Can regional climate engineering save the summer Arctic sea ice?
... bottom). However, continuous loss of sea ice in spring and early summer induces a positive surface albedo feedback, especially for the experiments with a smaller amount of dimming. For regional dimming experiments where temperatures are closer to being stabilized (3x60N and 4x60N), more summer Arcti ...
... bottom). However, continuous loss of sea ice in spring and early summer induces a positive surface albedo feedback, especially for the experiments with a smaller amount of dimming. For regional dimming experiments where temperatures are closer to being stabilized (3x60N and 4x60N), more summer Arcti ...
Lindzen2014-What Catastrophe.pdf
... is all consistent with what he holds responsible for climate change: a small bit of man-made impact and a whole lot of natural variability. The real fight, though, is over what’s coming in the future if humans continue to burn fossil fuels unabated. According to the IPCC, the answer is nothing good. ...
... is all consistent with what he holds responsible for climate change: a small bit of man-made impact and a whole lot of natural variability. The real fight, though, is over what’s coming in the future if humans continue to burn fossil fuels unabated. According to the IPCC, the answer is nothing good. ...
UNFCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, and the WTO – Brewing Conflicts or
... The Kyoto Protocol was the first global treaty to introduce binding GHG emission reduction targets for Annex I Parties. 26 These targets are expressed in terms of assigned amounts or allowed emission, which can be divided into assigned amount units (AAUs) similar to pollution permits or allowances. ...
... The Kyoto Protocol was the first global treaty to introduce binding GHG emission reduction targets for Annex I Parties. 26 These targets are expressed in terms of assigned amounts or allowed emission, which can be divided into assigned amount units (AAUs) similar to pollution permits or allowances. ...
Climate Change 2007. IPCC WG2
... Figure SPM-1. Locations of significant changes in observations of physical systems (snow, ice and frozen ground; hydrology; and coastal processes) and biological systems (terrestrial, marine, and freshwater biological systems), are shown together with surface air temperature changes over the period ...
... Figure SPM-1. Locations of significant changes in observations of physical systems (snow, ice and frozen ground; hydrology; and coastal processes) and biological systems (terrestrial, marine, and freshwater biological systems), are shown together with surface air temperature changes over the period ...
Download paper (PDF)
... recall that this is a 100 year forecast - how many economists would want to put their names to forecasts for 2100? Probably we would Þnd that the range of social and economic uncertainties is even greater if we were to think about it. Many of the uncertainties that appear in the forecasts arise natu ...
... recall that this is a 100 year forecast - how many economists would want to put their names to forecasts for 2100? Probably we would Þnd that the range of social and economic uncertainties is even greater if we were to think about it. Many of the uncertainties that appear in the forecasts arise natu ...
Potential Impact of Climate Change on Geographic Distribution of
... on several diebacks and cankers of fruit trees caused by pseudomonads (Vigouroux 1989). If the frost-line moves north in the Northern Hemisphere, higher winter temperatures could be accompanied by lower cold and freeze damages in Central Europe. Simultaneously, reduced risk of damage of stone fruit ...
... on several diebacks and cankers of fruit trees caused by pseudomonads (Vigouroux 1989). If the frost-line moves north in the Northern Hemisphere, higher winter temperatures could be accompanied by lower cold and freeze damages in Central Europe. Simultaneously, reduced risk of damage of stone fruit ...
Kevin Bliss, ( 657 KB) - Governors` Biofuels Coalition
... A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated the following: – “Eleven of the last twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature.” – A major concern relates to increasing concentrations of greenhouse ga ...
... A recent report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated the following: – “Eleven of the last twelve years (1995-2006) rank among the warmest years in the instrumental record of global surface temperature.” – A major concern relates to increasing concentrations of greenhouse ga ...
Expected impacts of climate change on extreme climate events
... The projection of future climate change at the scale of the century relies on the use of climate model simulations that represent the only way to account for the complex interactions and feedback between and within the different components of the climate system. However, climate simulations are limi ...
