PACIFIC SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES
... estimates of sea-level rise in the next century strongly suggest that one meter or more is possible if not likE~ly by 2100. 2 Beyond 2100, recent science looking at the relationship between Antarctic temperatures and global sea level over the last 520,000 years indicates that multi-meter increases o ...
... estimates of sea-level rise in the next century strongly suggest that one meter or more is possible if not likE~ly by 2100. 2 Beyond 2100, recent science looking at the relationship between Antarctic temperatures and global sea level over the last 520,000 years indicates that multi-meter increases o ...
Earth Systems – Chapter 2
... Over the last 540 million years, Earth was mostly warmer than it is now. Earth’s geologic record shows evidence of past climates both colder and warmer than today. These past climates are related to interactions involving geosphere processes, greenhouse gas cycles, the distribution and size of conti ...
... Over the last 540 million years, Earth was mostly warmer than it is now. Earth’s geologic record shows evidence of past climates both colder and warmer than today. These past climates are related to interactions involving geosphere processes, greenhouse gas cycles, the distribution and size of conti ...
L`Oréal announces its new "carbon balanced" ambition for 2020
... coordinated commitment of countries and businesses to enter into a low-carbon economy, this would mark a new chapter in the history of mankind." Christian de Perthuis, Professor at the Paris Dauphine University and founder of the Climate Economics Chair, who chairs the committee of carbon experts pu ...
... coordinated commitment of countries and businesses to enter into a low-carbon economy, this would mark a new chapter in the history of mankind." Christian de Perthuis, Professor at the Paris Dauphine University and founder of the Climate Economics Chair, who chairs the committee of carbon experts pu ...
Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in the
... Europe by 0.8oC since 1900. Annual precipitation has increased by between 10% and 40% in northern Europe over the last 100 years, while the Mediterranean basin has experienced a 20% reduction (JRC, 2005). Predictions by the EEA show that in the period up to 2030 climate change will reduce river flow ...
... Europe by 0.8oC since 1900. Annual precipitation has increased by between 10% and 40% in northern Europe over the last 100 years, while the Mediterranean basin has experienced a 20% reduction (JRC, 2005). Predictions by the EEA show that in the period up to 2030 climate change will reduce river flow ...
Conceptual framework: Definitions for key concepts
... synthesising CCIAV multiple sector results at a sub-national level for policy-makers and stakeholders (e.g., Toth et al., 2003 a & b). It may be useful to take a multiple stressors approach in which the integrated impacts of a broad range of environmental and social stressors, of which climate chang ...
... synthesising CCIAV multiple sector results at a sub-national level for policy-makers and stakeholders (e.g., Toth et al., 2003 a & b). It may be useful to take a multiple stressors approach in which the integrated impacts of a broad range of environmental and social stressors, of which climate chang ...
the intergovernmental panel on climate change assessment process
... biodiversity, sea level, the health and agricultural sectors, and the economy. Consequently, it is not surprising that the eyes of the world are focused on the science of climate change and its predicted impacts, and the implications thereof for the nations of the world. For developing countries, ge ...
... biodiversity, sea level, the health and agricultural sectors, and the economy. Consequently, it is not surprising that the eyes of the world are focused on the science of climate change and its predicted impacts, and the implications thereof for the nations of the world. For developing countries, ge ...
Interactive comment on “Was the Little Ice Age more or less El Niño
... than GCM derived patterns. This is based on the fact that GCM annual mean patterns correlate with their own 30-year mean pattern more strongly than GCM annual mean patterns correlate with the annual mean 20CRv2 pattern. We will then run our calibration experiment, wherein we derive our optimal netw ...
... than GCM derived patterns. This is based on the fact that GCM annual mean patterns correlate with their own 30-year mean pattern more strongly than GCM annual mean patterns correlate with the annual mean 20CRv2 pattern. We will then run our calibration experiment, wherein we derive our optimal netw ...
Projected continent-wide declines of the emperor penguin under
... least loss of sea ice, and thus are projected to increase, relative to their present size, by 2100 (Fig. 2a). However, even these colonies will be declining by 2100 (Fig. 2b). The most threatened colonies are located in Dronning Maud and Enderby lands, where projected SIC declines are largest and co ...
