Coevolutionary dynamics of adaptive radiation for food
... evolutionary history seems to have been influenced by both external and internal factors. Ecological interaction among organisms (e.g., predator–prey interaction and resource competition), which is one of the internal factors, induces their coevolution. Their evolutionary changes can also change the ...
... evolutionary history seems to have been influenced by both external and internal factors. Ecological interaction among organisms (e.g., predator–prey interaction and resource competition), which is one of the internal factors, induces their coevolution. Their evolutionary changes can also change the ...
The interaction between predation and competition: a review and
... availability of shared resources (e.g. as the difference in individual growth rates of the focal species in the presence and absence of the competitor), this measure will usually be smaller in the presence of predators than in their absence. This generalization usually extends to the case of shortte ...
... availability of shared resources (e.g. as the difference in individual growth rates of the focal species in the presence and absence of the competitor), this measure will usually be smaller in the presence of predators than in their absence. This generalization usually extends to the case of shortte ...
CO , nitrogen, and diversity differentially affect seed production of prairie plants 2
... Abstract. Plant species composition and diversity is often influenced by early life history stages; thus, global change could dramatically affect plant community structure by altering seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, ...
... Abstract. Plant species composition and diversity is often influenced by early life history stages; thus, global change could dramatically affect plant community structure by altering seed production. Unfortunately, plant reproductive responses to global change are rarely studied in field settings, ...
Inverse density dependence and the Allee effect
... breeders are generated by a need for a critical number of helpers, which produce an Allee effect13. As a result, a social group driven below a critical threshold would have a lower chance of recovery and consequently become even smaller, with an increasing risk of extinction. This can be illustrated ...
... breeders are generated by a need for a critical number of helpers, which produce an Allee effect13. As a result, a social group driven below a critical threshold would have a lower chance of recovery and consequently become even smaller, with an increasing risk of extinction. This can be illustrated ...
Transdisciplinary Wildlife Management
... On behalf of the Nordic Board for Wildlife Research (NKV) and the co-organizers, we are pleased to welcome You to the XVI NKV Congress! NKV was founded in the early 1970’s to promote Nordic wildlife research and foster cooperation, not only among researchers but also between researchers and wildlife ...
... On behalf of the Nordic Board for Wildlife Research (NKV) and the co-organizers, we are pleased to welcome You to the XVI NKV Congress! NKV was founded in the early 1970’s to promote Nordic wildlife research and foster cooperation, not only among researchers but also between researchers and wildlife ...
THREAT ABATEMENT PLAN
... 1993). Control efforts should be targeted to protect sites where rabbits pose the greatest threat to biodiversity. At these sites, rabbit populations must be suppressed and managed. Interactions between pest species mean that control of rabbits can have effects on other invasive animals, such as fox ...
... 1993). Control efforts should be targeted to protect sites where rabbits pose the greatest threat to biodiversity. At these sites, rabbit populations must be suppressed and managed. Interactions between pest species mean that control of rabbits can have effects on other invasive animals, such as fox ...
chapter 4: biotic resources - San Lorenzo Valley Water District
... band-tailed pigeons, to name a few. These animals and the predators that feed on these animals will be affected, and the ecosystem functions performed by these animals will be impaired. For example, if squirrel numbers are reduced, the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi may be reduced, this in turn woul ...
... band-tailed pigeons, to name a few. These animals and the predators that feed on these animals will be affected, and the ecosystem functions performed by these animals will be impaired. For example, if squirrel numbers are reduced, the dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi may be reduced, this in turn woul ...
Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton
... interactions and provide evidence of how simultaneous invasions of exotic species may ...
... interactions and provide evidence of how simultaneous invasions of exotic species may ...
A STATUS REPORT ON THE CORAL REEF AT PULAU DURAI
... The coral reefs of the South China Sea surrounding Pulau Durai (located in the Northwest of Indonesia at the Anambas Islands) were surveyed from 22 June to 5 July 2011 to provide baseline data on their biotic composition and condition. At each of four sites around the island, point intercept methodo ...
