Estimating enhancement of fish production by offshore artificial reefs: uncertainty exhibited
... artificial reefs results in additional production of fish are problematic (Grossman et al. 1997). Peterson et al. (2003 in this Theme Section) provide the conceptual basis for computing estimates of enhancement of fish production resulting from the creation and/or restoration of marine habitats. Fir ...
... artificial reefs results in additional production of fish are problematic (Grossman et al. 1997). Peterson et al. (2003 in this Theme Section) provide the conceptual basis for computing estimates of enhancement of fish production resulting from the creation and/or restoration of marine habitats. Fir ...
Key Elements of Biodiversity in British Columbia
... organisational scales – species, habitats and processes. Typically, functional importance has been described at the level of species. And the functional importance of ‘keystone’ species has long been recognised: these are species that have a greater functional importance than suggested by their biom ...
... organisational scales – species, habitats and processes. Typically, functional importance has been described at the level of species. And the functional importance of ‘keystone’ species has long been recognised: these are species that have a greater functional importance than suggested by their biom ...
Lake size and fish diversity determine resource use and trophic
... predators (Tunney et al. 2014). Lake morphometry fundamentally influences several physical, chemical, and biological processes including stratification, productivity, and carbon and nutrient dynamics, as well as niche availability for benthic and pelagic invertebrate and fish species (Wetzel 2001). ...
... predators (Tunney et al. 2014). Lake morphometry fundamentally influences several physical, chemical, and biological processes including stratification, productivity, and carbon and nutrient dynamics, as well as niche availability for benthic and pelagic invertebrate and fish species (Wetzel 2001). ...
Zooplankton growth and trophic linkages: Towe Holmborn
... older copepods (paper V), which are acknowledged important in fish nutrition. These results indicate that C. pengoi may compete with fish due to the diet overlap. ...
... older copepods (paper V), which are acknowledged important in fish nutrition. These results indicate that C. pengoi may compete with fish due to the diet overlap. ...
A synthesis of subdisciplines: predator–prey interactions, and
... i¼1 bij , is independent of r. This implies that there is an inherent trade-off so that consumers can capture a lot of one resource or a little of many different resources, but not a lot of all resources. Note that within any system, we assume that the peak capture rates of all consumer species on t ...
... i¼1 bij , is independent of r. This implies that there is an inherent trade-off so that consumers can capture a lot of one resource or a little of many different resources, but not a lot of all resources. Note that within any system, we assume that the peak capture rates of all consumer species on t ...
Perennial Herbaceous Biomass Production and Harvest in the
... and energy ever since the discovery of fire. In recent years, both U.S. and global interest in generating heat and energy from biomass has been on the rise.1 This includes direct firing (biomass as the sole fuel), co-firing (biomass burned with coal), cogeneration (heat from burned biomass captured ...
... and energy ever since the discovery of fire. In recent years, both U.S. and global interest in generating heat and energy from biomass has been on the rise.1 This includes direct firing (biomass as the sole fuel), co-firing (biomass burned with coal), cogeneration (heat from burned biomass captured ...
The adaptive value of migrations for the bivalve Macoma balthica
... because they have to leave their burrow and become available for pelagic predators such as fish, which they normally do not encounter, and they run the risk to end up in unsuitable habitats. Therefore, the change of habitat must offer major advantages to the migrant. A common life-history feature of ...
... because they have to leave their burrow and become available for pelagic predators such as fish, which they normally do not encounter, and they run the risk to end up in unsuitable habitats. Therefore, the change of habitat must offer major advantages to the migrant. A common life-history feature of ...
recent studies
... the middle of the last century (Nicholson 1933; Andrewortha and Birch 1954). Population limitation occurs when factors, such as predation, reduce the rate of population growth to limit the population below its carry capacity (Sinclair and Pech 1996). Some ecologist held the view that predators had l ...
... the middle of the last century (Nicholson 1933; Andrewortha and Birch 1954). Population limitation occurs when factors, such as predation, reduce the rate of population growth to limit the population below its carry capacity (Sinclair and Pech 1996). Some ecologist held the view that predators had l ...
Use of wild fish and other aquatic organisms as feed in
... The intensive production of mainly carnivorous species in Europe uses fish feeds with a high content of fishmeal and fish oil, currently consuming around 615 000 tonnes of fishmeal and 317 000 tonnes of fish oils per year, thus requiring around 1.9 million tonnes of feedfish. While the capture and p ...
