Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population
... to it. Plants can satiate seed and fruit predators by the periodic synchronous production of large seed crops, socalled mast seeding or fruiting. For example, in field studies Crawley and Long (1995) found that per-capita rates of acorn loss of Quercus robur L. to invertebrate seed predators were gr ...
... to it. Plants can satiate seed and fruit predators by the periodic synchronous production of large seed crops, socalled mast seeding or fruiting. For example, in field studies Crawley and Long (1995) found that per-capita rates of acorn loss of Quercus robur L. to invertebrate seed predators were gr ...
Tennessee 4-H Jr. High Wildlife Manual
... removed by girdling them (cutting a circle through the bark around the tree) and spraying herbicide in the girdle. These trees are left standing (snags) to provide cavities used by birds and mammals for nesting, roosting and denning. Sometimes the trees to be removed are not cut all the way through, ...
... removed by girdling them (cutting a circle through the bark around the tree) and spraying herbicide in the girdle. These trees are left standing (snags) to provide cavities used by birds and mammals for nesting, roosting and denning. Sometimes the trees to be removed are not cut all the way through, ...
Designing marine reserves for interacting species: Insights
... (Tilman et al., 1994, 1997), an additional trophic level (Kareiva and Wennergren, 1995), local dispersal in spatially explicit simulations (e.g. Dytham, 1994; Tilman et al., 1997), different patterns of fragmentation in simulations with local dispersal (Dytham, 1995b,a; Tilman et al., 1997), delayed ...
... (Tilman et al., 1994, 1997), an additional trophic level (Kareiva and Wennergren, 1995), local dispersal in spatially explicit simulations (e.g. Dytham, 1994; Tilman et al., 1997), different patterns of fragmentation in simulations with local dispersal (Dytham, 1995b,a; Tilman et al., 1997), delayed ...
AN ECOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF POECILIID FISHES Gary K. Meffe
... mountain streams in Mexico that have low productivity, and warm, poorly oxygenated waters in summer (Vrijenhoek 1979). Of course, not all poeciliids are so catholic in their habitat use. Many are confined to a few or single localities. This is exemplified by several Gambusia species in the Chihuahua ...
... mountain streams in Mexico that have low productivity, and warm, poorly oxygenated waters in summer (Vrijenhoek 1979). Of course, not all poeciliids are so catholic in their habitat use. Many are confined to a few or single localities. This is exemplified by several Gambusia species in the Chihuahua ...
Wildlife Management Practices (WMPs)
... native grasses and forbs, but also may include brambles and shrubs, depending on landowner objectives and focal wildlife species. Field borders may be established by allowing natural succession from the seedbank or by planting. Field buffers should be a minimum of 30 feet wide, but wider is better. ...
... native grasses and forbs, but also may include brambles and shrubs, depending on landowner objectives and focal wildlife species. Field borders may be established by allowing natural succession from the seedbank or by planting. Field buffers should be a minimum of 30 feet wide, but wider is better. ...
Cod predation on polar cod under warming conditions in the Barents
... • BS polar cod distribution and abundance (to be continued) • Predation by BS cod (to be continued) • Monitor BS sea ice, drift model of larvae, reduced ice => drift of larvae into Kara sea? • Pull together information on polar cod from the pan-arctic region= “indicator species” ...
... • BS polar cod distribution and abundance (to be continued) • Predation by BS cod (to be continued) • Monitor BS sea ice, drift model of larvae, reduced ice => drift of larvae into Kara sea? • Pull together information on polar cod from the pan-arctic region= “indicator species” ...
Today`s activities
... In ecosystems, why does just a small percentage of plant biomass get converted into animal biomass? Today’s activities: Practice test (mini-quiz) ...
... In ecosystems, why does just a small percentage of plant biomass get converted into animal biomass? Today’s activities: Practice test (mini-quiz) ...
Biodiversity in Malaysia
... species of sea turtle, has been attracting tourists to Rantau Abang, a beach on the east coast state of Terengganu, for the last few decades. Every March, when the nesting season begins, thousands of tourists gather at the beach at night to see these giants come ashore and lay their eggs. In the 196 ...
