Chapter 4 – Climate and Climate Change
... projections for the Gladstone region for rainfall, temperature and average wind for 2030 and 2070, sea level up to 2100 and extreme weather. Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse ...
... projections for the Gladstone region for rainfall, temperature and average wind for 2030 and 2070, sea level up to 2100 and extreme weather. Generally, projections for 2030 show little variation between greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, as these changes in climate are mostly affected by greenhouse ...
Challenging the current climate change – migration nexus: exploring
... lasted between 30 and 45 minutes and started with the open question ‘What is climate change for you?’ This initial question was followed by questions that build on each other such as ‘What are the impacts of climate change?’, ‘What are the causes of climate change?’, ‘Which measures could be taken t ...
... lasted between 30 and 45 minutes and started with the open question ‘What is climate change for you?’ This initial question was followed by questions that build on each other such as ‘What are the impacts of climate change?’, ‘What are the causes of climate change?’, ‘Which measures could be taken t ...
Velocity of climate change algorithms for guiding conservation and
... Comparison of velocity algorithms Estimates of velocity of required migration from a global search for climate equivalents broadly conform to the results of Loarie et al.’s (2009) standard velocity algorithm when climate equivalents are nearby. This generally applies under moderate climate warming s ...
... Comparison of velocity algorithms Estimates of velocity of required migration from a global search for climate equivalents broadly conform to the results of Loarie et al.’s (2009) standard velocity algorithm when climate equivalents are nearby. This generally applies under moderate climate warming s ...
Rethinking wedges
... 2. Solving the climate problem Stabilizing global climate requires decreasing CO2 emissions to near zero [8–11]. If emissions were to stop completely, global temperatures would quickly stabilize and decrease gradually over time [8, 12, 13]. But socioeconomic demands and dependence on fossil-fuel ene ...
... 2. Solving the climate problem Stabilizing global climate requires decreasing CO2 emissions to near zero [8–11]. If emissions were to stop completely, global temperatures would quickly stabilize and decrease gradually over time [8, 12, 13]. But socioeconomic demands and dependence on fossil-fuel ene ...
EPA`s Climate Resilience Evaluation and
... force main against climate related threats: Sheet piles in the location of the existing force main to ...
... force main against climate related threats: Sheet piles in the location of the existing force main to ...
Demographic Amplification of Climate Change Experienced by the
... Finally, because human population size and distribution have been previously argued to be strongly associated with coastal zones and navigable rivers and only weakly with climate conditions [19] we included distance from waterway (calculated as the shortest distance between the centroid of each coun ...
... Finally, because human population size and distribution have been previously argued to be strongly associated with coastal zones and navigable rivers and only weakly with climate conditions [19] we included distance from waterway (calculated as the shortest distance between the centroid of each coun ...
Land-use and carbon cycle responses
... indicated otherwise) since trees take up more CO2 through photosynthesis than they respire and thereupon store the absorbed carbon in vegetation and soil (biological carbon sequestration and storage)4,5. Therefore, afforestation can remove CO2 from the atmosphere, which is also known as negative CO2 ...
... indicated otherwise) since trees take up more CO2 through photosynthesis than they respire and thereupon store the absorbed carbon in vegetation and soil (biological carbon sequestration and storage)4,5. Therefore, afforestation can remove CO2 from the atmosphere, which is also known as negative CO2 ...
An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its
... severe risk to political, economic, and social stability. In less prosperous regions, where countries lack the resources and capabilities required to adapt quickly to more severe conditions, the problem is very likely to be exacerbated. For some countries, climate change could become such a challeng ...
... severe risk to political, economic, and social stability. In less prosperous regions, where countries lack the resources and capabilities required to adapt quickly to more severe conditions, the problem is very likely to be exacerbated. For some countries, climate change could become such a challeng ...
Dangerous Scientific Reticence
... Unless recognized, it may severely diminish our chances of averting dangerous climate change. It may be clearest if I describe two of my experiences in the last few years, and then comment on why this topic is important. However, I want to emphasize that my experience with Atmospheric Chemistry and ...
... Unless recognized, it may severely diminish our chances of averting dangerous climate change. It may be clearest if I describe two of my experiences in the last few years, and then comment on why this topic is important. However, I want to emphasize that my experience with Atmospheric Chemistry and ...
The Strategic Threat of Inevitable Climate Change
... occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for a broad range of human and natural systems…. Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of ...
... occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for a broad range of human and natural systems…. Some scientific conclusions or theories have been so thoroughly examined and tested, and supported by so many independent observations and results, that their likelihood of ...
36x48 Horizontal Poster
... sensitive to climate variability and change. Though there is evidence that climate change is presently occurring from the recent observational record on global and continental scales. How these changes bear on the hydroclimate at the river basin scale is still uncertain. Observed streamflow declines ...
... sensitive to climate variability and change. Though there is evidence that climate change is presently occurring from the recent observational record on global and continental scales. How these changes bear on the hydroclimate at the river basin scale is still uncertain. Observed streamflow declines ...
Yesterday`s dinner, tomorrow`s weather, today`s news? US
... a relatively small (though not insignificant) portion of food system impacts(21–25). Using food crops for fuel also affects emissions; although some evidence suggests costs outweigh benefits(26–28). The above-described food system effects on climate change are complex, interactive and dependent on m ...
