Project Concept and PDF-B Document
... Key Development Issue Climate is rapidly changing at a global scale. The key driving force is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that result from anthropogenic activities. Since the 1800s, the mean surface temperature has increased at the rate of one degree Celsius per century, w ...
... Key Development Issue Climate is rapidly changing at a global scale. The key driving force is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that result from anthropogenic activities. Since the 1800s, the mean surface temperature has increased at the rate of one degree Celsius per century, w ...
Adapting ecosystems to climate change
... maladaptive. Low-regrets options include strengthening traditional biodiversity management actions (e.g. increase protected areas, minimise clearing, restore ecosystems, reduce grazing pressure). Maintain awareness of the differences between ideal solutions and what is possible While logical analysi ...
... maladaptive. Low-regrets options include strengthening traditional biodiversity management actions (e.g. increase protected areas, minimise clearing, restore ecosystems, reduce grazing pressure). Maintain awareness of the differences between ideal solutions and what is possible While logical analysi ...
6. Climate change in the Arctic: A discussion of the impact on
... growth. This absorption is expected to increase, although forest fires and insect damage will increase in some areas, releasing more carbon to the atmosphere. Increasing amounts of carbon will also move from the tundra to ponds, lakes, rivers, and the continental shelves in the form of carbon dissol ...
... growth. This absorption is expected to increase, although forest fires and insect damage will increase in some areas, releasing more carbon to the atmosphere. Increasing amounts of carbon will also move from the tundra to ponds, lakes, rivers, and the continental shelves in the form of carbon dissol ...
Make YorkU a Climate Leader: The Case for Fossil Fuel Divestment
... affirms the rights of Indigenous peoples and the commitments made in the treaties between Indigenous nations and settlers. The historic treaties included the right of Indigenous peoples to continue to hunt, fish and trap, regardless of industrial development. Fossil fuel extraction threatens the ...
... affirms the rights of Indigenous peoples and the commitments made in the treaties between Indigenous nations and settlers. The historic treaties included the right of Indigenous peoples to continue to hunt, fish and trap, regardless of industrial development. Fossil fuel extraction threatens the ...
WETLANDS, CARBON STORAGE, AND FUTURE CLIMATE
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
Climate Change Impacts on Future Carbon Stores and Management
... storage may help slow or reverse the rate of global climate change.1 As a result, federal land management agencies, for example the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, are now beginning to implement management policies to increase carbon storage. Throughout the southwestern United States, ...
... storage may help slow or reverse the rate of global climate change.1 As a result, federal land management agencies, for example the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, are now beginning to implement management policies to increase carbon storage. Throughout the southwestern United States, ...
gcc_press re collapse_all_1_001
... Octane Week, March 6, 2000, “Texaco Exits Climate Coalition.” Plain Dealer, March 5,2000, “Texaco Drops Out of Coalition; Questioning Global Warming.” Detroit News, March 3,2000, “Detroit could see red, feel blue over not being green enough,” by Jon Pepper. Global Warming Today, March 2,2000, “Texac ...
... Octane Week, March 6, 2000, “Texaco Exits Climate Coalition.” Plain Dealer, March 5,2000, “Texaco Drops Out of Coalition; Questioning Global Warming.” Detroit News, March 3,2000, “Detroit could see red, feel blue over not being green enough,” by Jon Pepper. Global Warming Today, March 2,2000, “Texac ...
Using expert knowledge to assess uncertainties in future polar bear
... There is a general tendency towards overconfidence when providing estimates for probability distributions (Morgan et al. 2001). The distributions given tend to be too narrow, and do not encompass the true range of uncertainty that may exist. Even if calibration questions are used in a survey to demo ...
... There is a general tendency towards overconfidence when providing estimates for probability distributions (Morgan et al. 2001). The distributions given tend to be too narrow, and do not encompass the true range of uncertainty that may exist. Even if calibration questions are used in a survey to demo ...
The Global Climate Observing System Programme The Global
... The views herein contained have been distilled from the many contributors and the final responsibility for the document lies with the editorial team. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the UK Department for International Development or NOAA. ...
... The views herein contained have been distilled from the many contributors and the final responsibility for the document lies with the editorial team. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the views of the UK Department for International Development or NOAA. ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES Yongyang Cai Kenneth L. Judd
... parameters and conducts a Monte Carlo analysis with many simulations, each being itself a deterministic run of the model with a picked set of parameter values. This method can provide valuable information about a possible range of the climateeconomy system, but it always assumes that economic actors ...
... parameters and conducts a Monte Carlo analysis with many simulations, each being itself a deterministic run of the model with a picked set of parameter values. This method can provide valuable information about a possible range of the climateeconomy system, but it always assumes that economic actors ...
onp_draft_112011 - University of Washington
... to sustain traversable streamflows during the low flow season in the summer and early fall when many salmon populations are migrating. For instance, the volume in the Elwha River dropped below average streamflows during the summer and fall of 2009 due to dry conditions during those and the previous ...
