Global climate change and Illinois.
... many levels rising above the earth. When more forests. For example, trace gases are simulated in these models, they the burning of coal indicate that the average global temperature and oil for energy is largely responsible for a 25 would be 3 to 4°C (5 to 8°F) higher than today's percent increase in ...
... many levels rising above the earth. When more forests. For example, trace gases are simulated in these models, they the burning of coal indicate that the average global temperature and oil for energy is largely responsible for a 25 would be 3 to 4°C (5 to 8°F) higher than today's percent increase in ...
climate change, conflict and cooperation in southern africa
... IN SOUTHERN AFRICA development and managing many challenging issues, additional stressors driven by global changes will affect areas that are doing well now. Early warning systems are necessary, however Africa’s role could be quite powerful within global negotiations, given the examples they can bri ...
... IN SOUTHERN AFRICA development and managing many challenging issues, additional stressors driven by global changes will affect areas that are doing well now. Early warning systems are necessary, however Africa’s role could be quite powerful within global negotiations, given the examples they can bri ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Community Earth System Model
... coordinating the collection and archival of the multi-model output at PCMDI. The initial deadline for submission of model data is September 1, 2004. ...
... coordinating the collection and archival of the multi-model output at PCMDI. The initial deadline for submission of model data is September 1, 2004. ...
Earth`s Energy Out of Balance: The Smoking
... The Earth’s energy imbalance was predicted by the authors’ climate model as a consequence of growing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone, and black carbon (soot) particles. They report in an article to be published Thursday April 28 in Science ...
... The Earth’s energy imbalance was predicted by the authors’ climate model as a consequence of growing amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone, and black carbon (soot) particles. They report in an article to be published Thursday April 28 in Science ...
10584_2012_414_MOESM1_ESM
... Earth’s system to human action across a number of variables, including the climate sensitivity. Below we describe our assumptions related to the four main uncertain components/parameters: Climate Sensitivity: There is much debate over climate sensitivity, which means that it is not currently possibl ...
... Earth’s system to human action across a number of variables, including the climate sensitivity. Below we describe our assumptions related to the four main uncertain components/parameters: Climate Sensitivity: There is much debate over climate sensitivity, which means that it is not currently possibl ...
Changes in atmospheric composition directly affect many aspects of
... 2002]. World-wide emissions from growing industrial and transportation activity and more intensive agricultural practices have caused widespread increase in atmospheric concentration of photochemical oxidants, acidic gases, aerosols, and some toxic chemical species. Many of these air pollutants are ...
... 2002]. World-wide emissions from growing industrial and transportation activity and more intensive agricultural practices have caused widespread increase in atmospheric concentration of photochemical oxidants, acidic gases, aerosols, and some toxic chemical species. Many of these air pollutants are ...
Reading Group Guide - Bloomsbury Publishing
... warming is a hoax are more persuasive? Given the weight of scientific opinion cited by Kolbert, how do you feel about the Greening Earth Society’s claim that carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are actually beneficial to life on earth? 19. The U.S. emits 25 percent of the world ...
... warming is a hoax are more persuasive? Given the weight of scientific opinion cited by Kolbert, how do you feel about the Greening Earth Society’s claim that carbon dioxide emissions from the burning of fossil fuels are actually beneficial to life on earth? 19. The U.S. emits 25 percent of the world ...
No Slide Title
... 150 million people affected by floods world-wide (7 million in 60s). Source: IPCC 2007 ...
... 150 million people affected by floods world-wide (7 million in 60s). Source: IPCC 2007 ...
from WMO (2007), based on Sinnhuber and Folkins, ACP (2006)
... were to come into widespread commercial use, then halogenated VSLS would become of increased importance in affecting the future behavior of stratospheric ozone. • Delivery of VSLS to the stratosphere may change in the future in response to circulation changes. The impact of natural halogenated VSLS ...
... were to come into widespread commercial use, then halogenated VSLS would become of increased importance in affecting the future behavior of stratospheric ozone. • Delivery of VSLS to the stratosphere may change in the future in response to circulation changes. The impact of natural halogenated VSLS ...
publication
... GHG emissions mitigation. Estimates of the aggregate economic impacts of climate change and estimates of the costs of mitigation both vary widely, and are highly dependent on factors such as core assumptions, model design, sectoral coverage and scenario selection. Specifically on climate change impa ...
... GHG emissions mitigation. Estimates of the aggregate economic impacts of climate change and estimates of the costs of mitigation both vary widely, and are highly dependent on factors such as core assumptions, model design, sectoral coverage and scenario selection. Specifically on climate change impa ...
Lands` End to the Arctic
... The final chapters ask what lessons Greenland has taught us. The documentation of abrupt climate change gleaned from its ice offers a sober warning of the consequences of a rapidly warming Arctic, including the summertime loss of Arctic sea ice, the accelerating thawing of the permafrost surrounding ...
... The final chapters ask what lessons Greenland has taught us. The documentation of abrupt climate change gleaned from its ice offers a sober warning of the consequences of a rapidly warming Arctic, including the summertime loss of Arctic sea ice, the accelerating thawing of the permafrost surrounding ...
Using Model Output: Uncertainties and Probabilities
... • Use robust observational constraints on model simulations - this plays off observed historic changes over the region of interest versus global changes • Use expert understanding of relevant processes and how they should unfold rather than the probabilistic methods (which are in their infancy and d ...
