Individual and interactive effects of salinity and initial fish density on
... future studies. We used a square box sampler (60 X 60 X 60 cm), similar in design to that described by Kushlan (1981),which was thrown from 1 to 12 times (usually 4) at each site. The contents were removed by repeatedly sweeping a close-fitting net (2 mm mesh) through the enclosed water column, vege ...
... future studies. We used a square box sampler (60 X 60 X 60 cm), similar in design to that described by Kushlan (1981),which was thrown from 1 to 12 times (usually 4) at each site. The contents were removed by repeatedly sweeping a close-fitting net (2 mm mesh) through the enclosed water column, vege ...
Final Report - Rufford Small Grants
... ecosystems, including terrestrial wetlands, peat swamps, saltmarshes, seagrass beds and coral reefs. There are harmful repercussions in these other ecosystems when common ecological processes are compromised through poor management decisions involving mangroves. There is a need for new research to d ...
... ecosystems, including terrestrial wetlands, peat swamps, saltmarshes, seagrass beds and coral reefs. There are harmful repercussions in these other ecosystems when common ecological processes are compromised through poor management decisions involving mangroves. There is a need for new research to d ...
mitigating the impacts of human land
... Land-use change, commercial over-harvesting of species, and climate change are recognized as the main drivers of biodiversity loss. As a result, it is estimated that 30% of the planet’s biodiversity may go extinct by 2050. This dissertation focuses on how to mitigate the impacts of land-use change o ...
... Land-use change, commercial over-harvesting of species, and climate change are recognized as the main drivers of biodiversity loss. As a result, it is estimated that 30% of the planet’s biodiversity may go extinct by 2050. This dissertation focuses on how to mitigate the impacts of land-use change o ...
Generalities in grazing and browsing ecology du Toit, Johan T
... resources (species using aquatic food resources excluded). Hence, the effect emerges through prolonged isolation and is contingent upon a relatively restricted resource base; identifying the contingency delimits the generality of the rule. Such examples fit within the conceptual framework of across- ...
... resources (species using aquatic food resources excluded). Hence, the effect emerges through prolonged isolation and is contingent upon a relatively restricted resource base; identifying the contingency delimits the generality of the rule. Such examples fit within the conceptual framework of across- ...
Powerpoint
... grasslands because environmental conditions (rainfall amount and timing) varies greatly from year to year. Variable conditions mean that the best competitor varies from year-to-year as well. ...
... grasslands because environmental conditions (rainfall amount and timing) varies greatly from year to year. Variable conditions mean that the best competitor varies from year-to-year as well. ...
Riparian and Instream Native Flora and Fauna of the Goulburn Broken
... This strategy addresses conservation of biological diversity across Australia and its integration with natural resource management, through the management of threatening processes, improving existing knowledge, involving the community and ensuring linkages with international agreements. Convention o ...
... This strategy addresses conservation of biological diversity across Australia and its integration with natural resource management, through the management of threatening processes, improving existing knowledge, involving the community and ensuring linkages with international agreements. Convention o ...
Bioeconomics and biodiversity in harvested metacommunities: a
... which we exploit to facilitate analysis over these broad ranges of ecological and economic parameters and relationships, comes in the form of strong assumptions. For instance, we assume that harvesters do not know the state of any particular patch—including one that they just harvested. Harvester av ...
... which we exploit to facilitate analysis over these broad ranges of ecological and economic parameters and relationships, comes in the form of strong assumptions. For instance, we assume that harvesters do not know the state of any particular patch—including one that they just harvested. Harvester av ...
Patterns of trophic niche divergence between invasive and native
... sympatric P. parva and T. tinca and G. aculeatus treatments were run in 2013 and were replicated three times. All mesocosms were established 1 month prior to the fish being introduced by filling them with water from a nearby fishless pond. Each was provided with a gravel (c. 6 mm diameter) substrata ...
... sympatric P. parva and T. tinca and G. aculeatus treatments were run in 2013 and were replicated three times. All mesocosms were established 1 month prior to the fish being introduced by filling them with water from a nearby fishless pond. Each was provided with a gravel (c. 6 mm diameter) substrata ...
BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION: DO SPECIES
... ability to sustainably manage, the natural world. Never before has ecology been of such critical importance in tackling the major social and economic problems that the world faces, and this role poses challenges to the subject itself as a scientific discipline. How can we overcome the bottleneck in ...
... ability to sustainably manage, the natural world. Never before has ecology been of such critical importance in tackling the major social and economic problems that the world faces, and this role poses challenges to the subject itself as a scientific discipline. How can we overcome the bottleneck in ...
Supporting Information Legends to Fig. S1, Table S1 and
... and the distance above the arm is recorded on each measurement date. (b) Close-up of pins resting on the soil surface. (c) A core showing accretion of sediment and organic material above a marker horizon of feldspar clay. Image credit: US Geological Survey, K. L. McKee, photographer. ...
... and the distance above the arm is recorded on each measurement date. (b) Close-up of pins resting on the soil surface. (c) A core showing accretion of sediment and organic material above a marker horizon of feldspar clay. Image credit: US Geological Survey, K. L. McKee, photographer. ...
Food webs: reconciling the structure and function of biodiversity
... nutrients through ecological systems [6,7]. Whereas community ecology tends to be reductionist, concentrating largely on processes driven by individuals, populations, or species, ecosystem research often takes a more holistic, systems approach. It remains tractable by aggregating species into broad ...
... nutrients through ecological systems [6,7]. Whereas community ecology tends to be reductionist, concentrating largely on processes driven by individuals, populations, or species, ecosystem research often takes a more holistic, systems approach. It remains tractable by aggregating species into broad ...
Will Small Population Sizes Warn Us of Impending Extinctions?
... in more uniformly distributed populations. These assertions are the subject of the remainder of this article. In the following analyses of simple models, I will explore how actual and equilibrium populations are expected to change in simple models in which a focal species experiences gradual deterio ...
... in more uniformly distributed populations. These assertions are the subject of the remainder of this article. In the following analyses of simple models, I will explore how actual and equilibrium populations are expected to change in simple models in which a focal species experiences gradual deterio ...
PETITION TO LIST THE AZTEC GILIA
... but oil and gas formations occur above, below, and around the formation. The Fruitland Formation that lies underneath is a major reservoir for coalbed methane gas (Ibid.). Oil and gas activities in and around the A. formosa range are abundant and highly concentrated. See Figures 7 and 8. In their Re ...
... but oil and gas formations occur above, below, and around the formation. The Fruitland Formation that lies underneath is a major reservoir for coalbed methane gas (Ibid.). Oil and gas activities in and around the A. formosa range are abundant and highly concentrated. See Figures 7 and 8. In their Re ...
The Puffer Fish Lagocephalus sceleratus (Gmelin, 1789)
... (Golani 2011). Much attention is being given to the problem today since these introductions are one of the most significant threats to ecosystem biodiversity, structure, and function (Oral 2010). Evidence shows that invasions lead to a decline in the number of native species, disturbance of certain ...
... (Golani 2011). Much attention is being given to the problem today since these introductions are one of the most significant threats to ecosystem biodiversity, structure, and function (Oral 2010). Evidence shows that invasions lead to a decline in the number of native species, disturbance of certain ...
Biotic and abiotic interactions controlling starfish
... in carnivorous starfish (principally Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis) from 1981 to 1984, when the population reached carrying capacity. At this time, a trophic imbalance between starfish and bivalves was observed. From 1985 onward, the total echinoderm biomass decreased coincidentally wi ...
... in carnivorous starfish (principally Asterias rubens and Marthasterias glacialis) from 1981 to 1984, when the population reached carrying capacity. At this time, a trophic imbalance between starfish and bivalves was observed. From 1985 onward, the total echinoderm biomass decreased coincidentally wi ...
Species evenness and productivity in experimental plant communities
... Kinzig et al. 2002). Results of experiments evaluating the effects of plant species richness on productivity (Naeem et al. 1996, Tilman et al. 1996, Hector et al. 1999, Mulder et al. 2001), decomposition (Andrén et al. 1995, Wardle et al. 1997, Hector et al. 2000), nutrient cycling (Hooper and Vito ...