... The coral reefs of the South China Sea surrounding Pulau Durai (located in the Northwest of Indonesia at the Anambas Islands) were surveyed from 22 June to 5 July 2011 to provide baseline data on their biotic composition and condition. At each of four sites around the island, point intercept methodo ...
Open or download EMP bulletin as a PDF file
... Is Chromolaena already too widespread to eradicate in Hawai‘i? Can Hawai‘i’s imperiled ecosystems handle yet another threat? Can Hawai‘i’s natural resource managers afford not to control Chromolaena? As surveys are concluded, OANRP and its partner agencies will think critically about these questions ...
... Is Chromolaena already too widespread to eradicate in Hawai‘i? Can Hawai‘i’s imperiled ecosystems handle yet another threat? Can Hawai‘i’s natural resource managers afford not to control Chromolaena? As surveys are concluded, OANRP and its partner agencies will think critically about these questions ...
Fishing Down Aquatic Food Webs
... We had, perhaps, less confidence in the accuracy of the FAO statistics for the catch from various parts of the world—a perennial problem for scientists trying to understand the functioning of global fisheries. Some of the concern arises from the breadth of the brush that most countries use in report ...
... We had, perhaps, less confidence in the accuracy of the FAO statistics for the catch from various parts of the world—a perennial problem for scientists trying to understand the functioning of global fisheries. Some of the concern arises from the breadth of the brush that most countries use in report ...
Conservation and Subsistence in Small
... cases literally remaking our habitats in the process. Even prior to agriculture, humans began altering ecosystems (e.g., through periodic burning) so as to capture a larger proportion of total biotic energy. This gambit has been so successful that it has produced astounding growth in the human popul ...
... cases literally remaking our habitats in the process. Even prior to agriculture, humans began altering ecosystems (e.g., through periodic burning) so as to capture a larger proportion of total biotic energy. This gambit has been so successful that it has produced astounding growth in the human popul ...
BIODIVERSITY-ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION RESEARCH
... often not clear that any particular level of ecosystem function is good or bad (Vandermeer et al. 2002). Furthermore, the same ecosystem function may be valued very differently in different contexts. High productivity is often not desired in lake management but would be when managing a forest for ca ...
... often not clear that any particular level of ecosystem function is good or bad (Vandermeer et al. 2002). Furthermore, the same ecosystem function may be valued very differently in different contexts. High productivity is often not desired in lake management but would be when managing a forest for ca ...
PDF
... responsibilities for the management and use of fishery resources within the areas of their national jurisdiction, which embrace some 90 percent of the world's marine fisheries. In recent years, world fisheries have become a dynamically developing sector of the food industry, and many States have str ...
... responsibilities for the management and use of fishery resources within the areas of their national jurisdiction, which embrace some 90 percent of the world's marine fisheries. In recent years, world fisheries have become a dynamically developing sector of the food industry, and many States have str ...
... The biological diversity of the earth and its origins have long been a source of amazement and curiosity, and an area of formal inquiry ever since Wallace and Darwin. Current interest in diversity centers both on why there are so many species and on how diversity impacts population and ecosystem pro ...
Stoichiometry of nutrient recycling by vertebrates in a tropical stream
... quantified soluble reactive P (Wen & Peters 1994; Schaus et al. 1997) because TDP analyses were more reliable, due to relatively low SRP concentrations in many samples. In total, we measured excretion rates on 332 replicates (bags) over the three time periods. Excretion rate measurements were made r ...
... quantified soluble reactive P (Wen & Peters 1994; Schaus et al. 1997) because TDP analyses were more reliable, due to relatively low SRP concentrations in many samples. In total, we measured excretion rates on 332 replicates (bags) over the three time periods. Excretion rate measurements were made r ...
Are multispecies models an improvement on single
... then superimposed on this ecological background. Competition is a fundamental structuring process in many ecological theories. Competition requires that the resource shared is limiting, and hence it is closely tied to the carrying capacity of the system for suites of competitors. In most multispecie ...
