Building Resilience and Reducing Emissions
... in GHG emissions. Hence, without offsetting measures, broad-based growth initiatives alone can have severe negative impacts on the environment. Meeting LAC’s development goals while contributing to stabilizing the planet’s climate will require large investments in mitigation. Box 1. IPCC definitions ...
... in GHG emissions. Hence, without offsetting measures, broad-based growth initiatives alone can have severe negative impacts on the environment. Meeting LAC’s development goals while contributing to stabilizing the planet’s climate will require large investments in mitigation. Box 1. IPCC definitions ...
teacher pages - Lab Aids | Store
... plates can decrease atmospheric CO2 levels and cause global cooling. 6. describe how certain changes in Earth’s systems such as sudden changes in ocean circulation, can cause more rapid climate change. 7. relate the predictions of global climate models to CO2 emissions, and to data regarding chang ...
... plates can decrease atmospheric CO2 levels and cause global cooling. 6. describe how certain changes in Earth’s systems such as sudden changes in ocean circulation, can cause more rapid climate change. 7. relate the predictions of global climate models to CO2 emissions, and to data regarding chang ...
Durham Research Online
... computers; the goal is to simulate how Earth’s climate would change if greenhouse gas emissions were to rise at particular rates in the future. But there is uncertainty about how to build these climate models in such a way that predictions of future climate change will have desired accuracy. The unc ...
... computers; the goal is to simulate how Earth’s climate would change if greenhouse gas emissions were to rise at particular rates in the future. But there is uncertainty about how to build these climate models in such a way that predictions of future climate change will have desired accuracy. The unc ...
20090302_SPM_Discuss..
... temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. This is an advance since the TAR’s conclusion that “most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas con ...
... temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations. This is an advance since the TAR’s conclusion that “most of the observed warming over the last 50 years is likely to have been due to the increase in greenhouse gas con ...
annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
... stays in the atmosphere and thus may accelerate the CO2 atmospheric growth rate. During El Niño events, the uptake by land is usually decreased. As during the previous significant El Niño of 1997/1998, the increase in net emissions is likely due to increased drought in tropical regions, leading to l ...
... stays in the atmosphere and thus may accelerate the CO2 atmospheric growth rate. During El Niño events, the uptake by land is usually decreased. As during the previous significant El Niño of 1997/1998, the increase in net emissions is likely due to increased drought in tropical regions, leading to l ...
magnitude and frequency
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
... This Report Card provides an appraisal of the evidence for potential changes in flood magnitude and frequency based on climate model results. The majority of climate model experiments point to increased flood hazard for the UK linked to more extreme precipitation events and greater winter rainfall t ...
Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation
... is a critical factor in decisions about migration. Indeed, as has been recently argued in this journal, for its impacts on communities and cultures, wholesale resettlement of populations may often be maladaptive, and should be a strategy of last resort 25. Individuals with a high level of place atta ...
... is a critical factor in decisions about migration. Indeed, as has been recently argued in this journal, for its impacts on communities and cultures, wholesale resettlement of populations may often be maladaptive, and should be a strategy of last resort 25. Individuals with a high level of place atta ...
Research Paper: Climate Change and Resource Sustainability
... by worldwide climate scientists. There would be a few members of the CIA who would have a good understanding of the issues involved. But the majority of actuaries may not have such understanding. As a result, actuaries have to be guided by the work done by the climate science community. No doubt, ev ...
... by worldwide climate scientists. There would be a few members of the CIA who would have a good understanding of the issues involved. But the majority of actuaries may not have such understanding. As a result, actuaries have to be guided by the work done by the climate science community. No doubt, ev ...
Impacts of climate change on plant food allergens: a previously
... In addition to the research on pollen amount, and other impacts of climate change on aeroallergens, there is now a study on the impact of rising [CO2] on actual allergen content of pollen. Singer et al. (2005) quantified ragweed’s major allergen, Amb a 1, in protein extracted from pollen of A. artem ...
