Population structure of long-lived macrozoobenthic species
... Temperature is a major stressor for large mussel individuals whose energetic costs are high. Periods of warm water temperatures (>17 °C) have been suggested to cause mortality of large mussels. Dead/dying large mussels detach easily from the substrate, as their byssus production ends/weakens, and en ...
... Temperature is a major stressor for large mussel individuals whose energetic costs are high. Periods of warm water temperatures (>17 °C) have been suggested to cause mortality of large mussels. Dead/dying large mussels detach easily from the substrate, as their byssus production ends/weakens, and en ...
Culmination of Low-Dose Pesticide Effects
... and the exposed treatments were calculated using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc multiplecomparison test (time-by-time ANOVA, adapted from Diggle et al.20 Data were square root-transformed to fulfill the conditions of data normality and homoscedasticity. The long-term resp ...
... and the exposed treatments were calculated using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s post hoc multiplecomparison test (time-by-time ANOVA, adapted from Diggle et al.20 Data were square root-transformed to fulfill the conditions of data normality and homoscedasticity. The long-term resp ...
Document
... Wombats are small mammals that lives in Southeastern Australia, Tasmania, and a small area in Epping Forest National Park. There are only three species left, the three species are the common wombat, northern hairy nosed wombat, and the southern hairy nosed wombat. The northern hairy wombat is the mo ...
... Wombats are small mammals that lives in Southeastern Australia, Tasmania, and a small area in Epping Forest National Park. There are only three species left, the three species are the common wombat, northern hairy nosed wombat, and the southern hairy nosed wombat. The northern hairy wombat is the mo ...
Freshwater Fish Farming in Virginia: Selecting
... Brown trout will grow to a very large size and are tolerant of certain environmental stresses, particularly high water temperatures, but they generally cannot be reared in high densities like rainbow or brook trout. Few private hatcheries rear brown trout and, consequently, eggs, fingerlings, and ad ...
... Brown trout will grow to a very large size and are tolerant of certain environmental stresses, particularly high water temperatures, but they generally cannot be reared in high densities like rainbow or brook trout. Few private hatcheries rear brown trout and, consequently, eggs, fingerlings, and ad ...
Pigmy Bluetongue Lizard Factsheet
... because the lizards can successfully hunt for insects. In contrast, grasslands with a thick layer of thatch are not suitable. Pygmy Bluetongue Lizards cannot exist in areas that have been ploughed. This species is very wary and can sense danger from a long way off. At the first sign of danger they w ...
... because the lizards can successfully hunt for insects. In contrast, grasslands with a thick layer of thatch are not suitable. Pygmy Bluetongue Lizards cannot exist in areas that have been ploughed. This species is very wary and can sense danger from a long way off. At the first sign of danger they w ...
Habitat use, selection and preference
... – Why not density? Animals can congregate in, or be forced into, areas where they fare poorly – Why not vegetative characteristics? Remember, a particular plant association may promote high fitness in one animal species but not another ...
... – Why not density? Animals can congregate in, or be forced into, areas where they fare poorly – Why not vegetative characteristics? Remember, a particular plant association may promote high fitness in one animal species but not another ...
Ecological Modelling Mathematical model of livestock and
... the native herbivore and further prey of the pumas. This system is the result of a long sequence of ecological and historical events that we briefly outline below. The native mammalian fauna of Patagonia is composed of survivors of five main processes of extinction. One of the most relevant is known ...
... the native herbivore and further prey of the pumas. This system is the result of a long sequence of ecological and historical events that we briefly outline below. The native mammalian fauna of Patagonia is composed of survivors of five main processes of extinction. One of the most relevant is known ...
Phase 1 Framework Glossary 0103121
... Those definitions described as “MoF Definition” were extracted from the Ministry Internet Site: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/PAB/PUBLCTNS/GLOSSARY/GLOSSARY.HTM Those definitions described as “Guidebook Definition” were extracted from the Biodiversity Guidebook of September 1995 Those definitions describ ...
... Those definitions described as “MoF Definition” were extracted from the Ministry Internet Site: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/PAB/PUBLCTNS/GLOSSARY/GLOSSARY.HTM Those definitions described as “Guidebook Definition” were extracted from the Biodiversity Guidebook of September 1995 Those definitions describ ...