... • Use robust observational constraints on model simulations - this plays off observed historic changes over the region of interest versus global changes • Use expert understanding of relevant processes and how they should unfold rather than the probabilistic methods (which are in their infancy and d ...
The crisis of the global climate
... killer heat waves in Texas and India, where some 4,000 people died of heat effects, Mexico's worst drought in 70 years, flooding in China which left 14 million people homeless, the worst flooding in the history of Bangladesh which left some 30 million people homeless, and the 11,000 hurricane casual ...
... killer heat waves in Texas and India, where some 4,000 people died of heat effects, Mexico's worst drought in 70 years, flooding in China which left 14 million people homeless, the worst flooding in the history of Bangladesh which left some 30 million people homeless, and the 11,000 hurricane casual ...
Education, Training and Public Awareness
... should therefore be undertaken under Article 6 to gather, build and exchange the knowledge base of creating effective behavioural changes in different contexts and domains. Children and young people are important and large stakeholder group especially due to the influence they can exert in local com ...
... should therefore be undertaken under Article 6 to gather, build and exchange the knowledge base of creating effective behavioural changes in different contexts and domains. Children and young people are important and large stakeholder group especially due to the influence they can exert in local com ...
PlanetUnderPressure - Atmospheric and Oceanic Science
... There is an urgent need to break the link between production and consumption on the one hand and environmental destruction on the other This would allow raising material living standards for a period that would allow us to overcome world poverty However, indefinite material growth on a planet with f ...
... There is an urgent need to break the link between production and consumption on the one hand and environmental destruction on the other This would allow raising material living standards for a period that would allow us to overcome world poverty However, indefinite material growth on a planet with f ...
Factors to be considered in choosing metrics
... Measuring the effect at a time point or time-integrated/ averaged? • Merely measuring the effect at one particular chosen time point misses many useful information, since climate change and its impacts occur all the time. • The time-integrated effect can be classified as a type of averaged effect, ...
... Measuring the effect at a time point or time-integrated/ averaged? • Merely measuring the effect at one particular chosen time point misses many useful information, since climate change and its impacts occur all the time. • The time-integrated effect can be classified as a type of averaged effect, ...
Lesson Eight: Climate Change and Ecosystems
... Now that you have learned more about your species’ life habits and needs, it’s time to consider how global climate change might play a role in its future. Some scientific studies have suggested that climate change could change the distribution of species in an area because warmer temperatures would ...
... Now that you have learned more about your species’ life habits and needs, it’s time to consider how global climate change might play a role in its future. Some scientific studies have suggested that climate change could change the distribution of species in an area because warmer temperatures would ...
Climate Change Diplomacy: The Next Step
... In the United States, the Clinton administration has said that it organizations on both sides of the Atlantic, denounced the Amerwill not send a climate treaty to the Senate for a vote on ratifiican proposal as a gigantic loophole that would undercut the cation unless it provides for “meaningful par ...
... In the United States, the Clinton administration has said that it organizations on both sides of the Atlantic, denounced the Amerwill not send a climate treaty to the Senate for a vote on ratifiican proposal as a gigantic loophole that would undercut the cation unless it provides for “meaningful par ...
md046e
... Land and water management systems, which define many food production systems, are hardpressed to cope with unprecedented demand in the region. Climate change will put even more pressure on the region's key production areas. This creates an opportunity for governments and the private sector, includin ...
... Land and water management systems, which define many food production systems, are hardpressed to cope with unprecedented demand in the region. Climate change will put even more pressure on the region's key production areas. This creates an opportunity for governments and the private sector, includin ...
S C U UPREME
... human health and welfare—is not supported by the text of Climate Change Science, which explicitly states that the costs and risks involved are difficult to quantify at this point and are, in any case, beyond the scope of this brief report (p. 4, J.A. 161). The mere existence of human-caused climate ...
... human health and welfare—is not supported by the text of Climate Change Science, which explicitly states that the costs and risks involved are difficult to quantify at this point and are, in any case, beyond the scope of this brief report (p. 4, J.A. 161). The mere existence of human-caused climate ...
Natural Gas and LNG Exports are NOT “Climate Solutions”
... “If left unchecked, climate change will increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.” - United Nations IPCC, 2014 The climate impacts of producing natural gas and exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been scientifically analyzed. We now know: ...
... “If left unchecked, climate change will increase the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems.” - United Nations IPCC, 2014 The climate impacts of producing natural gas and exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) have been scientifically analyzed. We now know: ...
2017_EC1_1_1
... has decreased by about 12% per decade and this poses a threat to regions of low-elevation, such as Tuvalu (a small island in the Pacific Ocean), Believing that climate change, which is caused by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, increases the temperature in the Arctic and results in sea ice declin ...
... has decreased by about 12% per decade and this poses a threat to regions of low-elevation, such as Tuvalu (a small island in the Pacific Ocean), Believing that climate change, which is caused by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, increases the temperature in the Arctic and results in sea ice declin ...
Climate Change SDWG Brief - Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat
... The science contained in the IPCC AR4 has been distilled into a regional product for the Pacific by the Australian Pacific Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Programme (PACCSAP). This important publicationi outlines the changes projected in the Pacific and the context is summarised here ...
... The science contained in the IPCC AR4 has been distilled into a regional product for the Pacific by the Australian Pacific Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Programme (PACCSAP). This important publicationi outlines the changes projected in the Pacific and the context is summarised here ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.