shipping impacts on climate
... in the atmosphere, its impacts on the climate can vary spatially.51 Unfortunately, one quarter of all black carbon occurs in environmentally sensitive regions like the Arctic52 where it has a unique ability to exacerbate warming. On snow and ice – even at very low concentrations – black carbon trigg ...
... in the atmosphere, its impacts on the climate can vary spatially.51 Unfortunately, one quarter of all black carbon occurs in environmentally sensitive regions like the Arctic52 where it has a unique ability to exacerbate warming. On snow and ice – even at very low concentrations – black carbon trigg ...
The Annual Cycle of Atmospheric Energy Transfer
... nature of the aerosols and their interactions with clouds. The current radiative imbalance at the TOA has increased from a very small imbalance only 40 years ago when carbon dioxide increases and radiative forcing were less than half of those today. The excess in heat does several things. (i) It war ...
... nature of the aerosols and their interactions with clouds. The current radiative imbalance at the TOA has increased from a very small imbalance only 40 years ago when carbon dioxide increases and radiative forcing were less than half of those today. The excess in heat does several things. (i) It war ...
ppt - Physical Oceanography at GSO
... Helps to develop and assess requirements of the systems that will deliver climate data, products, and information; Implements some (e.g. ocean) elements of the observing system and their respective data management systems, the frontline for new obs technology and data systems Develops synthesis fram ...
... Helps to develop and assess requirements of the systems that will deliver climate data, products, and information; Implements some (e.g. ocean) elements of the observing system and their respective data management systems, the frontline for new obs technology and data systems Develops synthesis fram ...
Exxon Mobil and British Petroleum: A tale of two companies or just
... such as temperatures and weather patterns, taking place over decadal or longer time scales. Though the Earth has undergone many changes in its dominant climate, the warming that we are experiencing today appears to be unprecedented in both its magnitude and rate. Evidence strongly suggests that toda ...
... such as temperatures and weather patterns, taking place over decadal or longer time scales. Though the Earth has undergone many changes in its dominant climate, the warming that we are experiencing today appears to be unprecedented in both its magnitude and rate. Evidence strongly suggests that toda ...
climate change: the missing topic in zimbabwean secondary school
... and intense flooding, windstorms and disease outbreaks (IPCC, 2007). Climate change is attributed to the increase in the greenhouse gases (GHGs) caused by both anthropogenic and natural causes. Some of the anthropogenic causes include industrialization, deforestation, fossil burning (greenhouse gase ...
... and intense flooding, windstorms and disease outbreaks (IPCC, 2007). Climate change is attributed to the increase in the greenhouse gases (GHGs) caused by both anthropogenic and natural causes. Some of the anthropogenic causes include industrialization, deforestation, fossil burning (greenhouse gase ...
RADIATIVE AND CLIMATE EFFECTS OF AEROSOLS OVER THE
... that our simulations could be fitted better to the observation if we added more realistic aerosol data. In the near future, NARCM will use a new microphysics scheme (Girard and Curry 2001) which will account for effect of aerosol composition on the ice nucleation process. This interaction between cl ...
... that our simulations could be fitted better to the observation if we added more realistic aerosol data. In the near future, NARCM will use a new microphysics scheme (Girard and Curry 2001) which will account for effect of aerosol composition on the ice nucleation process. This interaction between cl ...
The language of climate change adaptation
... term ‘promoting resilience’. New York’s strategy talks of increasing the city’s climate resilience (New York City Panel on Climate Change, 2010). Germany’s strategy uses ‘resilient systems’ (Federal Ministry for the Environment, 2008). OFWAT uses the term ‘resilience planning’ (www.ofwat.gov.uk/sust ...
... term ‘promoting resilience’. New York’s strategy talks of increasing the city’s climate resilience (New York City Panel on Climate Change, 2010). Germany’s strategy uses ‘resilient systems’ (Federal Ministry for the Environment, 2008). OFWAT uses the term ‘resilience planning’ (www.ofwat.gov.uk/sust ...
