Factors Affecting Stream Fish Community Composition and Habitat
... quickly by the elimination of one or more prey species in the lake or stream system, there are additional, but less obvious, indirect effects by which predators may structure fish communities. When prey species alter their choice of habitat and foraging to reduce predation risk, they may experience ...
... quickly by the elimination of one or more prey species in the lake or stream system, there are additional, but less obvious, indirect effects by which predators may structure fish communities. When prey species alter their choice of habitat and foraging to reduce predation risk, they may experience ...
Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation
... et al. 2004 (this issue)). Furthermore, since large populations will have to pass through small size before extinction, this prediction should be very general, with species that exhibit chaotic dynamics being an exception (May and Oster 1976; Gabriel and Bürger 1992). Attempts to detect density depe ...
... et al. 2004 (this issue)). Furthermore, since large populations will have to pass through small size before extinction, this prediction should be very general, with species that exhibit chaotic dynamics being an exception (May and Oster 1976; Gabriel and Bürger 1992). Attempts to detect density depe ...
CHOOSING THE APPROPRIATE SCALE OF RESERVES FOR
... Lande (78) have incorporated quantitative measures of threat into these categories. Additional work continues to fine-tune these generally accepted threat categories (67, 149). Using these widely accepted criteria, Red Data books provide international lists of vulnerable, threatened, and endangered ...
... Lande (78) have incorporated quantitative measures of threat into these categories. Additional work continues to fine-tune these generally accepted threat categories (67, 149). Using these widely accepted criteria, Red Data books provide international lists of vulnerable, threatened, and endangered ...
Kelp Ecosystems Monitoring: The Aquatic Forest
... water rises from the depths of the ocean. Giant kelp plants sprout new blades and the kelp forest experiences a surge of life during this season. The longer days and greater exposure to sunlight help giant kelp populations explode. In the summer, warmer water moves back into the kelp forests, and th ...
... water rises from the depths of the ocean. Giant kelp plants sprout new blades and the kelp forest experiences a surge of life during this season. The longer days and greater exposure to sunlight help giant kelp populations explode. In the summer, warmer water moves back into the kelp forests, and th ...
Ecological Assessment of Selenium in the Aquatic Environment
... waters and due to animal husbandry additions of this often-deficient essential element. Concentrations of Se are increasing in many areas of North America, Australia, New Zealand, and China due to increasing mining and power-generation activities, but guidance for assessing and managing its environm ...
... waters and due to animal husbandry additions of this often-deficient essential element. Concentrations of Se are increasing in many areas of North America, Australia, New Zealand, and China due to increasing mining and power-generation activities, but guidance for assessing and managing its environm ...
BIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 2: Habitat: Resources • Lecture
... • Systematic Variation - e.g. globally, seasonally or diurnally when solar radiation operates more like a condition. – Fig. 3.1, solar radiation with latitude – Fig. 3.3, annual and diurnal variation in solar radiation with latitude – Figs. 3.6 & 3.8 of strategic responses (rigid responses with ...
... • Systematic Variation - e.g. globally, seasonally or diurnally when solar radiation operates more like a condition. – Fig. 3.1, solar radiation with latitude – Fig. 3.3, annual and diurnal variation in solar radiation with latitude – Figs. 3.6 & 3.8 of strategic responses (rigid responses with ...
Final report, December 2001, 784KB PDF
... comments, the course fulfilled expectations and may be judged as a success. Interestingly, the lecture topics that received the greatest number of requests for additional time were, "Integrating socioeconomics, politics and science in decision making" and "Group decision-making techniques" - topics ...
... comments, the course fulfilled expectations and may be judged as a success. Interestingly, the lecture topics that received the greatest number of requests for additional time were, "Integrating socioeconomics, politics and science in decision making" and "Group decision-making techniques" - topics ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... To evaluate hypotheses for the LQE, the event must be viewed in context. Early work on extinction dynamics in North America, which has the best synthesized Cenozoic mammal record, offered little support for the idea that the LQE was exceptionally intense, though most studies noted that larger mammal ...
... To evaluate hypotheses for the LQE, the event must be viewed in context. Early work on extinction dynamics in North America, which has the best synthesized Cenozoic mammal record, offered little support for the idea that the LQE was exceptionally intense, though most studies noted that larger mammal ...
