The Economic Climate: Establishing Expert Consensus on the
... than the scientific consensus. He argues that by presenting these opinions in the form of a “sophisticated” model, modelers dishonestly represent IAMs as current scientific consensus, instead of as a black box that transforms the modeler’s assumptions into policy recommendations and SCC estimates. ...
... than the scientific consensus. He argues that by presenting these opinions in the form of a “sophisticated” model, modelers dishonestly represent IAMs as current scientific consensus, instead of as a black box that transforms the modeler’s assumptions into policy recommendations and SCC estimates. ...
Climate Change and Hunger - Responding to the Challenge
... natural hazards and take appropriate measures to cushion their impacts. WFP also provides emergency relief food assistance when disasters strike, helping devastated families to recover and rebuild, while assisting vulnerable communities to adapt to more difficult and uncertain times. Responding to i ...
... natural hazards and take appropriate measures to cushion their impacts. WFP also provides emergency relief food assistance when disasters strike, helping devastated families to recover and rebuild, while assisting vulnerable communities to adapt to more difficult and uncertain times. Responding to i ...
Climate Change and State Consent - U
... likely to rise and thus the interests of all states except land locked ones will be affected usually in some negative way. Combine this with the fact that societies will have a hard time making a significant difference to climate change without the participation of many other countries and could con ...
... likely to rise and thus the interests of all states except land locked ones will be affected usually in some negative way. Combine this with the fact that societies will have a hard time making a significant difference to climate change without the participation of many other countries and could con ...
sn c project namibia
... inequalities inherited from the apartheid system of colonial South Africa, and inequality in the distribution of income and assets is among the highest in the world. About 38% of households live in poverty. There is scarcity of water and this has limited the extent of economic development options av ...
... inequalities inherited from the apartheid system of colonial South Africa, and inequality in the distribution of income and assets is among the highest in the world. About 38% of households live in poverty. There is scarcity of water and this has limited the extent of economic development options av ...
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... temperature quickly, and second that they can be used to “buy time” by slowing down the increase in temperature so that new abatement or emission reducing technologies can be developed. On the other hand, there are many arguments against SRM, suggesting that the injection of sulfate aerosols into th ...
... temperature quickly, and second that they can be used to “buy time” by slowing down the increase in temperature so that new abatement or emission reducing technologies can be developed. On the other hand, there are many arguments against SRM, suggesting that the injection of sulfate aerosols into th ...
Spain - Met Office
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
... available to the researchers in the project was used, unless there were good scientific reasons for not doing so. For example, some impacts areas were omitted, such as many of those associated with human health. In this case, these impacts are strongly dependant on local factors and do not easily le ...
A Preventable Crisis: El Niño and La Niña events need earlier
... hit, due to droughts, floods, erratic rains and/or the creeping effects of climate change; Central America has had three years of drought. • The impact was deepened by other factors, such as coffee rust in Central America, political turmoil in Haiti, and the fall in international commodity prices an ...
... hit, due to droughts, floods, erratic rains and/or the creeping effects of climate change; Central America has had three years of drought. • The impact was deepened by other factors, such as coffee rust in Central America, political turmoil in Haiti, and the fall in international commodity prices an ...
Institutional Arrangements for Adaptation Fund: World Bank
... Institutional Arrangements for Adaptation Fund: World Bank view ...
... Institutional Arrangements for Adaptation Fund: World Bank view ...
Report
... greenhouse gas emissions to maintain global temperature increases below 2° C. Since the onset of the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly CO2, has increased exponentially due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use ...
... greenhouse gas emissions to maintain global temperature increases below 2° C. Since the onset of the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, particularly CO2, has increased exponentially due to anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use ...
Climate Change Planning in Alaska`s National Parks
... Large and small tsunamis could result from collapse of unstable slopes in fjords (e.g., H glacial moraine and sediment deposits, both above and below water). Earthquakes have previously triggered slope collapse and tsunami events in Alaska. Soil moisture declines due to rising soil temperature, incr ...
... Large and small tsunamis could result from collapse of unstable slopes in fjords (e.g., H glacial moraine and sediment deposits, both above and below water). Earthquakes have previously triggered slope collapse and tsunami events in Alaska. Soil moisture declines due to rising soil temperature, incr ...
Northeast Regional Hub Vulnerability Assessment Final
... The Northeast Regional Climate Hub covers Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The Northern Forests Climate Sub Hub shares this footprint and represents people wor ...
... The Northeast Regional Climate Hub covers Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia. The Northern Forests Climate Sub Hub shares this footprint and represents people wor ...
V. Objectives of the Inter-Regional Technical Support Component
... Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change. It will exacerbate the economic, political and humanitarian stresses that countries in the region already face, and greatly reduce their capacity to eradicate extreme poverty. The poorest segments of society will be the most severely affected beca ...
... Africa is particularly vulnerable to climate change. It will exacerbate the economic, political and humanitarian stresses that countries in the region already face, and greatly reduce their capacity to eradicate extreme poverty. The poorest segments of society will be the most severely affected beca ...
Climate Change and US Agriculture
... vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and the chlorofluorocarbons) absorb the outgoing radiation, thereby holding heat near our planet. This process occurs naturally: without the natural greenhouse effect, our planet would be near freezing. Instead, this process warms the earth to its curre ...
... vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and the chlorofluorocarbons) absorb the outgoing radiation, thereby holding heat near our planet. This process occurs naturally: without the natural greenhouse effect, our planet would be near freezing. Instead, this process warms the earth to its curre ...
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... that the market will be more efficient in identifying least-cost abatement options and encouraging innovation. A ‘cap and trade’ ETS works by the Government determining the amount of emissions it will allow, ‘the cap’, and issuing permits up to that level. This ‘right to emit’ effectively converts g ...