Case study — Monitoring potential impacts of climate change on the
... community against health and bio-security risks. The potential impacts of climate change on Tasmania‟s natural values, world class reserves and unique natural heritage has been an emerging issue over the past decade. A preliminary assessment of the implications of climate change for Australia‟s Worl ...
... community against health and bio-security risks. The potential impacts of climate change on Tasmania‟s natural values, world class reserves and unique natural heritage has been an emerging issue over the past decade. A preliminary assessment of the implications of climate change for Australia‟s Worl ...
Moving Forward in the Climate Negotiations
... The second challenge is that critical theory’s standard of normative validity is essentially procedural rather than substantive. While critical theorists are able to offer judgments about the degree to which communicative contexts may be more or less inclusive, they do not typically make judgements ...
... The second challenge is that critical theory’s standard of normative validity is essentially procedural rather than substantive. While critical theorists are able to offer judgments about the degree to which communicative contexts may be more or less inclusive, they do not typically make judgements ...
Learning Objectives - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 35% in the past 250 years (by far exceeding such variations over preceding 10 million years). • 1995-2006: rank among warmest years for global surface temperature. • 2007 Stern Report in the United Kingdom on the Economics of Climate ...
... concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by 35% in the past 250 years (by far exceeding such variations over preceding 10 million years). • 1995-2006: rank among warmest years for global surface temperature. • 2007 Stern Report in the United Kingdom on the Economics of Climate ...
Toward Integrated Historical Climate Research
... regional climate histories but, perhaps most significantly, is offering important insights into how societies have coped with and have responded to climatic variability and anomalous weather events in the past.a The environmental history community is also now engaged in work that explores how socie ...
... regional climate histories but, perhaps most significantly, is offering important insights into how societies have coped with and have responded to climatic variability and anomalous weather events in the past.a The environmental history community is also now engaged in work that explores how socie ...
Climate Change - American Association of Wildlife Veterinarians
... There is widespread scientific agreement that the world’s climate is changing and that the weight of evidence demonstrates that anthropogenic factors have and will continue to contribute significantly to global warming and climate change. It is anticipated that continuing changes to the climate will ...
... There is widespread scientific agreement that the world’s climate is changing and that the weight of evidence demonstrates that anthropogenic factors have and will continue to contribute significantly to global warming and climate change. It is anticipated that continuing changes to the climate will ...
Climate System Observations and Prediction Experiment (COPE)
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
... The Climate of the Twentieth Century Project (C20C; J. Kinter) Discussion on Seasonal Prediction in a Changing Climate (Plenary Discussion) Developing a Coordinated Plan for Pan-WCRP Seasonal Prediction ...
Developing countries state views at General Assembly climate debate
... negatively impacted by climate change and also by the response measures designed to address it. It asked for caution to assure that mitigation actions do not create market distortions leading to unstable energy supplies that would in turn disrupt the development process. ...
... negatively impacted by climate change and also by the response measures designed to address it. It asked for caution to assure that mitigation actions do not create market distortions leading to unstable energy supplies that would in turn disrupt the development process. ...
![The impact of climate change on children[6]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/010087075_1-c007715022f7097bf945cf5303e872da-300x300.png)
The impact of climate change on children[6]
... Existing high levels of poverty and inequality will be a key driver in determining exposure to climate change and its impacts. The vast majority of climate change’s negative impacts will fall on poor children and their communities in developing countries. This is partly because many of these countri ...
... Existing high levels of poverty and inequality will be a key driver in determining exposure to climate change and its impacts. The vast majority of climate change’s negative impacts will fall on poor children and their communities in developing countries. This is partly because many of these countri ...
Submission 17 - Gold Coast City Council
... 8. Timing and processes for updating flood mapping in the planning scheme As discussed above Council has within its planning instruments a Statutory Flood Map for triggering a flood search as part of the development assessment process, Council’s new flood data and maps will be released next year wit ...
... 8. Timing and processes for updating flood mapping in the planning scheme As discussed above Council has within its planning instruments a Statutory Flood Map for triggering a flood search as part of the development assessment process, Council’s new flood data and maps will be released next year wit ...