... least loss of sea ice, and thus are projected to increase, relative to their present size, by 2100 (Fig. 2a). However, even these colonies will be declining by 2100 (Fig. 2b). The most threatened colonies are located in Dronning Maud and Enderby lands, where projected SIC declines are largest and co ...
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Economics Working Paper Series
... These SCC estimates also grow over time based on rates endogenously determined within each model. For instance, the central value increases to $24 per ton of CO2 in 2015 and $26 per ton of CO2 in 2020. The 2009-2010 interagency process that developed these SCC values was the first U.S. federal gover ...
... These SCC estimates also grow over time based on rates endogenously determined within each model. For instance, the central value increases to $24 per ton of CO2 in 2015 and $26 per ton of CO2 in 2020. The 2009-2010 interagency process that developed these SCC values was the first U.S. federal gover ...
Perception and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile
... although informative, it did not address the extent to which different socio-economic and environmental factors affect perceptions of climate change and adaptation in Ethiopia. Deressa et al. (2009) analysed the factors affecting the choice of adaptation methods, but failed to explain explicitly how ...
... although informative, it did not address the extent to which different socio-economic and environmental factors affect perceptions of climate change and adaptation in Ethiopia. Deressa et al. (2009) analysed the factors affecting the choice of adaptation methods, but failed to explain explicitly how ...
Climate Change in Hamilton City, New Zealand - UN
... As in other urban centers around the world, the energy supply infrastructure in Hamilton and the greater Waikato region is necessary to maintain core city functions including health care services, economic activity, clean water supply, and comfort in homes. In Hamilton, most of the residential energ ...
... As in other urban centers around the world, the energy supply infrastructure in Hamilton and the greater Waikato region is necessary to maintain core city functions including health care services, economic activity, clean water supply, and comfort in homes. In Hamilton, most of the residential energ ...
Projected change in climate thresholds in the northeastern United
... cottage cheese, and several other commodities. Vermont is famous for its maple syrup (sugar maple, Acer saccharum) and is the nation’s top producer of this specialty product. Throughout the NE, small family farms are vital to the economy of rural areas, and they fill an important market niche for fr ...
... cottage cheese, and several other commodities. Vermont is famous for its maple syrup (sugar maple, Acer saccharum) and is the nation’s top producer of this specialty product. Throughout the NE, small family farms are vital to the economy of rural areas, and they fill an important market niche for fr ...
A just transition to climate-resilient economies and societies
... Secondly, some of the existing jobs will be substituted as a result of shifts in the economy from less to more efficient, from high-carbon to low-carbon, and from more to less polluting technologies, processes, and products. Examples include, a shift from truck-based transportation to rail, from in ...
... Secondly, some of the existing jobs will be substituted as a result of shifts in the economy from less to more efficient, from high-carbon to low-carbon, and from more to less polluting technologies, processes, and products. Examples include, a shift from truck-based transportation to rail, from in ...
The Kyoto Protocol: Bad News for the Global
... The Protocol has other controversial aspects, such as its provision for a range of approaches to allow parties to reach their targets in ways other than outright reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions, including emissions trading, “clean development mechanisms”, “projects”, “joint fulfillment” ...
... The Protocol has other controversial aspects, such as its provision for a range of approaches to allow parties to reach their targets in ways other than outright reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions, including emissions trading, “clean development mechanisms”, “projects”, “joint fulfillment” ...
Environment Sustainabilty Approach Capiel HV Part C The
... atmosphere. The consequence is a higher average temperature of the planet compared with the temperature that would prevail if no greenhouse effect exits. Scientific estimations evaluate the increase to as much as 33ºC (from –18ºC to the actual 15ºC). This natural phenomenon -being by far the dominan ...
... atmosphere. The consequence is a higher average temperature of the planet compared with the temperature that would prevail if no greenhouse effect exits. Scientific estimations evaluate the increase to as much as 33ºC (from –18ºC to the actual 15ºC). This natural phenomenon -being by far the dominan ...
CBIS` Perspective on Fossil Fuel Divestment
... }} CBIS was also part of an investor coalition with the Church Investor Group that persuaded Royal Dutch Shell and BP to support resolutions co-filed by CBIS asking for greater disclosure about their climate impact. CBIS led the work in the U.S. to hold the companies to account. The votes, both at 9 ...
