intended nationally determined contribution of mongolia
... Change 2014, the impacts and consequences of climate change are eventually visible in Mongolia through environmental degradation with the change in water resources and regimes, shrinking lakes, ponds and springs in non-permafrost areas, depletion of groundwater tables, pasture and soil degradation d ...
... Change 2014, the impacts and consequences of climate change are eventually visible in Mongolia through environmental degradation with the change in water resources and regimes, shrinking lakes, ponds and springs in non-permafrost areas, depletion of groundwater tables, pasture and soil degradation d ...
Climate change impacts in the Atlantic Basin and
... Wandel 2006). Actions can be either anticipatory or reactive, as well as autonomous (i.e., independent or ad-hoc) or planned (i.e., governmental measures) (Adger et al. 2005). Further, adaptation actions can be taken through either private (individual) or public (collective) action, though generall ...
... Wandel 2006). Actions can be either anticipatory or reactive, as well as autonomous (i.e., independent or ad-hoc) or planned (i.e., governmental measures) (Adger et al. 2005). Further, adaptation actions can be taken through either private (individual) or public (collective) action, though generall ...
Changing Landscapes, Changing Lives
... 3. Agriculture and food security: A warming climate can increase growing seasons in more northerly latitudes; however, an increase in extreme weather events (that can spoil or damage crops and farm infrastructure) may offset these positive changes. Implications related to losses of traditional foods ...
... 3. Agriculture and food security: A warming climate can increase growing seasons in more northerly latitudes; however, an increase in extreme weather events (that can spoil or damage crops and farm infrastructure) may offset these positive changes. Implications related to losses of traditional foods ...
National Security in the 21st Century: How the National Security
... policy”76 by creating a central advisory coordinating office for all matters related to national security.77 Before World War II, it had become increasingly clear that the United States needed a more unified approach to deal with national security issues, and that need became apparent to the public ...
... policy”76 by creating a central advisory coordinating office for all matters related to national security.77 Before World War II, it had become increasingly clear that the United States needed a more unified approach to deal with national security issues, and that need became apparent to the public ...
Combined biogeophysical and biogeochemical
... stored about 166 GtC (about 34% of total anthropogenic carbon) during the last two centuries, while total emissions of 200 GtC are attributed to deforestation in this period (House, 2002). The Kyoto Protocol takes afforestation into account by considering such changes in carbon pools. As Pielke et a ...
... stored about 166 GtC (about 34% of total anthropogenic carbon) during the last two centuries, while total emissions of 200 GtC are attributed to deforestation in this period (House, 2002). The Kyoto Protocol takes afforestation into account by considering such changes in carbon pools. As Pielke et a ...
kg/ha/yr - Clinton Devon Estates
... The Project has confirmed the key role which agriculture and land management has in mitigating climate change. Farmers, as on the Clinton Devon farms, need to start by ensuring that their systems – particularly the cultivations, feeding system and diary equipment – are as energy efficient as possibl ...
... The Project has confirmed the key role which agriculture and land management has in mitigating climate change. Farmers, as on the Clinton Devon farms, need to start by ensuring that their systems – particularly the cultivations, feeding system and diary equipment – are as energy efficient as possibl ...
2010 - National Center for Science Education
... 71. If you were to rate yourself in terms of being an environmental activist, where would you place yourself on the following scale? ________________________________________________________ 82 72. If you were to rate yourself in terms of being concerned about general environmental conditions, includ ...
... 71. If you were to rate yourself in terms of being an environmental activist, where would you place yourself on the following scale? ________________________________________________________ 82 72. If you were to rate yourself in terms of being concerned about general environmental conditions, includ ...
Natural Disasters and Their Mitigation for Sustainable Agricultural
... rather than ‘catastrophic’ weather conditions, can cause losses on a scale normally associated with natural catastrophes.” The cost of coping with such climatic anomalies is rising because of a combination of changes in the nature of natural disasters and the increasing vulnerability of society to ...
... rather than ‘catastrophic’ weather conditions, can cause losses on a scale normally associated with natural catastrophes.” The cost of coping with such climatic anomalies is rising because of a combination of changes in the nature of natural disasters and the increasing vulnerability of society to ...