... that the market will be more efficient in identifying least-cost abatement options and encouraging innovation. A ‘cap and trade’ ETS works by the Government determining the amount of emissions it will allow, ‘the cap’, and issuing permits up to that level. This ‘right to emit’ effectively converts g ...
Chapter 19 Climate Change Effects on Watershed Processes in
... in terms of public health, the economy, communities, and cultures. In this chapter, we provide a summary of research detailing recent climate changes in British Columbia ...
... in terms of public health, the economy, communities, and cultures. In this chapter, we provide a summary of research detailing recent climate changes in British Columbia ...
THE EVOLVING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE CHANGE AND SELF-HELP HOUSING Earl Kessler
... densification that climate change now advocates. 4 “The missing piece is that the Solanda concept was only carried out once. It became one of many one-time-only ideas.” The lesson being that “the introduction of reforms and policy changes requires a more sustained support, regardless of how good the ...
... densification that climate change now advocates. 4 “The missing piece is that the Solanda concept was only carried out once. It became one of many one-time-only ideas.” The lesson being that “the introduction of reforms and policy changes requires a more sustained support, regardless of how good the ...
Livestock and greenhouse gas emissions: The importance of getting
... counting GHG emissions in the world – are considered to come under Scope 1 and Scope 2 (that is, GHG emissions from elements owned or purchased by a livestock producer). However, our World Watch article included an assessment that Livestock’s Long Shadow dramatically undercounts Scope 1 GHG emission ...
... counting GHG emissions in the world – are considered to come under Scope 1 and Scope 2 (that is, GHG emissions from elements owned or purchased by a livestock producer). However, our World Watch article included an assessment that Livestock’s Long Shadow dramatically undercounts Scope 1 GHG emission ...
Climate Change in Africa
... given its passive role in Kyoto? Most analyses of the impacts of climate change that have influenced UNFCCC agreements focus on medium- to long-term projections of carbon emissions and forecasting models of global warming, and cover mainly countries and regions for which relevant data are readily av ...
... given its passive role in Kyoto? Most analyses of the impacts of climate change that have influenced UNFCCC agreements focus on medium- to long-term projections of carbon emissions and forecasting models of global warming, and cover mainly countries and regions for which relevant data are readily av ...
CLIMATE CHANGE: Regional Climate Model Predictions for Ireland (2001-CD-C4-M2) Environmental RTDI Programme 2000–2006
... the Met Éireann climatological archive. Results confirm that the model is able to capture the essential features of the Irish climate. Some systematic differences are observed in the simulation of some weather elements. These do not compromise the ability of the model to simulate the future climate. ...
... the Met Éireann climatological archive. Results confirm that the model is able to capture the essential features of the Irish climate. Some systematic differences are observed in the simulation of some weather elements. These do not compromise the ability of the model to simulate the future climate. ...
Forecasting climate change impacts on plant populations over large
... We used a Poisson likelihood because integer percent cover values in the sagebrush data product can be considered a form of count data. We also evaluated a negative binomial model, but found little evidence for overdispersion beyond what our model was already accommodating via the spatial random eff ...
... We used a Poisson likelihood because integer percent cover values in the sagebrush data product can be considered a form of count data. We also evaluated a negative binomial model, but found little evidence for overdispersion beyond what our model was already accommodating via the spatial random eff ...
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... There is a wide consensus about climate change taking place today and, in particular, in the future. The details of these changes and their socio-economic consequences remain uncertain at least for several more decades. The vast majority of integrated assessment models in climate change does not tak ...
... There is a wide consensus about climate change taking place today and, in particular, in the future. The details of these changes and their socio-economic consequences remain uncertain at least for several more decades. The vast majority of integrated assessment models in climate change does not tak ...
Potential Impacts Of Climate Change On Tourism
... measures to link reduction of emissions to a formula that maintains GDP growth. The US plan calls for a fall of 183 metric tons of emissions per million dollars of GPD in 2002 to 152 metric tons per million by 2012, thus creating a positive link between economic growth and environmental action (News ...
... measures to link reduction of emissions to a formula that maintains GDP growth. The US plan calls for a fall of 183 metric tons of emissions per million dollars of GPD in 2002 to 152 metric tons per million by 2012, thus creating a positive link between economic growth and environmental action (News ...
Climate change adaptation plan for the
... This first adaptation plan highlights our territory’s vulnerabilities to climate change. The impacts observed and anticipated on the population, infrastructures, the natural environment and all of the activities that take place on the island are undeniable. The sum of the data consolidated in this p ...
... This first adaptation plan highlights our territory’s vulnerabilities to climate change. The impacts observed and anticipated on the population, infrastructures, the natural environment and all of the activities that take place on the island are undeniable. The sum of the data consolidated in this p ...
Observations and their analysis in WCRP/COPES
... 5 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records For climate, the value of an observational record increases with time, provided that the record is continuous and homogeneous. As datasets are used, characteristics of the data and problems are exposed, and often solutions to problems or algorithm ...
... 5 Principles for Re-Processing Climate Data Records For climate, the value of an observational record increases with time, provided that the record is continuous and homogeneous. As datasets are used, characteristics of the data and problems are exposed, and often solutions to problems or algorithm ...
Working Group I Fifth Assessment Report
... and process these data have been developed or enhanced to cope with this large increase in information, and more climate proxy data have been acquired to improve our knowledge of past changes in climate. Since the Earth's climate system is characterized on multiple spatial and temporal scales, new o ...
... and process these data have been developed or enhanced to cope with this large increase in information, and more climate proxy data have been acquired to improve our knowledge of past changes in climate. Since the Earth's climate system is characterized on multiple spatial and temporal scales, new o ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.