... The projection of future climate change at the scale of the century relies on the use of climate model simulations that represent the only way to account for the complex interactions and feedback between and within the different components of the climate system. However, climate simulations are limi ...
7. Nature, “Soot a major contributor to climate change” (15 Jan 2013)
... warming effect disappears within weeks to a decade and a half after emissions are reduced. Third is the recognition that in addition to being climate forcers, two of the three SLCPs are also harmful air pollutants and reducing them will prevent millions of premature deaths ever year and protect te ...
... warming effect disappears within weeks to a decade and a half after emissions are reduced. Third is the recognition that in addition to being climate forcers, two of the three SLCPs are also harmful air pollutants and reducing them will prevent millions of premature deaths ever year and protect te ...
The Strategy of Chinese Insurance Industry to Address Global Climate Change
... The insurance industry is a direct risk management industry, is in the forefront of the threat of climate change, it should take positive action to develop comprehensive climate change strategies to adapt to and mitigate climate change. Actively respond to climate change not only the development of ...
... The insurance industry is a direct risk management industry, is in the forefront of the threat of climate change, it should take positive action to develop comprehensive climate change strategies to adapt to and mitigate climate change. Actively respond to climate change not only the development of ...
What is the Climate System and How are we Altering It?
... with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertainty range associated with the forcing guided by the spread in the published record and physical understanding, and wi ...
... with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertainty range associated with the forcing guided by the spread in the published record and physical understanding, and wi ...
Adapting to Rising Sea Level: A Florida Perspective
... on Florida’s coastal and marine systems. Sea-level rise will increase erosion of beaches, cause saltwater intrusion into water supplies, inundate coastal marshes and other important habitats, and make coastal property more vulnerable to erosion and flooding. Yet most coastal areas are currently mana ...
... on Florida’s coastal and marine systems. Sea-level rise will increase erosion of beaches, cause saltwater intrusion into water supplies, inundate coastal marshes and other important habitats, and make coastal property more vulnerable to erosion and flooding. Yet most coastal areas are currently mana ...
GSK Public policy positions
... regulate the market. The EU is aiming to obtain 20% of the energy that it uses from renewable sources before the end of 2020. California in the US requires the state’s utilities to generate a third of their power from renewable sources by 2020. International Protocols have also been negotiated which ...
... regulate the market. The EU is aiming to obtain 20% of the energy that it uses from renewable sources before the end of 2020. California in the US requires the state’s utilities to generate a third of their power from renewable sources by 2020. International Protocols have also been negotiated which ...
CARBON CREDITS Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of
... Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of industrial greenhouse gas emissions, especially for power, cement, steel, textile, and fertilizer industries. The major greenhouse gases emitted by these industries are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), etc, which all inc ...
... Burning of fossil fuels is a major source of industrial greenhouse gas emissions, especially for power, cement, steel, textile, and fertilizer industries. The major greenhouse gases emitted by these industries are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydro-fluorocarbons (HFCs), etc, which all inc ...
“Hot Pink Flamingos: Stories of Hope in a Changing Sea” Exhibit
... Nearby, embedded in a realistic coral “graveyard,” an animated video illustrates the dire threat the oceans face from climate change: acidification that is changing ocean chemistry, putting corals and other marine life at risk. Here, visitors get a glimpse into cutting-edge technology that colleague ...
... Nearby, embedded in a realistic coral “graveyard,” an animated video illustrates the dire threat the oceans face from climate change: acidification that is changing ocean chemistry, putting corals and other marine life at risk. Here, visitors get a glimpse into cutting-edge technology that colleague ...
Reducing Risks, Enhancing Resilience
... consider the additional risks climate variability and change bring to their lives and livelihoods, and building the knowledge and skills to effectively address these risks while continuing to develop in a harsher climate. Effective adaptation requires incorporating a set of practical measures across ...
... consider the additional risks climate variability and change bring to their lives and livelihoods, and building the knowledge and skills to effectively address these risks while continuing to develop in a harsher climate. Effective adaptation requires incorporating a set of practical measures across ...