... In addition to the research on pollen amount, and other impacts of climate change on aeroallergens, there is now a study on the impact of rising [CO2] on actual allergen content of pollen. Singer et al. (2005) quantified ragweed’s major allergen, Amb a 1, in protein extracted from pollen of A. artem ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part I: Observing
... Intuitively speaking, the weather is the state of the atmosphere at a certain point of time. The climate, by contrast, is the distribution of certain variables (called the climate variables) arising for a certain configuration (i.e. certain gas greenhouse concentrations and certain aerosol emissions ...
... Intuitively speaking, the weather is the state of the atmosphere at a certain point of time. The climate, by contrast, is the distribution of certain variables (called the climate variables) arising for a certain configuration (i.e. certain gas greenhouse concentrations and certain aerosol emissions ...
The Anthropocene epoch: scientists declare dawn
... children, but we accept that they will die after we ourselves have died. Similarly, we can avoid the fear of climate change by placing its impacts beyond our own life span. In focus groups, people often do this quite openly, justifying their indifference with the observation that it is all in the fu ...
... children, but we accept that they will die after we ourselves have died. Similarly, we can avoid the fear of climate change by placing its impacts beyond our own life span. In focus groups, people often do this quite openly, justifying their indifference with the observation that it is all in the fu ...
Human Induced Climate Change: The IPCC Fourth Assessment
... (SPMs), which are initially drafted by the co-chairs of the working groups and teams of lead authors of the main assessment report and then subject to review by experts and governments. SPMs are approved line by line by IPCC member governments meeting in Plenary session under the Chairmanship of the ...
... (SPMs), which are initially drafted by the co-chairs of the working groups and teams of lead authors of the main assessment report and then subject to review by experts and governments. SPMs are approved line by line by IPCC member governments meeting in Plenary session under the Chairmanship of the ...
Beyond long-term averages: making biological sense of a rapidly
... accurately capture limits under future, novel climatic conditions [24,25]. An explicit focus on the weather patterns likely to occur under future climate scenarios [26] coupled with knowledge of which factors most affect organisms [14] will provide insights into this dilemma. For example, many studi ...
... accurately capture limits under future, novel climatic conditions [24,25]. An explicit focus on the weather patterns likely to occur under future climate scenarios [26] coupled with knowledge of which factors most affect organisms [14] will provide insights into this dilemma. For example, many studi ...
Working Paper 136 - Dietz and Matei 2013 revised October 2014 (opens in new window)
... 3. Practical aspects of climate policy 4. Adaptation and development 5. Resource security More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
... 3. Practical aspects of climate policy 4. Adaptation and development 5. Resource security More information about the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment can be found at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/grantham. ...
Forestry Commission case study
... Vicky is a specialist adviser in the Climate Change Team in Edinburgh. She studied Maths at University. 'My skills were a good fit as we need to have hard facts and figures to understand the impact trees can have on climate change. For example, we need to know how much carbon is stored in woodland a ...
... Vicky is a specialist adviser in the Climate Change Team in Edinburgh. She studied Maths at University. 'My skills were a good fit as we need to have hard facts and figures to understand the impact trees can have on climate change. For example, we need to know how much carbon is stored in woodland a ...
The Climate Change Fiasco
... combined effect is an estimated temperature rise of 2 to 4.5 degrees for a doubling of CO2 concentration. This magnification is known as positive feedback. In reality numerous reports show there is a negative feedback and the global temperature will only increase by about 0.6 degrees and possibly le ...
... combined effect is an estimated temperature rise of 2 to 4.5 degrees for a doubling of CO2 concentration. This magnification is known as positive feedback. In reality numerous reports show there is a negative feedback and the global temperature will only increase by about 0.6 degrees and possibly le ...
The European climate under a 2 °C global warming
... RCM biases than parametric methods (Gudmundsson et al 2012). In order to avoid the suppression of new extremes in the future periods (i.e. values outside the calibration range), our implementation uses the correction terms of minimum and maximum values of the calibration range outside of the calibra ...