Marine Fisheries Systems - Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
... demonstrated that global fisheries landings peaked in the late 1980s and are now declining despite increasing fishing effort, with little evidence that this trend is reversing under current practices. Fishing pressure is so strong in some marine systems that the biomass of some targeted species, esp ...
... demonstrated that global fisheries landings peaked in the late 1980s and are now declining despite increasing fishing effort, with little evidence that this trend is reversing under current practices. Fishing pressure is so strong in some marine systems that the biomass of some targeted species, esp ...
Extinctions in Ecological Communities – Alva Curtsdotter
... connected to each other through a multitude of interactions, the change in abundance of one species can in turn affect others. Thus, in addition to the direct effect, a perturbation can affect a species indirectly through the ecological network in which the species is embedded. With this thesis, I w ...
... connected to each other through a multitude of interactions, the change in abundance of one species can in turn affect others. Thus, in addition to the direct effect, a perturbation can affect a species indirectly through the ecological network in which the species is embedded. With this thesis, I w ...
A general equilibrium model for Atlantic herring
... could be calculated. They also linked the New England coastal economy with a marine ecosystem on Georges Bank and showed changes in both coastal communities and ecosystem components that were not being consumed directly by the economy. This was accomplished by constructing resource multipliers to ca ...
... could be calculated. They also linked the New England coastal economy with a marine ecosystem on Georges Bank and showed changes in both coastal communities and ecosystem components that were not being consumed directly by the economy. This was accomplished by constructing resource multipliers to ca ...
More than a meal integrating nonfeeding interactions into food webs
... information provides some general examples for these functions func, but their exact shape will depend on the biology of the species. For trophic interactions, three types of functional responses have been defined (Holling 1959) – similar functions may be defined for nontrophic interactions but requ ...
... information provides some general examples for these functions func, but their exact shape will depend on the biology of the species. For trophic interactions, three types of functional responses have been defined (Holling 1959) – similar functions may be defined for nontrophic interactions but requ ...
society for range management policy statements, position statements
... Rangelands, a broad category of land comprising more than 40% of the earth’s land area, are characterized by native plant communities, which are often associated with grazing, and are managed by ecological, rather than agronomic methods. The term “range” can also include forestlands that have grazin ...
... Rangelands, a broad category of land comprising more than 40% of the earth’s land area, are characterized by native plant communities, which are often associated with grazing, and are managed by ecological, rather than agronomic methods. The term “range” can also include forestlands that have grazin ...
More than a meal integrating nonfeeding interactions into food webs
... information provides some general examples for these functions func, but their exact shape will depend on the biology of the species. For trophic interactions, three types of functional responses have been defined (Holling 1959) – similar functions may be defined for nontrophic interactions but requ ...
... information provides some general examples for these functions func, but their exact shape will depend on the biology of the species. For trophic interactions, three types of functional responses have been defined (Holling 1959) – similar functions may be defined for nontrophic interactions but requ ...
Arctic Frontiers 2017 Call for Papers
... The polluter pays principle represents another approach. The idea is that activity that causes environmental harm should pay for the clean-up and perhaps more, so that the cost of pollution is internalized in the accounts of the activity in order to motivate for preventive measures. But are such rem ...
... The polluter pays principle represents another approach. The idea is that activity that causes environmental harm should pay for the clean-up and perhaps more, so that the cost of pollution is internalized in the accounts of the activity in order to motivate for preventive measures. But are such rem ...
Biological Synopsis
... southeast Pacific (Chile), southwest Pacific (Australia/New Zealand), North Atlantic, and southeast Atlantic (South Africa). The three morphs proved to be genetically indistinguishable at the allozyme level. Strong support of the clades suggest that long-distance dispersal events, across oceans in t ...
... southeast Pacific (Chile), southwest Pacific (Australia/New Zealand), North Atlantic, and southeast Atlantic (South Africa). The three morphs proved to be genetically indistinguishable at the allozyme level. Strong support of the clades suggest that long-distance dispersal events, across oceans in t ...
PDF
... like quotas, exclosures reduce each falcon’s predation from X to X(1–p), reducing predation returns and leaving more plovers in situ.7 Predator removal is analogous to a lump-sum license fee on harvesters, in that it reduces net returns by increasing the survival cost. The result is that h slows ...