... to sustain traversable streamflows during the low flow season in the summer and early fall when many salmon populations are migrating. For instance, the volume in the Elwha River dropped below average streamflows during the summer and fall of 2009 due to dry conditions during those and the previous ...
The effects of global change upon United States air quality
... with, among other things, increasing human respiratory diseases in urban areas (WHO, 2005), and in the case of particulate matter (PM), with low birth weights across the world (Dadvand et al., 2012). High concentrations of tropospheric O3 and PM matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm ( ...
... with, among other things, increasing human respiratory diseases in urban areas (WHO, 2005), and in the case of particulate matter (PM), with low birth weights across the world (Dadvand et al., 2012). High concentrations of tropospheric O3 and PM matter with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 µm ( ...
Climate variability and change: adaptation to drought in Bangladesh
... vulnerable to a range of natural hazards with increasing climate variability and climate change expected to aggravate the situation further by causing more frequent and intense droughts and increasing temperatures. General Circulation Model (GCM) data project an average temperature increase in Bangl ...
... vulnerable to a range of natural hazards with increasing climate variability and climate change expected to aggravate the situation further by causing more frequent and intense droughts and increasing temperatures. General Circulation Model (GCM) data project an average temperature increase in Bangl ...
Microorganisms and climate change: terrestrial feedbacks and
... levels and precipitation) and the rate of processes such as denitrification and respiration can change according to the response of microbial communities. For example, a soil process (such as the decomposition of organic carbon) converts a component from state 1 to state 2 at a rate k, and it is ass ...
... levels and precipitation) and the rate of processes such as denitrification and respiration can change according to the response of microbial communities. For example, a soil process (such as the decomposition of organic carbon) converts a component from state 1 to state 2 at a rate k, and it is ass ...
Author`s personal copy - Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung
... development and tailored to local or regional conditions depending of the scale of the impacts (Klein et al. 2005; Adger et al. 2007; Dovers 2009; Olmstead and Rhode 2011). Consequently, adaptation to extreme events (e.g., floods or droughts) has been considered more important than coping with long- ...
... development and tailored to local or regional conditions depending of the scale of the impacts (Klein et al. 2005; Adger et al. 2007; Dovers 2009; Olmstead and Rhode 2011). Consequently, adaptation to extreme events (e.g., floods or droughts) has been considered more important than coping with long- ...
Climate Change Risk Analysis: Assessment of Future Natural
... tapped into the resources available to them such as homeowners’ insurance, Small Business Association (SBA) disaster loans, bank loans, homeowner savings, and donated resources, including volunteer labor. (Springfield CDBG – Disaster Recovery Partial Action Plan A). As stated in the Disaster Recover ...
... tapped into the resources available to them such as homeowners’ insurance, Small Business Association (SBA) disaster loans, bank loans, homeowner savings, and donated resources, including volunteer labor. (Springfield CDBG – Disaster Recovery Partial Action Plan A). As stated in the Disaster Recover ...
climate change law: the emergence of a new legal discipline
... in the various reports prepared by the federal government’s climate change adviser, economist Ross Garnaut.15 In The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report (‘Garnaut Review’), Garnaut points out that Australia has a larger interest in a strong mitigation strategy to address climate change than ...
... in the various reports prepared by the federal government’s climate change adviser, economist Ross Garnaut.15 In The Garnaut Climate Change Review: Final Report (‘Garnaut Review’), Garnaut points out that Australia has a larger interest in a strong mitigation strategy to address climate change than ...
Climate Change Impacts on International Seaports
... from around the world to ascertain how administrators feel climate change might impact their operations, what sea level change would create operational problems, and how they plan to adapt to new environmental conditions. Specifically, we aimed to discover what policies, if any, ports already have i ...
... from around the world to ascertain how administrators feel climate change might impact their operations, what sea level change would create operational problems, and how they plan to adapt to new environmental conditions. Specifically, we aimed to discover what policies, if any, ports already have i ...
PDF Full-text
... access the data in an appropriate way, such data can contribute to an enlarged database for planning and implementation of adaptation strategies and measures. In addition, if these data are considered in different fields of action of climate change adaptation, they can support municipal decision-mak ...
... access the data in an appropriate way, such data can contribute to an enlarged database for planning and implementation of adaptation strategies and measures. In addition, if these data are considered in different fields of action of climate change adaptation, they can support municipal decision-mak ...
Background paper
... and to human life in general. According to expert assessments, global warming is expected to have worst impacts in Africa, South and West Asia; suggesting that developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than developed countries.1 Left unabated, climate change threatens to reverse har ...
... and to human life in general. According to expert assessments, global warming is expected to have worst impacts in Africa, South and West Asia; suggesting that developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change than developed countries.1 Left unabated, climate change threatens to reverse har ...