Slide 1 - Regional Public Works Commissioners of Ontario
... On September 25, 2014 the Government outlined its priorities in public mandate letters. The path forward builds on Ontario's actions to date, including meeting our 2014 greenhouse gas reduction target. It also includes: ...
... On September 25, 2014 the Government outlined its priorities in public mandate letters. The path forward builds on Ontario's actions to date, including meeting our 2014 greenhouse gas reduction target. It also includes: ...
A New Climate for Peace
... of resilience. Eight of the g7+ states — a voluntary association of conflict-affected countries that are in transition to the next stages of development and part of the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States — have recognized climate-conflict risks in their National Adaptation Programmes of Actio ...
... of resilience. Eight of the g7+ states — a voluntary association of conflict-affected countries that are in transition to the next stages of development and part of the New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States — have recognized climate-conflict risks in their National Adaptation Programmes of Actio ...
global climate change triggered by global warming
... often claimed for global warming is that plants will grow more rapidly. It is further noted that a more rapid rate of plant growth, combined with a higher carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, will partially offset these higher concentrations by removing more of this gas through accelerate ...
... often claimed for global warming is that plants will grow more rapidly. It is further noted that a more rapid rate of plant growth, combined with a higher carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, will partially offset these higher concentrations by removing more of this gas through accelerate ...
Climate Change Legislation in the 113th Congress
... In the 113th Congress, Members have introduced multiple bills that include provisions that would directly or indirectly address climate change. This report describes and compares the bills and provisions that directly address climate change, as opposed to those that primarily address other issues (e ...
... In the 113th Congress, Members have introduced multiple bills that include provisions that would directly or indirectly address climate change. This report describes and compares the bills and provisions that directly address climate change, as opposed to those that primarily address other issues (e ...
Tasmania`s Greenhouse Gas Emissions
... global warming potentials of some gases. In addition, the calculation methodologies and the technologies used to estimate coverage are reviewed and in some cases revised for each national inventory. As a result of these changes, the emissions estimates were recalculated for all sectors from the base ...
... global warming potentials of some gases. In addition, the calculation methodologies and the technologies used to estimate coverage are reviewed and in some cases revised for each national inventory. As a result of these changes, the emissions estimates were recalculated for all sectors from the base ...
What can cities do to increase resilience?
... nitrous oxide and methane releases are taken into account the total CO2 equivalent is already over 425 ppm. According to an opinion poll in 2005, before Katrina and the G8 summit, 45% of the British public believed that climate change is the most serious challenge faced by the world. However, 26% wa ...
... nitrous oxide and methane releases are taken into account the total CO2 equivalent is already over 425 ppm. According to an opinion poll in 2005, before Katrina and the G8 summit, 45% of the British public believed that climate change is the most serious challenge faced by the world. However, 26% wa ...
Introducing-FCFA-Brochure (opens in new window)
... risks and costs down the line. water availability across most of Southern and West Africa (World Bank, 2013). These threats are high on the political agenda. There is therefore an “Without tackling climate change, urgent need to reduce climate-related risks today, we will not succeed in eradicating ...
... risks and costs down the line. water availability across most of Southern and West Africa (World Bank, 2013). These threats are high on the political agenda. There is therefore an “Without tackling climate change, urgent need to reduce climate-related risks today, we will not succeed in eradicating ...
Measuring the economic impact of climate change on
... introduction of different activities and other potential adaptations to different climates. The Ricardian model can be adopted to evaluate country level as well as regional level impact, and with modification it can be used to address many questions that arise such as ones concerning private adoptio ...
... introduction of different activities and other potential adaptations to different climates. The Ricardian model can be adopted to evaluate country level as well as regional level impact, and with modification it can be used to address many questions that arise such as ones concerning private adoptio ...
Has the ozone hole contributed to increased Antarctic sea ice extent
... M.Sigmond and J. Fyfe It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-oc ...
... M.Sigmond and J. Fyfe It has been suggested that the increase of Southern Hemisphere sea ice extent since the 1970s can be explained by ozone depletion in the Southern Hemisphere stratosphere. In a previous study we have shown, using single forcing time slice simulations with a coupled atmosphere-oc ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.