Interactions between sea urchin grazing and prey diversity on
... (e.g., 0, 4, and 7 urchins per plot; 11, 14, and 18; etc. in the case of the high-urchin-density experiment). Each of the 15 plots in each block was assigned to one of three groups of sessile species richness based on our initial surveys: low (10–16 species), medium (17–23), and high (24–30). We the ...
... (e.g., 0, 4, and 7 urchins per plot; 11, 14, and 18; etc. in the case of the high-urchin-density experiment). Each of the 15 plots in each block was assigned to one of three groups of sessile species richness based on our initial surveys: low (10–16 species), medium (17–23), and high (24–30). We the ...
Importance of large carnivores for species diversity and top down
... that the world is green because all plant material may not be edible as plants use toxic chemicals to defend themselves against herbivores, thereby proposing bottom-up regulated ecosystems. The importance of competition was supported by Conell (1961) who concluded that the intensity of competition d ...
... that the world is green because all plant material may not be edible as plants use toxic chemicals to defend themselves against herbivores, thereby proposing bottom-up regulated ecosystems. The importance of competition was supported by Conell (1961) who concluded that the intensity of competition d ...
Invasions and Extinctions Reshape Coastal
... higher trophic levels and invasions toward lower trophic levels will be consistent in other systems, although subtle differences may occur. For example, the influence of invasions in altering trophic skew may be reduced in open coast or oceanic environments relative to estuaries [19], although the l ...
... higher trophic levels and invasions toward lower trophic levels will be consistent in other systems, although subtle differences may occur. For example, the influence of invasions in altering trophic skew may be reduced in open coast or oceanic environments relative to estuaries [19], although the l ...
Action Plan for Russian Desman (Desmana moshata) in Ukraine
... Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra L., 1758) are medium-sized (5-13 kg) semi-aquatic territorial carnivores which feed mainly on aquatic prey and whose habitat is usually linked to the existence of relatively clean freshwater, available shelter (riparian vegetation, rocky structures and others) and abunda ...
... Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra L., 1758) are medium-sized (5-13 kg) semi-aquatic territorial carnivores which feed mainly on aquatic prey and whose habitat is usually linked to the existence of relatively clean freshwater, available shelter (riparian vegetation, rocky structures and others) and abunda ...
Linking ecosystem and parasite ecology Michel Loreau,
... justify current concerns about threats to biodiversity. First, biodiversity is the source of natural resources that lead to the direct production of goods that are of economic value, such as food, ...
... justify current concerns about threats to biodiversity. First, biodiversity is the source of natural resources that lead to the direct production of goods that are of economic value, such as food, ...
Evidence for a trophic cascade on rocky reefs following sea
... involving asteroids (sea stars), echinoids (sea urchins) and holothurians (sea cucumbers) in the Channel Islands, California, are associated with climate regime shifts and extreme weather events (Engle, 1994; Eckert, Engle & Kushner, 2000). Because sea stars and sea urchins play key ecological roles ...
... involving asteroids (sea stars), echinoids (sea urchins) and holothurians (sea cucumbers) in the Channel Islands, California, are associated with climate regime shifts and extreme weather events (Engle, 1994; Eckert, Engle & Kushner, 2000). Because sea stars and sea urchins play key ecological roles ...
Qi Peng
... curve and future specie composition in the long run. (Meckler, 2004) It certainly would be helpful for future trophic study to generalize a principle composed with all above factors, so researchers could use computer generated model to predict the specie composition and productivity of each trophic ...
... curve and future specie composition in the long run. (Meckler, 2004) It certainly would be helpful for future trophic study to generalize a principle composed with all above factors, so researchers could use computer generated model to predict the specie composition and productivity of each trophic ...
serial depletion of marine invertebrates leads to the decline
... natives (also self-referred to as Chugach Alutiiq, see Plate 1; Stanek 1985).5 This strongly interacting grazer is also well known to play an important functional role in structuring intertidal communities and reducing macroalgal production in the Pacific Northwest (Paine 1992, Markel and DeWreede 19 ...
... natives (also self-referred to as Chugach Alutiiq, see Plate 1; Stanek 1985).5 This strongly interacting grazer is also well known to play an important functional role in structuring intertidal communities and reducing macroalgal production in the Pacific Northwest (Paine 1992, Markel and DeWreede 19 ...