... like quotas, exclosures reduce each falcon’s predation from X to X(1–p), reducing predation returns and leaving more plovers in situ.7 Predator removal is analogous to a lump-sum license fee on harvesters, in that it reduces net returns by increasing the survival cost. The result is that h slows ...
Missouri Forest Management Guidelines Unit 1
... ecosystems. Ensuring that populations remain at viable levels correspondingly generates economic and social benefits. In 2011, residents and nonresidents spent approximately $2.8 billion on wildlife recreation (fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching). From a social perspective, hunting and fishing ...
... ecosystems. Ensuring that populations remain at viable levels correspondingly generates economic and social benefits. In 2011, residents and nonresidents spent approximately $2.8 billion on wildlife recreation (fishing, hunting, and wildlife watching). From a social perspective, hunting and fishing ...
Reading 15 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining
... Critical processes at the ecosystem level influence plant productivity, soil fertility, water quality, atmospheric chemistry, and many other local and global environmental conditions that ultimately affect human welfare. These ecosystem processes are controlled by both the diversity and identity of ...
... Critical processes at the ecosystem level influence plant productivity, soil fertility, water quality, atmospheric chemistry, and many other local and global environmental conditions that ultimately affect human welfare. These ecosystem processes are controlled by both the diversity and identity of ...
Disturbance and trajectory of change in a stream fish community
... change, followed by recovery toward pre-change conditions (Fig. 1f). Another 19 exhibited at least one period of directional saltatory change but no return toward an earlier state (Fig. 1e). Thus, 42 of 71 (=59 %) of the trajectories showed at least one saltatory change. Five other trajectories had ...
... change, followed by recovery toward pre-change conditions (Fig. 1f). Another 19 exhibited at least one period of directional saltatory change but no return toward an earlier state (Fig. 1e). Thus, 42 of 71 (=59 %) of the trajectories showed at least one saltatory change. Five other trajectories had ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... persistent increases in aboveground biomass. Over the 4 study years, aboveground biomass from compost- amended plots increased by 76% ± 21% at the valley grassland and 41% ± 21% at the coastal prairie, compared with controls. Plant N content was also greater from compost-amended plots. There were ...
... persistent increases in aboveground biomass. Over the 4 study years, aboveground biomass from compost- amended plots increased by 76% ± 21% at the valley grassland and 41% ± 21% at the coastal prairie, compared with controls. Plant N content was also greater from compost-amended plots. There were ...
Available Benthic Energy Coefficient (ABEC): a - Archimer
... * Corresponding author : Adrien Tableau, email address : [email protected] ...
... * Corresponding author : Adrien Tableau, email address : [email protected] ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Basic
... and Terrestrial Ecosystems (IGBP-GCTE) and the international program of biodiversity science DIVERSITAS summarized and synthesized the empirical findings and theoretical concepts. The resulting books are another two landmarks in the fast-growing area of research addressing biodiversity and ecosystem ...
... and Terrestrial Ecosystems (IGBP-GCTE) and the international program of biodiversity science DIVERSITAS summarized and synthesized the empirical findings and theoretical concepts. The resulting books are another two landmarks in the fast-growing area of research addressing biodiversity and ecosystem ...
Functional Ecology - Ruhr
... individual as the grey-scale values of the pixels in the photographs in two transects. The mean of all the grey values in the first transect represents pigmentation of the individual in the neck region and is therefore referred to as ‘neck’. In a similar manner, we calculated a variable ‘back’ by me ...
... individual as the grey-scale values of the pixels in the photographs in two transects. The mean of all the grey values in the first transect represents pigmentation of the individual in the neck region and is therefore referred to as ‘neck’. In a similar manner, we calculated a variable ‘back’ by me ...
Trophic interactions and range limits: the diverse roles of
... Here, Ci is the per capita rate of consumption by consumer i (of density Ni ) of the single resource (of density R). The per capita growth rate of consumer i in the absence of predation is Fi, which is assumed to increase with R (figure 1a). We assume that consumer 2 is better at resource exploitati ...
... Here, Ci is the per capita rate of consumption by consumer i (of density Ni ) of the single resource (of density R). The per capita growth rate of consumer i in the absence of predation is Fi, which is assumed to increase with R (figure 1a). We assume that consumer 2 is better at resource exploitati ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.