... a relatively small (though not insignificant) portion of food system impacts(21–25). Using food crops for fuel also affects emissions; although some evidence suggests costs outweigh benefits(26–28). The above-described food system effects on climate change are complex, interactive and dependent on m ...
Embargoed Material – Do not distribute, blog, tweet, forward, or
... With a comprehensive climate bill stalled at the federal level, many are turning to the states to make progress toward reducing carbon emissions. Are they ready? To succeed, reductions will be needed from many sectors. This report examines what states are doing to reduce carbon emissions from transp ...
... With a comprehensive climate bill stalled at the federal level, many are turning to the states to make progress toward reducing carbon emissions. Are they ready? To succeed, reductions will be needed from many sectors. This report examines what states are doing to reduce carbon emissions from transp ...
i1880e13
... Grasslands occupy approximately half of the ice-free land area of the world, make up about 70 percent of the world’s agricultural area, and are an important agricultural resource, particularly in areas where people are among the most food insecure. Despite their significant potential for carbon (C) ...
... Grasslands occupy approximately half of the ice-free land area of the world, make up about 70 percent of the world’s agricultural area, and are an important agricultural resource, particularly in areas where people are among the most food insecure. Despite their significant potential for carbon (C) ...
twelve things we´ve learned on the road to paris
... Will negative emissions technology get us to two degrees? PAGE 31 ...
... Will negative emissions technology get us to two degrees? PAGE 31 ...
Infosylva 23/2009
... Deal on forests likely As debate ratchets up ahead of working out a climate change deal, a Dutch study says emissions from deforestation and land degradation are far lower than has been assumed. Will this have an impact on a deal to protect forests in Africa? Palm oil production making limited progr ...
... Deal on forests likely As debate ratchets up ahead of working out a climate change deal, a Dutch study says emissions from deforestation and land degradation are far lower than has been assumed. Will this have an impact on a deal to protect forests in Africa? Palm oil production making limited progr ...
Calculating the social cost of carbon
... The fundamental concept is the social cost of carbon that measures the present discounted value of the additional social costs (or the marginal social damage) that an extra tonne of carbon released now would impose on the current and future society. This immediately raises four questions: what is so ...
... The fundamental concept is the social cost of carbon that measures the present discounted value of the additional social costs (or the marginal social damage) that an extra tonne of carbon released now would impose on the current and future society. This immediately raises four questions: what is so ...
Future Climate: Projected Average
... climate and a statistical representation of its variability over the Southwest (Ruff, Kushnir, and Seager 2012) and to some extent key regions such as the tropical Pacific that are known to drive important climate variations in the Southwest region (Dai 2006; IPCC 2007; Cayan et al. 2009). Many appl ...
... climate and a statistical representation of its variability over the Southwest (Ruff, Kushnir, and Seager 2012) and to some extent key regions such as the tropical Pacific that are known to drive important climate variations in the Southwest region (Dai 2006; IPCC 2007; Cayan et al. 2009). Many appl ...
Climate Ready Stirling`s Main Issues Report
... (Section 2), identify how the community could be impacted by those changes (Section 3), and then identify the steps they can take to adapt to the anticipated impacts (Section 4). Planning to adapt to the impacts of climate change can help communities save money, make better long-term decisions, and ...
... (Section 2), identify how the community could be impacted by those changes (Section 3), and then identify the steps they can take to adapt to the anticipated impacts (Section 4). Planning to adapt to the impacts of climate change can help communities save money, make better long-term decisions, and ...
occasional paper 9 - Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and
... normal for another. Because extreme weather is defined as anomalous and relatively rare, it can be difficult to detect trends in weather and climate records without having access to good quality, representative weather/climate data from well maintained observation stations with long periods of data ...
... normal for another. Because extreme weather is defined as anomalous and relatively rare, it can be difficult to detect trends in weather and climate records without having access to good quality, representative weather/climate data from well maintained observation stations with long periods of data ...
Climatechange impacts on sandybeach biota: crossing a line in the
... (e.g., Cheung et al., 2009; Pike, 2013b), synthesis of observational evidence (Box 1) of such responses to contemporary climate change has until recently been neglected, especially for ocean systems (Poloczanska et al., 2013). Coastal systems supply disproportionate ecological services and benefits ...
... (e.g., Cheung et al., 2009; Pike, 2013b), synthesis of observational evidence (Box 1) of such responses to contemporary climate change has until recently been neglected, especially for ocean systems (Poloczanska et al., 2013). Coastal systems supply disproportionate ecological services and benefits ...
Time series analyses reveal possible responses by the lichen
... (Table 3). Hence, respiration increased more than the gross photosynthesis which resulted ...
... (Table 3). Hence, respiration increased more than the gross photosynthesis which resulted ...
CCWG - Vietnam Climate Finance Options
... results, and by making adjustments to the project design or implementation plan to mitigate those risks. For example, a water pump built on low ground may be damaged with an increase in the frequency and severity of floods, rendering it useless not long after it is built. By raising the pump above p ...
... results, and by making adjustments to the project design or implementation plan to mitigate those risks. For example, a water pump built on low ground may be damaged with an increase in the frequency and severity of floods, rendering it useless not long after it is built. By raising the pump above p ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.