate change, global inequality, and social justice (Rappaport et al. 2007, Lotz-Sisitka et al. 2015). Universities have frequently been regarded as key institutions in processes of social change and development (Brennan et al. 200 ...
... onus to equip graduates to tackle the interconnected challenges of climate change, global inequality, and social justice (Rappaport et al. 2007, Lotz-Sisitka et al. 2015). Universities have frequently been regarded as key institutions in processes of social change and development (Brennan et al. 200 ...
Climate Change: Addressing the Impact for Human Security
... and conflict prone. It is important to recognise that the risks are not just of a humanitarian nature; they also include political and secu-rity risks that directly affect European interests. Moreover, in line with the con-cept of human security, it is clear that many issues related to the impact of ...
... and conflict prone. It is important to recognise that the risks are not just of a humanitarian nature; they also include political and secu-rity risks that directly affect European interests. Moreover, in line with the con-cept of human security, it is clear that many issues related to the impact of ...
Greenhouse Gas Regulation and Climate Change
... the United States, including landmark legislation (AB 32)2 to lower state greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Proposed new laws, and recent judicial decisions concerning the analysis of GHG impacts under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), may soon increase the state’ ...
... the United States, including landmark legislation (AB 32)2 to lower state greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Proposed new laws, and recent judicial decisions concerning the analysis of GHG impacts under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), may soon increase the state’ ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 17 Subject to Final Copyedit
... measures (high confidence). Economic theory and empirical results show that a degree of adaptation will be autonomously carried out by private parties in response to climate change. However the private sector alone will often not provide the desirable level of adaptation with some types of actions n ...
... measures (high confidence). Economic theory and empirical results show that a degree of adaptation will be autonomously carried out by private parties in response to climate change. However the private sector alone will often not provide the desirable level of adaptation with some types of actions n ...
toward a constructive dialogue on federal and state roles in u.s.
... In the United States to date, states have taken most of the significant actions to address climate change. Yet enactment of a nationwide program requiring reductions across the entire United States is both necessary and increasingly likely. This prospect raises a number of questions as to the approp ...
... In the United States to date, states have taken most of the significant actions to address climate change. Yet enactment of a nationwide program requiring reductions across the entire United States is both necessary and increasingly likely. This prospect raises a number of questions as to the approp ...
Addressing Climate Change in National Urban Policy
... List of NATIONAL URBAN POLICY BOXES Box 4. National Urban Policy Excerpt – Chile (2014)......................................................................................... 7 Box 6. National Urban Policy Excerpt: Germany (2012)..................................................................... ...
... List of NATIONAL URBAN POLICY BOXES Box 4. National Urban Policy Excerpt – Chile (2014)......................................................................................... 7 Box 6. National Urban Policy Excerpt: Germany (2012)..................................................................... ...
SYNCHRONIZATION OF POLAR CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER
... The climate system is complex, whatever our definition of system complexity may be, but if that complexity can be reduced in some measure by detecting and recognizing long-range symmetries caused by synchronization, our understanding of climate dynamics would greatly benefit. The focus of this paper ...
... The climate system is complex, whatever our definition of system complexity may be, but if that complexity can be reduced in some measure by detecting and recognizing long-range symmetries caused by synchronization, our understanding of climate dynamics would greatly benefit. The focus of this paper ...
Working Paper 235 - Watkiss and Cimato (opens in new window)
... these methods, which can capture core concepts of decision making under uncertainty while maintaining a degree of economic rigour. An analysis of the IDRC portfolio and other literature provides some case studies of these. Future work to advance and to demonstrate these light-touch approaches is nee ...
... these methods, which can capture core concepts of decision making under uncertainty while maintaining a degree of economic rigour. An analysis of the IDRC portfolio and other literature provides some case studies of these. Future work to advance and to demonstrate these light-touch approaches is nee ...
AAWG Conference Abstracts 2014
... (Hawaii) releases far more CO2 than volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries, which produce mainly water vapour. Gases at pull-apart margins are also dominated by water vapour, but with a significant component of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide. Volcanoes add 130-230 million tonnes of CO2 to the ...
... (Hawaii) releases far more CO2 than volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries, which produce mainly water vapour. Gases at pull-apart margins are also dominated by water vapour, but with a significant component of sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide. Volcanoes add 130-230 million tonnes of CO2 to the ...
UNDP-GEF Adaptation
... • Information and knowledge management on climate risks in Ecuador improved • Sustainable water and water-related risk management practices to withstand the effects of climate change applied UNDP-GEF Adaptation ...
... • Information and knowledge management on climate risks in Ecuador improved • Sustainable water and water-related risk management practices to withstand the effects of climate change applied UNDP-GEF Adaptation ...
Regional: Glacial Melt and Downstream Impacts on Indus
... trends regarding increasing variability in water supply, growing risk of climate change scenarios, and possible impacts on the socioeconomy of millions of people living in the downstream areas. Furthermore, recognizing the transboundary nature of the Indus River, the study team included experts from ...