Scientific uncertainty and climate change: Part I. Uncertainty
... Instead, withholding emission cuts and continuing with “business as usual” equates to an active decision to add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This realization is non-trivial because it reframes the issue from whether or not societies “should do something,” to an acknowledgment that we are doin ...
... Instead, withholding emission cuts and continuing with “business as usual” equates to an active decision to add greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. This realization is non-trivial because it reframes the issue from whether or not societies “should do something,” to an acknowledgment that we are doin ...
PMIP
... models can be very useful to investigate the physical mechanisms of climate change. They can be used for example to test the sensitivity of the climate system to supposed forcing of past climates such as variations in solar radiation, ice sheet extent or CO2. ...
... models can be very useful to investigate the physical mechanisms of climate change. They can be used for example to test the sensitivity of the climate system to supposed forcing of past climates such as variations in solar radiation, ice sheet extent or CO2. ...
Facing the challenges of climate change
... “effort sharing” agreement in order to meet the emission reduction targets of 20% (based on 1990 levels) by 2020. In addition to this, Fáilte Ireland will also be required to meet the targets set for the public sector as part of Ireland‟s energy policy 1. This will require an increase in energy effi ...
... “effort sharing” agreement in order to meet the emission reduction targets of 20% (based on 1990 levels) by 2020. In addition to this, Fáilte Ireland will also be required to meet the targets set for the public sector as part of Ireland‟s energy policy 1. This will require an increase in energy effi ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... simulation. Our simulations indicate that eventual at- ...
... simulation. Our simulations indicate that eventual at- ...
PDF
... of dealing with damage caused by climate change. A post-2102 global climate agreement will need to pay special attention to adaptation and its potential role in modifying climate vulnerabilities in different countries and to the distribution of adaptation costs (Ott et al., 2008). Climate vulnerabil ...
... of dealing with damage caused by climate change. A post-2102 global climate agreement will need to pay special attention to adaptation and its potential role in modifying climate vulnerabilities in different countries and to the distribution of adaptation costs (Ott et al., 2008). Climate vulnerabil ...
A guide to climate change and adaptation in agriculture in South
... It has been a key challenge for producers to assess if a good or bad year is likely so they can maximise profits in the good years and minimise losses in the bad. This challenge is exacerbated by uncertainty about how climate extremes and average conditions will change as a result of climate change. ...
... It has been a key challenge for producers to assess if a good or bad year is likely so they can maximise profits in the good years and minimise losses in the bad. This challenge is exacerbated by uncertainty about how climate extremes and average conditions will change as a result of climate change. ...
Beyond the Limits - The Climate Institute
... The analysis below, based on the latest research and the report by Climate Analytics,13 updates The Climate Institute’s recommended carbon budget for Australia and discusses the implications for the post-2020 emissions targets currently proposed by both major political parties in Australia. Updating ...
... The analysis below, based on the latest research and the report by Climate Analytics,13 updates The Climate Institute’s recommended carbon budget for Australia and discusses the implications for the post-2020 emissions targets currently proposed by both major political parties in Australia. Updating ...
The ViTal imporTance of ending new fossil fuel leases in The gulf of
... leased contain up to 32.81 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO2e) — as much greenhouse gas pollution as 9,500 coal-fired power plants operating for a year. More leasing in the Gulf of Mexico will deepen the climate crisis and the harms already being felt by people living along the Gulf Coas ...
... leased contain up to 32.81 gigatons of carbon dioxide equivalent (Gt CO2e) — as much greenhouse gas pollution as 9,500 coal-fired power plants operating for a year. More leasing in the Gulf of Mexico will deepen the climate crisis and the harms already being felt by people living along the Gulf Coas ...
Annex III
... (see Aerosol-radiation interaction), and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (see Aerosol-cloud interaction). Aerosol-cloud interaction A process by which a perturbation to aerosol affects the microphysical properti ...
... (see Aerosol-radiation interaction), and indirectly by acting as cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei, modifying the optical properties and lifetime of clouds (see Aerosol-cloud interaction). Aerosol-cloud interaction A process by which a perturbation to aerosol affects the microphysical properti ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.