... The intensive production of mainly carnivorous species in Europe uses fish feeds with a high content of fishmeal and fish oil, currently consuming around 615 000 tonnes of fishmeal and 317 000 tonnes of fish oils per year, thus requiring around 1.9 million tonnes of feedfish. While the capture and p ...
BIOLOGICAL SYNOPSIS OF Garra rufa
... G. rufa (Figure 1) is one of the smallest members of the family Cyprinidae, and is one of about 73 members of the genus Garra (Coad 2010; Esmaeili et al. 2009). No subspecies are recognized. Although many species, both native and exotic, from the family Cyprinidae are found in Canada, no Garra speci ...
... G. rufa (Figure 1) is one of the smallest members of the family Cyprinidae, and is one of about 73 members of the genus Garra (Coad 2010; Esmaeili et al. 2009). No subspecies are recognized. Although many species, both native and exotic, from the family Cyprinidae are found in Canada, no Garra speci ...
Herbivory from Individuals to Ecosystems
... be an emergent indirect outcome of the way herbivores balance the foraging-predation trade-off at the individual behavioral level. This review examines the different key ideas and empirical insights related to the role of herbivores in multitrophic ecosystems. The review is used to build a conceptua ...
... be an emergent indirect outcome of the way herbivores balance the foraging-predation trade-off at the individual behavioral level. This review examines the different key ideas and empirical insights related to the role of herbivores in multitrophic ecosystems. The review is used to build a conceptua ...
Predation Risk Influences Adaptive Morphological Variation in Fish
... littoral and pelagic habitats (Eklöv and Van Kooten 2001). However, evolutionary consequences of such indirect effects have not been tested. Thus, we combine two different models of community and evolutionary ecology: habitat preference is determined by a trade-off between predation risk and foragi ...
... littoral and pelagic habitats (Eklöv and Van Kooten 2001). However, evolutionary consequences of such indirect effects have not been tested. Thus, we combine two different models of community and evolutionary ecology: habitat preference is determined by a trade-off between predation risk and foragi ...
Consumer mobility and the relative importance of consumption and
... capacity (K) in Appendix Table l], and the consumer functional response. However, consumer growth rates are independent of producer biomass or production rates as could occur if an external source of less preferred prey, or alternative feeding habitat, were available. The numerous marine examples of ...
... capacity (K) in Appendix Table l], and the consumer functional response. However, consumer growth rates are independent of producer biomass or production rates as could occur if an external source of less preferred prey, or alternative feeding habitat, were available. The numerous marine examples of ...
Limnol. Oceanogr., 44(3, part 2), 1999, 950–97
... to have significant, detectable impacts. For both analyses, we included available information on categorical abundance (e.g., rare, common, abundant) in each source region, as indicated in the literature. This was used to test for relationships between abundance and impact. Although densities were p ...
... to have significant, detectable impacts. For both analyses, we included available information on categorical abundance (e.g., rare, common, abundant) in each source region, as indicated in the literature. This was used to test for relationships between abundance and impact. Although densities were p ...
883) What controls the ability of species to respond (by
... 71) Will agri-environment schemes recover the depauperate populations of farmland wildlife? 72) Which types of agri-environment schemes/measures deliver the most biodiversity protection and how does this relate to cost? 73) What further research is needed to improve the chances that agri-environment ...
... 71) Will agri-environment schemes recover the depauperate populations of farmland wildlife? 72) Which types of agri-environment schemes/measures deliver the most biodiversity protection and how does this relate to cost? 73) What further research is needed to improve the chances that agri-environment ...
North-East Atlantic and Baltic Sea Health Check
... 1. coastal areas, comprising a diverse range of habitats from coastal lagoons, estuaries and inland wetlands, to cliff faces and rocky shores; 2. the continental shelves, which cover the submerged margins of our continents to a depth of approximately 200 metres; and 3. the oceanic basin, or deep sea ...
... 1. coastal areas, comprising a diverse range of habitats from coastal lagoons, estuaries and inland wetlands, to cliff faces and rocky shores; 2. the continental shelves, which cover the submerged margins of our continents to a depth of approximately 200 metres; and 3. the oceanic basin, or deep sea ...
Biology and Ecology of Juvenile Procambarus alleni and
... P. fallax under laboratory conditions that simulated conditions in South Florida wetlands. Adult crayfish of both species were obtained from various areas, including wetlands that were historically connected to the northern Everglades. Young crayfish were hatched from berried females captured in the ...