... species of sea turtle, has been attracting tourists to Rantau Abang, a beach on the east coast state of Terengganu, for the last few decades. Every March, when the nesting season begins, thousands of tourists gather at the beach at night to see these giants come ashore and lay their eggs. In the 196 ...
Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of marine pelagic
... sea ice around Antarctica - is rather low and the composition and biomass of plankton, contrary to earlier belief, is similar to that of other high latitude oceans (Smetacek et al. 1990). Krill utilizes a wide range of food sources: phytoplankton, ice algae (Marschall 1988) and copepods (Huntley et ...
... sea ice around Antarctica - is rather low and the composition and biomass of plankton, contrary to earlier belief, is similar to that of other high latitude oceans (Smetacek et al. 1990). Krill utilizes a wide range of food sources: phytoplankton, ice algae (Marschall 1988) and copepods (Huntley et ...
Defining Biodiversity Assessing Biodiversity
... Both “ecosystem” and “habitat” are unusually vague terms; “ecosystem” used to be generally understood in terms of an ecosystem ecology which used physical variables (most notably energy flows) to describe spatially extended biological systems. In that context, “habitat” was more rooted in place but ...
... Both “ecosystem” and “habitat” are unusually vague terms; “ecosystem” used to be generally understood in terms of an ecosystem ecology which used physical variables (most notably energy flows) to describe spatially extended biological systems. In that context, “habitat” was more rooted in place but ...
Population Dynamics ppt
... availability of contraception. An animal which kills and eats another animal for food ...
... availability of contraception. An animal which kills and eats another animal for food ...
The Decline of Atlantic Cod – A Case Study
... the economic impacts of the closures were dramatic. This module describes the historical context of the collapse of the cod fishery as well as assessments of the current status of the resource. Recovery efforts and the future of the fishery are also discussed. Instructional materials include student ...
... the economic impacts of the closures were dramatic. This module describes the historical context of the collapse of the cod fishery as well as assessments of the current status of the resource. Recovery efforts and the future of the fishery are also discussed. Instructional materials include student ...
Collapse of the world`s largest herbivores
... Africa and southern Asia, reversing decades of conservation accomplishments. Poaching and illegal trade in elephant products are currently the top threats to elephants (25). Ivory poaching has surged in recent years, largely due to a rise in demand for and price of ivory in China (26). The number of ...
... Africa and southern Asia, reversing decades of conservation accomplishments. Poaching and illegal trade in elephant products are currently the top threats to elephants (25). Ivory poaching has surged in recent years, largely due to a rise in demand for and price of ivory in China (26). The number of ...
Ecological footprints and sustainable development
... (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) and the Local Agenda 21 agreements emerging since the Rio Conference in 1992. Third, as in many studies of sustainability the role of technological change is ignored, but it would be worth exploring. Presumably, the ecological footprint could b ...
... (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987) and the Local Agenda 21 agreements emerging since the Rio Conference in 1992. Third, as in many studies of sustainability the role of technological change is ignored, but it would be worth exploring. Presumably, the ecological footprint could b ...
The Benefits of Marine Protected Areas
... environmental management was recognised as early as the mid 1970’s, mainly as a response to the destruction of coral for building purposes. The Coastal Environmental Management Plan (for the West Coast) was developed in 1984 with the objective of preventing the environmental degradation of coastal a ...
... environmental management was recognised as early as the mid 1970’s, mainly as a response to the destruction of coral for building purposes. The Coastal Environmental Management Plan (for the West Coast) was developed in 1984 with the objective of preventing the environmental degradation of coastal a ...
Gymnesic Islands, Western Mediterranean
... only A. hidalgoi. Nevertheless, no taphonomic biases that may have originated from selective predation or even by specific behaviour and ecology were adequately considered by these authors. On the other hand, the accuracy of the reported stratigraphy of some deposits from Mallorca, usually considere ...
... only A. hidalgoi. Nevertheless, no taphonomic biases that may have originated from selective predation or even by specific behaviour and ecology were adequately considered by these authors. On the other hand, the accuracy of the reported stratigraphy of some deposits from Mallorca, usually considere ...