... RCM biases than parametric methods (Gudmundsson et al 2012). In order to avoid the suppression of new extremes in the future periods (i.e. values outside the calibration range), our implementation uses the correction terms of minimum and maximum values of the calibration range outside of the calibra ...
C
... importance, he explained, for legislation allocating greenhouse gas emissions permits to take into account past progress, such as Alcoa’s 22.5 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to a 1990 benchmark. It was not hard to see the link between Alcoa’s voluntary emissions reductions an ...
... importance, he explained, for legislation allocating greenhouse gas emissions permits to take into account past progress, such as Alcoa’s 22.5 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions relative to a 1990 benchmark. It was not hard to see the link between Alcoa’s voluntary emissions reductions an ...
Marine Climate Change Impacts Partnership (MCCIP) Report card
... in species numbers, distribution, etc. varies depending on a combination of factors and our understanding of the natural dynamics of the different species. For plankton species, which are short-lived and for which there is an existing long time series of data it is relatively easy. For many other or ...
... in species numbers, distribution, etc. varies depending on a combination of factors and our understanding of the natural dynamics of the different species. For plankton species, which are short-lived and for which there is an existing long time series of data it is relatively easy. For many other or ...
6. Whatever the weather. Media attitudes to reporting
... The Kyoto Protocol and development issues: most of those who knew about it said that the Kyoto Protocol provided a way forward but was constrained by lack of consensus, and so was probably not enough in itself. There was consensus that developing countries needed to ‘do their bit’, even though this ...
... The Kyoto Protocol and development issues: most of those who knew about it said that the Kyoto Protocol provided a way forward but was constrained by lack of consensus, and so was probably not enough in itself. There was consensus that developing countries needed to ‘do their bit’, even though this ...
Climate change and animal health in Africa
... water bodies for irrigation in drier areas may facilitate the survival of the intermediate snail host of F. gigantica. Although diseases transmitted directly between animals in close contact are less related to climate, changes in the ecosystem resulting in the disappearance or intermittent availabi ...
... water bodies for irrigation in drier areas may facilitate the survival of the intermediate snail host of F. gigantica. Although diseases transmitted directly between animals in close contact are less related to climate, changes in the ecosystem resulting in the disappearance or intermittent availabi ...
chapter eight climate change, northern subsistence and land based
... ‘thaw lakes’ and subsidence on the land, disrupting natural drainage patterns, damaging forests and making travel much more difficult (Harris, 1987). In sum, such degradation of the permafrost will have serious ramifications for existing ecosystems and wildlife habitat (Canadian Climate Program Boar ...
... ‘thaw lakes’ and subsidence on the land, disrupting natural drainage patterns, damaging forests and making travel much more difficult (Harris, 1987). In sum, such degradation of the permafrost will have serious ramifications for existing ecosystems and wildlife habitat (Canadian Climate Program Boar ...
Report
... to adapt industry and labor in a steady transition to a low carbon economy. Several renewable energy technology solutions currently exist in the market including solar, wind, and carbon capture and storage. These technologies are readily available and some quickly scalable, however, if the U.S. wish ...
... to adapt industry and labor in a steady transition to a low carbon economy. Several renewable energy technology solutions currently exist in the market including solar, wind, and carbon capture and storage. These technologies are readily available and some quickly scalable, however, if the U.S. wish ...
Weather and climate: changing human exposures
... alter the intensity of the greenhouse effect. This analogy arose because these gases have been likened to the glass of a greenhouse that lets in sunlight but does not allow heat to escape. This is only partially correct—a real greenhouse elevates the temperature not only by the glass absorbing infra ...
... alter the intensity of the greenhouse effect. This analogy arose because these gases have been likened to the glass of a greenhouse that lets in sunlight but does not allow heat to escape. This is only partially correct—a real greenhouse elevates the temperature not only by the glass absorbing infra ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.