Biodiversity and teaching - Bertrand Pajot
... To show the European’s biodiversity richness and share it To compare, exchange studies and analyses To illustrate the cultural and pedagogical approaches To have strong partnerships with scientist or schools To explore pupils’ competences in a different way To build Europe on new values... To make y ...
... To show the European’s biodiversity richness and share it To compare, exchange studies and analyses To illustrate the cultural and pedagogical approaches To have strong partnerships with scientist or schools To explore pupils’ competences in a different way To build Europe on new values... To make y ...
5.1 Celtic Sea Ecoregion-Ecosystem overview
... Several fish species have been depleted by fishing in the past and are now on the OSPAR list of threatened and declining species (see full list below), including spurdog Squallus acanthias, the common skate complex Dipturus spp., angel shark Squatina squatina, porbeagle Lamna nasus, and some deep-wa ...
... Several fish species have been depleted by fishing in the past and are now on the OSPAR list of threatened and declining species (see full list below), including spurdog Squallus acanthias, the common skate complex Dipturus spp., angel shark Squatina squatina, porbeagle Lamna nasus, and some deep-wa ...
Learning objectives
... Secondary Production in Ecosystems 8. Explain why energy is said to flow rather than cycle within ecosystems. 9. Explain what factors may limit primary production in aquatic ecosystems. 10. Describe an experiment that provided evidence that iron availability limits oceanic primary production in some ...
... Secondary Production in Ecosystems 8. Explain why energy is said to flow rather than cycle within ecosystems. 9. Explain what factors may limit primary production in aquatic ecosystems. 10. Describe an experiment that provided evidence that iron availability limits oceanic primary production in some ...
46. Pulu Keeling National Park
... National Park Ramsar site were reviewed to identify threats to the ecological character of the site. Terminology from these key Ramsar documents was aligned to be consistent with the approach of the Ramsar Rolling Review (see Table 1 explanation notes). The Ramsar Rolling Review uses the IUCN threat ...
... National Park Ramsar site were reviewed to identify threats to the ecological character of the site. Terminology from these key Ramsar documents was aligned to be consistent with the approach of the Ramsar Rolling Review (see Table 1 explanation notes). The Ramsar Rolling Review uses the IUCN threat ...
Briefing on mangroves2 - Ministry of Environment, Lands and
... to many birds and aquatic marine life. The submerged roots and trunks and aerial forest provide a sheltered habitat for a diverse array of marine life that also include mosquitoes and are part of the food chain. In summary, the root systems of such unique trees provide ideal breeding, nursery and fe ...
... to many birds and aquatic marine life. The submerged roots and trunks and aerial forest provide a sheltered habitat for a diverse array of marine life that also include mosquitoes and are part of the food chain. In summary, the root systems of such unique trees provide ideal breeding, nursery and fe ...
What are mudfish? - Department of Conservation
... wetland habitats dry out in summer, they burrow into the soil and remain there, motionless, breathing air, until the first decent flood of autumn refills the wetland and washes them from their refuge. Few fish species worldwide have such ability to survive for extended periods out of water. Early se ...
... wetland habitats dry out in summer, they burrow into the soil and remain there, motionless, breathing air, until the first decent flood of autumn refills the wetland and washes them from their refuge. Few fish species worldwide have such ability to survive for extended periods out of water. Early se ...
press perturbations and the predictability of ecological interactions
... which was resistant to herbivory because of protection by pubescent leaves and stems (Schmitz 1994). Those experiments revealed that nitrogen supply was limiting in the system; increasing nitrogen supply directly enhanced net primary productivity, and plant and herbivore biomass. Moreover, edible an ...
... which was resistant to herbivory because of protection by pubescent leaves and stems (Schmitz 1994). Those experiments revealed that nitrogen supply was limiting in the system; increasing nitrogen supply directly enhanced net primary productivity, and plant and herbivore biomass. Moreover, edible an ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... To evaluate hypotheses for the LQE, the event must be viewed in context. Early work on extinction dynamics in North America, which has the best synthesized Cenozoic mammal record, offered little support for the idea that the LQE was exceptionally intense, though most studies noted that larger mammal ...
... To evaluate hypotheses for the LQE, the event must be viewed in context. Early work on extinction dynamics in North America, which has the best synthesized Cenozoic mammal record, offered little support for the idea that the LQE was exceptionally intense, though most studies noted that larger mammal ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.