... then superimposed on this ecological background. Competition is a fundamental structuring process in many ecological theories. Competition requires that the resource shared is limiting, and hence it is closely tied to the carrying capacity of the system for suites of competitors. In most multispecie ...
Impacts of Predators on Northern Bobwhites in the Southeast
... life stages (Rollins and Carroll 2001). Bobwhites are vulnerable to predation since they spend most of their time on the ground, including when nesting. Game bird populations can be limited by predators, but the effects of predation on the population depend on the extent to which predation is counte ...
... life stages (Rollins and Carroll 2001). Bobwhites are vulnerable to predation since they spend most of their time on the ground, including when nesting. Game bird populations can be limited by predators, but the effects of predation on the population depend on the extent to which predation is counte ...
"Allometry and Metabolic Scaling in Ecology". - People
... Recent MTE work indicates that body size imposes substantial constraints on population dynamics as a direct consequence of how it affects individual-level life history parameters. For example, the intrinsic rate of population increase, rmax, is predicted to scale as M21/4 (Savage et al., 2004a) becau ...
... Recent MTE work indicates that body size imposes substantial constraints on population dynamics as a direct consequence of how it affects individual-level life history parameters. For example, the intrinsic rate of population increase, rmax, is predicted to scale as M21/4 (Savage et al., 2004a) becau ...
Bridge under troubled water: Turbulence and niche partitioning in
... The coexistence of competing species relies on niche partitioning. Competitive exclusion is likely inevitable at high niche overlap, but such divide between competitors may be bridged if environmental circumstances displace competitor niches to enhance partitioning. Foraging-niche dimension can be i ...
... The coexistence of competing species relies on niche partitioning. Competitive exclusion is likely inevitable at high niche overlap, but such divide between competitors may be bridged if environmental circumstances displace competitor niches to enhance partitioning. Foraging-niche dimension can be i ...
Téléchargement
... especially squid, which form an important component of the diet of several species of whales, seals and birds (Roper, 1981; Clarke, 1983). Important commercial fisheries for squid currently exist in sea areas adjacent to the Antarctic - around New Zealand and the Falkland Islands - and there has bee ...
... especially squid, which form an important component of the diet of several species of whales, seals and birds (Roper, 1981; Clarke, 1983). Important commercial fisheries for squid currently exist in sea areas adjacent to the Antarctic - around New Zealand and the Falkland Islands - and there has bee ...
Reprinted - RERO DOC
... overgrazing seaweeds (27). If otters are removed from the system, sea urchins are able to completely deplete kelp forests. If this concept is correct, Camerano deduced that the removal of birds would be detrimental since they destroy insects which damage crops. Bottom-up control (or donor control) r ...
... overgrazing seaweeds (27). If otters are removed from the system, sea urchins are able to completely deplete kelp forests. If this concept is correct, Camerano deduced that the removal of birds would be detrimental since they destroy insects which damage crops. Bottom-up control (or donor control) r ...
Marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: what`s known and
... 2006, Naeem et al. 2009a, Schmid et al. 2009, Cardinale et al. 2012). Early reviews of biodiversity– ecosystem functioning noted that the marine realm was underrepresented (Emmerson and Huxham 2002, Hooper et al. 2005), but significant progress has been made and the number of manipulative studi ...
... 2006, Naeem et al. 2009a, Schmid et al. 2009, Cardinale et al. 2012). Early reviews of biodiversity– ecosystem functioning noted that the marine realm was underrepresented (Emmerson and Huxham 2002, Hooper et al. 2005), but significant progress has been made and the number of manipulative studi ...
Modeling Food-Web Dynamics: Complexity
... research was undertaken to corroborate May’s findings, and other research sought to reanimate what many now felt to be the ghost of positive complexity-stability past. Whatever the motivation, important pieces of this ongoing research agenda include examining the role of omnivory, the number of trop ...
... research was undertaken to corroborate May’s findings, and other research sought to reanimate what many now felt to be the ghost of positive complexity-stability past. Whatever the motivation, important pieces of this ongoing research agenda include examining the role of omnivory, the number of trop ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.