Allee effects, extinctions, and chaotic transients in simple population
... populations do not grow without bound, there is growing consensus due to mathematical and empirical advances that negative density dependent factors operate at higher population densities (Wolda & Dennis 1993; Turchin 1995; Harrison & Cappuccino 1995). At lower population densities, any of these fac ...
... populations do not grow without bound, there is growing consensus due to mathematical and empirical advances that negative density dependent factors operate at higher population densities (Wolda & Dennis 1993; Turchin 1995; Harrison & Cappuccino 1995). At lower population densities, any of these fac ...
confederated tribes of the grand ronde community
... spoke different tongues from three major language groups, and although they traded with each other extensively, had unique identities. But one major trait they had in common was that they all relied on rivers and streams, as well as the fish and wildlife associated with them, for their livelihood an ...
... spoke different tongues from three major language groups, and although they traded with each other extensively, had unique identities. But one major trait they had in common was that they all relied on rivers and streams, as well as the fish and wildlife associated with them, for their livelihood an ...
Initial Plant Growth in Sand Mine Spoil Amended with Peat Moss
... The Great Lakes Basin exhibits the largest collection of freshwater sand dunes in the world. Sand dunes are ecologically important and support a unique assemblage of flora and fauna. Sand dunes are also economically valuable. However, when sand dunes are mined, soil quality is drastically reduced. T ...
... The Great Lakes Basin exhibits the largest collection of freshwater sand dunes in the world. Sand dunes are ecologically important and support a unique assemblage of flora and fauna. Sand dunes are also economically valuable. However, when sand dunes are mined, soil quality is drastically reduced. T ...
16_kelp forest ecology
... and the top 4 feet of the stipes • kelp beds were leased to private groups • in California, Kelco (until 2005) • between 100,000 and 170,000 wet tons were harvested from California waters each year ...
... and the top 4 feet of the stipes • kelp beds were leased to private groups • in California, Kelco (until 2005) • between 100,000 and 170,000 wet tons were harvested from California waters each year ...
Giving-up densities of foraging gerbils: the effect of interspecific
... mainly from two directions. The first direction has dealt with studies on the competitive relationship and habitat selection of the two species in enclosed grids, where population densities could be controled. The second direction has dealt with studies on the foraging behavior of the species on mani ...
... mainly from two directions. The first direction has dealt with studies on the competitive relationship and habitat selection of the two species in enclosed grids, where population densities could be controled. The second direction has dealt with studies on the foraging behavior of the species on mani ...
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical
... Abstract: The loss and fragmentation of forest habitats by human land use are recognised as important factors influencing the decline of forest-dependent fauna. Mammal species that are dependent upon forest habitats are particularly sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have highl ...
... Abstract: The loss and fragmentation of forest habitats by human land use are recognised as important factors influencing the decline of forest-dependent fauna. Mammal species that are dependent upon forest habitats are particularly sensitive to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have highl ...
Production of tropical larvaceans in Kingston Harbour, Jamaica: are
... In planktonic animals, growth is expressed either in terms of the daily specific rate (G) or the instantaneous rate (g), where G = e« - 1 and g = ln(W,/WQ)/t. For the individual that survives a time interval, both G and g can be appropriately used to predict its final weight accurately, knowing its ...
... In planktonic animals, growth is expressed either in terms of the daily specific rate (G) or the instantaneous rate (g), where G = e« - 1 and g = ln(W,/WQ)/t. For the individual that survives a time interval, both G and g can be appropriately used to predict its final weight accurately, knowing its ...
Strategic overview of influences of aquaculture on
... environmentally-friendly production methods. Strategic Environmental Assessments of aquaculture are being undertaken by the Loughs Agency (narrow geographic focus) and Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM) for its national operational programme for seafood development. BIM has also developed programmes in suppo ...
... environmentally-friendly production methods. Strategic Environmental Assessments of aquaculture are being undertaken by the Loughs Agency (narrow geographic focus) and Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM) for its national operational programme for seafood development. BIM has also developed programmes in suppo ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.