... }} CBIS was also part of an investor coalition with the Church Investor Group that persuaded Royal Dutch Shell and BP to support resolutions co-filed by CBIS asking for greater disclosure about their climate impact. CBIS led the work in the U.S. to hold the companies to account. The votes, both at 9 ...
Agriculture and Climate: Short and Long-term Implications
... How can agriculture adapt to deal with the changes in climate that could be an obstacle to meet the future demand for food? One of the objectives of this study is the measurement of the consequences of this externality in rural markets: agriculture; and livestock. They are measured as economic costs ...
... How can agriculture adapt to deal with the changes in climate that could be an obstacle to meet the future demand for food? One of the objectives of this study is the measurement of the consequences of this externality in rural markets: agriculture; and livestock. They are measured as economic costs ...
Climate change projections for Greater Manchester
... factors such as volcanic activity, changes in solar output, changes in the Earth’s orbit and oscillations in the climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The difference between these natural cycles and the recent changes in climate we have ...
... factors such as volcanic activity, changes in solar output, changes in the Earth’s orbit and oscillations in the climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The difference between these natural cycles and the recent changes in climate we have ...
... 2011-2050 is similar under the A2 (US$142.88 million) and B2 (US$134.83 million) scenarios with A2 scenario having a slightly higher cost (0.737% of 2009 GDP) than the B2 scenario (0.695% of 2009 GDP) for the period. On the supply side, analyses indicate that Trinidad and Tobago’s energy sector will ...
Assessing global biome exposure to climate change through the
... during the Bølling and Allerød oscillations (14–13 ka cal bp) and at the end of the Younger Dryas that led into the Holocene period (11.5 ka cal bp). We also discuss periods that were warmer than the mH, such as the mid-Pliocene (3.6–2.6 Myr cal bp) and the Eemian Interglacial (130–116 ka cal bp) (S ...
... during the Bølling and Allerød oscillations (14–13 ka cal bp) and at the end of the Younger Dryas that led into the Holocene period (11.5 ka cal bp). We also discuss periods that were warmer than the mH, such as the mid-Pliocene (3.6–2.6 Myr cal bp) and the Eemian Interglacial (130–116 ka cal bp) (S ...
Ocean Science and Climate Change
... How can Canada contribute to the climate change discussions through ocean science? As stated, Canada has a unique and important role to play in understanding the ocean and climate change. Canada has the longest coastline in the world, spanning three oceans and 12 biologically distinct regions and en ...
... How can Canada contribute to the climate change discussions through ocean science? As stated, Canada has a unique and important role to play in understanding the ocean and climate change. Canada has the longest coastline in the world, spanning three oceans and 12 biologically distinct regions and en ...
Climate Change Briefing: Questions for Directors to Ask
... improving corporate governance. The purpose of this Briefing is to help company directors better understand the business impacts and governance issues arising from climate change. Climate change is a pressing global issue affecting all companies, public and private, with wide-ranging implications fo ...
... improving corporate governance. The purpose of this Briefing is to help company directors better understand the business impacts and governance issues arising from climate change. Climate change is a pressing global issue affecting all companies, public and private, with wide-ranging implications fo ...
The Effects of Future Climate Change on Energy Consumption in
... are stricter than those in 2003, they have nonetheless been developed based on historic climate knowledge. While lower current energy consumption may indicate greater climate resiliency, it cannot be taken for granted that buildings built to current codes will maintain higher performance levels unde ...
... are stricter than those in 2003, they have nonetheless been developed based on historic climate knowledge. While lower current energy consumption may indicate greater climate resiliency, it cannot be taken for granted that buildings built to current codes will maintain higher performance levels unde ...
The Abrahamic Religions and Climate Change - e
... faith and point to the activities in which the members engage that are most pertinent to addressing climate change. The discussion concludes with encouragement to Earth scientists to recognize that these leaders and organizations value scientific findings and essentially function as allies in the go ...
... faith and point to the activities in which the members engage that are most pertinent to addressing climate change. The discussion concludes with encouragement to Earth scientists to recognize that these leaders and organizations value scientific findings and essentially function as allies in the go ...
Costing Climate Change Adaptation: A Review of Estimates and Approaches
... restore pre-climate change welfare standards whose marginal benefits exceed marginal costs. Because welfare would not be fully restored, there ...
... restore pre-climate change welfare standards whose marginal benefits exceed marginal costs. Because welfare would not be fully restored, there ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.