Non-paper Guidelines for Project Managers: Making vulnerable
... committed to perform national risk assessments by the end of 2011 and to further develop national risk assessment approaches. The main underlying principles and recommendations in the Disaster Management Guidelines could well be replicated at lower local and regional levels and applied by other rele ...
... committed to perform national risk assessments by the end of 2011 and to further develop national risk assessment approaches. The main underlying principles and recommendations in the Disaster Management Guidelines could well be replicated at lower local and regional levels and applied by other rele ...
- OCL - Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids
... warming over eastern and northern Europe during winter and over western and southern Europe during summer (IPCC, 2007, 2014). Especially in the southwestern parts (France, Spain, and Portugal), increase in average summer temperatures may exceed 6 °C by the end of the century. In addition, maximum te ...
... warming over eastern and northern Europe during winter and over western and southern Europe during summer (IPCC, 2007, 2014). Especially in the southwestern parts (France, Spain, and Portugal), increase in average summer temperatures may exceed 6 °C by the end of the century. In addition, maximum te ...
- CSIRO Publishing
... influenced by the movement of air masses. Climate, on the other hand, should more accurately be the term applied to the average weather conditions over longer periods of years to decades. One may often hear mention of ‘climate variability’ and ‘climate change’ together. They are different facets of ...
... influenced by the movement of air masses. Climate, on the other hand, should more accurately be the term applied to the average weather conditions over longer periods of years to decades. One may often hear mention of ‘climate variability’ and ‘climate change’ together. They are different facets of ...
Cities and Climate Change: Global Report on Human Settlements
... even the most basic services to their inhabitants as a result of climate change. Climate change may affect water supply, ecosystem goods and services, energy provision, industry and services in cities around the world. It can disrupt local economies and strip populations of their assets and liveliho ...
... even the most basic services to their inhabitants as a result of climate change. Climate change may affect water supply, ecosystem goods and services, energy provision, industry and services in cities around the world. It can disrupt local economies and strip populations of their assets and liveliho ...
Atmospheric circulation and hydroclimate impacts of alternative
... droplet radius takes its default value (8 µm over land and 14 µm over ocean). Various aspects of this simulation have been previously described in Caballero and Huber (2010) and Caballero and Huber (2013). In the LCTC simulation, CO2 takes its pre-industrial value of 280 ppm while cloud droplet radi ...
... droplet radius takes its default value (8 µm over land and 14 µm over ocean). Various aspects of this simulation have been previously described in Caballero and Huber (2010) and Caballero and Huber (2013). In the LCTC simulation, CO2 takes its pre-industrial value of 280 ppm while cloud droplet radi ...
Climate engineering
Climate engineering, also referred to as geoengineering or climate intervention, is the deliberate and large-scale intervention in the Earth’s climatic system with the aim of limiting adverse climate change. Climate engineering is an umbrella term for two types of measures: carbon dioxide removal and solar radiation management. Carbon dioxide removal addresses the cause of climate change by removing one of the greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide) from the atmosphere. Solar radiation management attempts to offset effects of greenhouse gases by causing the Earth to absorb less solar radiation.Climate engineering approaches are sometimes viewed as additional potential options for limiting climate change, alongside mitigation and adaptation. There is substantial agreement among scientists that climate engineering cannot substitute climate change mitigation. Some approaches might be used as accompanying measures to sharp cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Given that all types of measures addressing climate change have economic, political or physical limitations a some climate engineering approaches might eventually be used as part of an ensemble of measures. Research on costs, benefits, and various types of risks of most climate engineering approaches is at an early stage and their understanding needs to improve to judge their adequacy and feasibility.No known large-scale climate engineering projects have taken place to date. Almost all research into solar geoengineering has consisted of computer modelling or laboratory tests, and attempts to move to real-world experimentation have proved controversial for many types of climate engineering. Some practices, such as planting of trees and whitening of surfaces as well as bio-energy with carbon capture and storage projects are underway, their scalability to effectively affect global climate is however debated. Ocean iron fertilization has been given small-scale research trials, sparking substantial controversy.Most experts and major reports advise against relying on geoengineering techniques as a simple solution to climate change, in part due to the large uncertainties over effectiveness and side effects. However, most experts also argue that the risks of such interventions must be seen in the context of risks of dangerous climate change. Interventions at large scale may run a greater risk disrupting natural systems resulting in a dilemma that those approaches that could prove highly (cost-) effective in addressing extreme climate risk, might themselves cause substantial risk. Some have suggested that the concept of geoengineering the climate presents a moral hazard because it could reduce political and public pressure for emissions reduction, which could exacerbate overall climate risks.Groups such as ETC Group and some climate researchers (such as Raymond Pierrehumbert) are in favour of a moratorium on out-of-doors testing and deployment of SRM.