... trends regarding increasing variability in water supply, growing risk of climate change scenarios, and possible impacts on the socioeconomy of millions of people living in the downstream areas. Furthermore, recognizing the transboundary nature of the Indus River, the study team included experts from ...
FINAL 2014 2015 Annual Progress Report
... Both of these are continual undertakings, that can never be said to be complete, although at various stages the development of a component, or a complete model, may be ‘frozen’ to allow numerical experiments to take place in a stable environment. ...
... Both of these are continual undertakings, that can never be said to be complete, although at various stages the development of a component, or a complete model, may be ‘frozen’ to allow numerical experiments to take place in a stable environment. ...
Document Title - Sanjeev Sabhlok
... So what do long term (2000 year) climate data STILL say? On 18 April 2012, very recently, a major study was published: The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability, by B. Christiansen and F. C. Ljungqvist, Climate of the P ...
... So what do long term (2000 year) climate data STILL say? On 18 April 2012, very recently, a major study was published: The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia: reconstructions of low-frequency variability, by B. Christiansen and F. C. Ljungqvist, Climate of the P ...
Clathrate gun hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free
... apparently through perforations in the seabed permafrost,[20] with concentrations in some regions reaching up to 100 times normal levels.[22][23] The excess methane has been detected in localized hotspots in the outfall of the Lena River and the border between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Se ...
... apparently through perforations in the seabed permafrost,[20] with concentrations in some regions reaching up to 100 times normal levels.[22][23] The excess methane has been detected in localized hotspots in the outfall of the Lena River and the border between the Laptev Sea and the East Siberian Se ...
Report of the Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group on Biodiversity and
... Executive Secretary and contained in annex II to this report. It was agreed that the work would consist of finalizing the report chapters taking into account the reviews from Parties, other Governments, experts, and non-governmental organizations, based on the second version of the report. The secon ...
... Executive Secretary and contained in annex II to this report. It was agreed that the work would consist of finalizing the report chapters taking into account the reviews from Parties, other Governments, experts, and non-governmental organizations, based on the second version of the report. The secon ...
Opens external link in new window
... opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific compani ...
... opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific compani ...
Responding to climate change in national forests: a
... and approaches presented here will help focus adaptation on the needs of resource managers and planners. The guidebook is intended to assist the transition to “climate-smart” approaches in resource management. It is not intended to be a comprehensive accounting of all scientific and management effor ...
... and approaches presented here will help focus adaptation on the needs of resource managers and planners. The guidebook is intended to assist the transition to “climate-smart” approaches in resource management. It is not intended to be a comprehensive accounting of all scientific and management effor ...
Improving*the*Outlook*for* Caribbean*Coral*Reefs
... vital!natural!resources.!!The!resilience!of!our!reefs!is!threatened!by!overfishing,!dredging,!sewage,!oil!and!bilge! water,!increased!run3off!from!agricultural!and!construction!activities,!and!coastal!development,!just!to!name!a! few.!The!serious!and!alarming!decline!in!the!health!of!our!reefs!not!o ...
... vital!natural!resources.!!The!resilience!of!our!reefs!is!threatened!by!overfishing,!dredging,!sewage,!oil!and!bilge! water,!increased!run3off!from!agricultural!and!construction!activities,!and!coastal!development,!just!to!name!a! few.!The!serious!and!alarming!decline!in!the!health!of!our!reefs!not!o ...
Climate change science and Victoria
... this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of the Bureau of Meteorology. The Bureau of Meteorology advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research ...
... this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of the Bureau of Meteorology. The Bureau of Meteorology advise that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research ...
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
... Warming over this century is likely to be near the low end of the range specified in the various reports of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Scaling the IPCC’s midrange computer models with observed climate changes yields a warming of approximately 2.9°F. The glo ...
... Warming over this century is likely to be near the low end of the range specified in the various reports of the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Scaling the IPCC’s midrange computer models with observed climate changes yields a warming of approximately 2.9°F. The glo ...
Global Change Impacts on Australian Rangelands
... scenarios are likely to slow this down somewhat (4-25%) compared with historical rates. However, with grazing under existing burning practices, all CO2 and climate change scenarios increased the already positive net emissions from the system (by up to a factor of ten) due to increased fuel loads and ...
... scenarios are likely to slow this down somewhat (4-25%) compared with historical rates. However, with grazing under existing burning practices, all CO2 and climate change scenarios increased the already positive net emissions from the system (by up to a factor of ten) due to increased fuel loads and ...
Transformational Adaptation: Concepts, Examples, and their
... irrigation was possible, intensified use of river and lake environments, out-migration, and inmigration to environmental ‘refugia’ where resources where still available. These strategies, particularly in-migration to refugia and agricultural intensification, were associated with a variety of profoun ...
... irrigation was possible, intensified use of river and lake environments, out-migration, and inmigration to environmental ‘refugia’ where resources where still available. These strategies, particularly in-migration to refugia and agricultural intensification, were associated with a variety of profoun ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.