... Kinzig et al. 2002). Results of experiments evaluating the effects of plant species richness on productivity (Naeem et al. 1996, Tilman et al. 1996, Hector et al. 1999, Mulder et al. 2001), decomposition (Andrén et al. 1995, Wardle et al. 1997, Hector et al. 2000), nutrient cycling (Hooper and Vito ...
Food webs: reconciling the structure and function of biodiversity
... nutrients through ecological systems [6,7]. Whereas community ecology tends to be reductionist, concentrating largely on processes driven by individuals, populations, or species, ecosystem research often takes a more holistic, systems approach. It remains tractable by aggregating species into broad ...
... nutrients through ecological systems [6,7]. Whereas community ecology tends to be reductionist, concentrating largely on processes driven by individuals, populations, or species, ecosystem research often takes a more holistic, systems approach. It remains tractable by aggregating species into broad ...
as a PDF
... With the use of a stick, each urchin was gently probed underneath to facilitate examination. An association was considered to occur when a decapod was encountered within 2.5 cm of the spines of an urchin. Each decapod observed (tiny species may have been overlooked) was identified in the field based ...
... With the use of a stick, each urchin was gently probed underneath to facilitate examination. An association was considered to occur when a decapod was encountered within 2.5 cm of the spines of an urchin. Each decapod observed (tiny species may have been overlooked) was identified in the field based ...
Quality and quantity of particulate organic matter and nutrition of
... We review the results obtained during the past several decades on the spatial and temporal variations of major zooplankton assemblages and biomass, zooplankton indicator species of specific water masses, and decadal changes in zooplankton communities in Korean waters. Additionally, we breifly discus ...
... We review the results obtained during the past several decades on the spatial and temporal variations of major zooplankton assemblages and biomass, zooplankton indicator species of specific water masses, and decadal changes in zooplankton communities in Korean waters. Additionally, we breifly discus ...
Untitled - Bio
... published by Blackwell Publishing!), aimed especially at the first year of a degree program and at those who may, at that stage, be taking the only ecology course they will ever take. This, in turn, has allowed us to engineer a certain amount of ‘niche differentiation’. With the first years covered ...
... published by Blackwell Publishing!), aimed especially at the first year of a degree program and at those who may, at that stage, be taking the only ecology course they will ever take. This, in turn, has allowed us to engineer a certain amount of ‘niche differentiation’. With the first years covered ...
... directly related to the Oubeira Lake[11].The very high amounts of nitrites and nitrates of industrial or agricultural origins explain an incomplete oxidation of ammonia .and nitrification is not brought to completion this is due, on the one hand to a nitrate reduction under the influence of a denitr ...
pptx
... Species “able to persist indefinitely together are deemed to ‘coexist’…” “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for s ...
... Species “able to persist indefinitely together are deemed to ‘coexist’…” “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for s ...
Critical Review - University of South Florida
... knowledge of direct toxicity, species richness, speciesinteraction strengths and trophic links and their distributions would then facilitate identifying key species whose loss (or, possibly, decline) could trigger secondary extinctions as well as fragile communities where the loss of a species, on a ...
... knowledge of direct toxicity, species richness, speciesinteraction strengths and trophic links and their distributions would then facilitate identifying key species whose loss (or, possibly, decline) could trigger secondary extinctions as well as fragile communities where the loss of a species, on a ...
protecting, conserving and restoring biodiversity in ontario
... This paper deals with the protection, conservation and restoration of biodiversity in Ontario. Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the intricate weave of Earth’s living organisms, their interrelationships and habitats, the genetic differences among them, and the ecological processes which ...
... This paper deals with the protection, conservation and restoration of biodiversity in Ontario. Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the intricate weave of Earth’s living organisms, their interrelationships and habitats, the genetic differences among them, and the ecological processes which ...
pptx
... Species “able to persist indefinitely together are deemed to ‘coexist’…” “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for s ...
... Species “able to persist indefinitely together are deemed to ‘coexist’…” “If some mechanism promotes the coexistence of two or more species, each species must be able to increase when it is rare and the others are at their typical abundances; this invasibility criterion is fundamental evidence for s ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.