Behavioral dimensions of climate change
... is indispensible for increasing understanding of the anthropogenic drivers of climate change, how to mitigate them, and how to promote effective adaptation to our changing world. ...
... is indispensible for increasing understanding of the anthropogenic drivers of climate change, how to mitigate them, and how to promote effective adaptation to our changing world. ...
Modeling Earth`s future
... surfaces, and oceans. These models indicate that as humans release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, converting forests to agricultural land, and other activities, the world will warm. This warming would be expected to change weather patterns, the ...
... surfaces, and oceans. These models indicate that as humans release carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, converting forests to agricultural land, and other activities, the world will warm. This warming would be expected to change weather patterns, the ...
No. 63, JANUARY 2010 Norbert P. Psuty, Editor
... Authors are encouraged to submit papers describing previously unpublished, original research results, not currently under review by another conference or journal, or case studies of good practice. For Littoral 2010 CoastNet are introducing a new category of paper to be included in the proceedings, e ...
... Authors are encouraged to submit papers describing previously unpublished, original research results, not currently under review by another conference or journal, or case studies of good practice. For Littoral 2010 CoastNet are introducing a new category of paper to be included in the proceedings, e ...
00044185_Award 44185
... development planning process. The Director, Technical Assistance in External Resources Department will be the Senior Supplier and Director, Global Affairs Division in MOE will be the main beneficiary. Assistant Resident Representative of UNDP will provide project assurance. National Project Coordina ...
... development planning process. The Director, Technical Assistance in External Resources Department will be the Senior Supplier and Director, Global Affairs Division in MOE will be the main beneficiary. Assistant Resident Representative of UNDP will provide project assurance. National Project Coordina ...
Planning Horizons no.2 | Future
... it is timely to review the challenges that we face now and their potential to shape professional planning for the next 100 years. Our Planning Horizons series of papers considers how planning needs to respond to some of the major challenges we face in the twenty-first century. These challenges are a ...
... it is timely to review the challenges that we face now and their potential to shape professional planning for the next 100 years. Our Planning Horizons series of papers considers how planning needs to respond to some of the major challenges we face in the twenty-first century. These challenges are a ...
water - Evian
... activities, while water is one of the first resources to be affected. Water, which is precious and fragile, and a source of life for nature, Man, and all of his activities, is often only perceived via the risks that it may represent (flooding, droughts, and storms). However, what we are less aware o ...
... activities, while water is one of the first resources to be affected. Water, which is precious and fragile, and a source of life for nature, Man, and all of his activities, is often only perceived via the risks that it may represent (flooding, droughts, and storms). However, what we are less aware o ...
Fritz Reusswig, Lutz Meyer-Ohlendorf Social Representation of
... of ‘givenness’ we have to talk about subjective elements: our sensations of temperature or rain, the subjective perspectives and the situations in which concrete experiences have been made, the conceptual and/or language elements by which we formulate what we have experienced, the standards of commu ...
... of ‘givenness’ we have to talk about subjective elements: our sensations of temperature or rain, the subjective perspectives and the situations in which concrete experiences have been made, the conceptual and/or language elements by which we formulate what we have experienced, the standards of commu ...
Climate Change Corrections - Florida Department of Environmental
... and associated public drinking water supplies are at risk from saltwater intrusion. The Pensacola and Miami-to-Palm Beach corridors are especially vulnerable to saltwater intrusion into public water supplies and reduced aquifer recharge. • Climate change is likely to have a significant ...
... and associated public drinking water supplies are at risk from saltwater intrusion. The Pensacola and Miami-to-Palm Beach corridors are especially vulnerable to saltwater intrusion into public water supplies and reduced aquifer recharge. • Climate change is likely to have a significant ...
SAARC_ People`s Regionalism
... Commission a SAARC Inter-governmental Marine Initiative & SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre to strengthen the understanding of shared oceans and water bodies in the region, and facilitate critical roles to promote sustainable living, Commission a SAARC Inter-governmental Climate-related Disasters ...
... Commission a SAARC Inter-governmental Marine Initiative & SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre to strengthen the understanding of shared oceans and water bodies in the region, and facilitate critical roles to promote sustainable living, Commission a SAARC Inter-governmental Climate-related Disasters ...
Hawaii`s Changing Climate - School of Ocean and Earth Science
... Richardson School of Law, the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, the College of Social Sciences, and the Hawai‘inuiäkea School of Hawaiian Knowledge, UH Sea Grant established the Center for Island Climate Adaptation and Policy (ICAP). ...
... Richardson School of Law, the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, the College of Social Sciences, and the Hawai‘inuiäkea School of Hawaiian Knowledge, UH Sea Grant established the Center for Island Climate Adaptation and Policy (ICAP). ...
Chapter 3: Natural Resources - Ressources naturelles Canada
... of natural resource sector industries, including activities associated with exploration, development, operation, distribution, closure and reclamation/rehabilitation. These risks relate to impacts and natural hazards associated with climate extremes (e.g. heat, cold, precipitation) and to slow-onset ...
... of natural resource sector industries, including activities associated with exploration, development, operation, distribution, closure and reclamation/rehabilitation. These risks relate to impacts and natural hazards associated with climate extremes (e.g. heat, cold, precipitation) and to slow-onset ...
A vulnerability driven approach to identify adverse climate and land
... information on future climate is integrated to assess the plausibility of the hydrologic indicator to transition into a vulnerable regime in the future. These bottom-up approaches are sometimes also termed decision scaling or context-first approaches. They can be used in a wide variety of problems an ...
... information on future climate is integrated to assess the plausibility of the hydrologic indicator to transition into a vulnerable regime in the future. These bottom-up approaches are sometimes also termed decision scaling or context-first approaches. They can be used in a wide variety of problems an ...
Integrating Climate Change into Strategic Environmental Assessment in Ireland A Guidance Note
... of decision making including policies, plans and programmes and strategies (PPPS). The European Commission (EC) describes mainstreaming as the functional integration of climate change mitigation and adaptation policy priorities into everyday planning and management. Strategic Environmental Assessmen ...
... of decision making including policies, plans and programmes and strategies (PPPS). The European Commission (EC) describes mainstreaming as the functional integration of climate change mitigation and adaptation policy priorities into everyday planning and management. Strategic Environmental Assessmen ...
Climate Change Scenarios for the Congo Basin
... Historically, vulnerability has been approached from two points of view, the top-down and bottom-upapproach (Figure 3). The Bottom-up approach is often used more in social sciences studies, with focus on vulnerability of society or communities. It derives its data from studying the existing local so ...
... Historically, vulnerability has been approached from two points of view, the top-down and bottom-upapproach (Figure 3). The Bottom-up approach is often used more in social sciences studies, with focus on vulnerability of society or communities. It derives its data from studying the existing local so ...
Detectability of Anthropogenic Changes in Annual Temperature and
... extremes is that daily station data are not readily comparable with daily model output. This occurs because model data represent area averages while station data are local, yielding quite different extremes, particularly for fields with fine spatial structure such as precipitation. Gridding station ...
... extremes is that daily station data are not readily comparable with daily model output. This occurs because model data represent area averages while station data are local, yielding quite different extremes, particularly for fields with fine spatial structure such as precipitation. Gridding station ...
- White Rose Research Online
... extreme floods. There was no significant interaction between flood type and time, suggesting a similar increasing pattern over time for typical and extreme floods (p>.05). Subsequent analyses focus on perceived changes in flood risk as compared to the past, and expectations for flood risks into the ...
... extreme floods. There was no significant interaction between flood type and time, suggesting a similar increasing pattern over time for typical and extreme floods (p>.05). Subsequent analyses focus on perceived changes in flood risk as compared to the past, and expectations for flood risks into the ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... cloud coverage, whose diurnal cycle is closely related to that of total cloud water path (7, 8) and thus plays a critical role in the energy budget. To avoid dealing with higher harmonics of a Fourier decomposition of the DCC for cases with significant deviations from sinusoidal shapes (9) and lack ...
... cloud coverage, whose diurnal cycle is closely related to that of total cloud water path (7, 8) and thus plays a critical role in the energy budget. To avoid dealing with higher harmonics of a Fourier decomposition of the DCC for cases with significant deviations from sinusoidal shapes (9) and lack ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.