... P. fallax under laboratory conditions that simulated conditions in South Florida wetlands. Adult crayfish of both species were obtained from various areas, including wetlands that were historically connected to the northern Everglades. Young crayfish were hatched from berried females captured in the ...
The Extinction of Endemic Species by a Program of
... and its age is approximately 1.2 million years good biological species is, however, in ques(Jackson 1976). It is about 12 km in diameter, tion because each, at some point on the island, and its highest peak rises to 1207 m. Nine gives evidence of hybridization or intergraother peaks exceed 700m (Fig ...
... and its age is approximately 1.2 million years good biological species is, however, in ques(Jackson 1976). It is about 12 km in diameter, tion because each, at some point on the island, and its highest peak rises to 1207 m. Nine gives evidence of hybridization or intergraother peaks exceed 700m (Fig ...
Comparability: the key to the applicability of food web research
... Some species in ecological communities have exceedingly large effects on others. This can be possible because of their large effect on the abiotic environment (ecosystem engineers, [30]), or because their cascading interspecific interactions. Either a few or many, as well as either weak or strong di ...
... Some species in ecological communities have exceedingly large effects on others. This can be possible because of their large effect on the abiotic environment (ecosystem engineers, [30]), or because their cascading interspecific interactions. Either a few or many, as well as either weak or strong di ...
BONUS Briefing 8 BAZOOCA
... salinity by Mnemiopsis may change this in the future. Sprat and herring are still the main predators on zooplankton and because of that, fisheries continues to be the largest regulatory factor for the pelagic food web in the Baltic. The fishery policy thus remains the key tool for the management of ...
... salinity by Mnemiopsis may change this in the future. Sprat and herring are still the main predators on zooplankton and because of that, fisheries continues to be the largest regulatory factor for the pelagic food web in the Baltic. The fishery policy thus remains the key tool for the management of ...
Transformations - NSDL Project Archive
... victim and use their legs and palps to pluck signals on the web. They imitate the signals of their intended victim's prey. When the victim comes close to P. fimbriata , they make their attack. •P. fimbriata are specialists at catching cursorial salticids. Most cursorial salticids don't build typical ...
... victim and use their legs and palps to pluck signals on the web. They imitate the signals of their intended victim's prey. When the victim comes close to P. fimbriata , they make their attack. •P. fimbriata are specialists at catching cursorial salticids. Most cursorial salticids don't build typical ...
Seasonal cycles in Ningaloo seaweed meadows367.66 KB
... Seaweeds cover extensive areas of the benthos in marine parks managed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife, are major primary producers and provide habitat and food for numerous fish and invertebrate species. While some seaweed meadows underwent major losses of seaweed cover over summer to winter ...
... Seaweeds cover extensive areas of the benthos in marine parks managed by the Department of Parks and Wildlife, are major primary producers and provide habitat and food for numerous fish and invertebrate species. While some seaweed meadows underwent major losses of seaweed cover over summer to winter ...
Biotic and Abiotic Controls in River and Stream Communities
... sublayers and how frequently these are penetrated by turbulent eddies. By observing diatoms flowing under a microscope set over an artificial stream, Stevenson (1983) showed that small roughness elements (in this case, threads 0.1 mm in diameter) increased the rate at which cells within turbulent ed ...
... sublayers and how frequently these are penetrated by turbulent eddies. By observing diatoms flowing under a microscope set over an artificial stream, Stevenson (1983) showed that small roughness elements (in this case, threads 0.1 mm in diameter) increased the rate at which cells within turbulent ed ...
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns. Sustained overexploitation can lead to the destruction of the resource. The term applies to natural resources such as: wild medicinal plants, grazing pastures, game animals, fish stocks, forests, and water aquifers.In ecology, overexploitation describes one of the five main activities threatening global biodiversity. Ecologists use the term to describe populations that are harvested at a rate that is unsustainable, given their natural rates of mortality and capacities for reproduction. This can result in extinction at the population level and even extinction of whole species. In conservation biology the term is usually used in the context of human economic activity that involves the taking of biological resources, or organisms, in larger numbers than their populations can withstand. The term is also used and defined somewhat differently in fisheries, hydrology and natural resource management.Overexploitation can lead to resource destruction, including extinctions. However it is also possible for overexploitation to be sustainable, as discussed below in the section on fisheries. In the context of fishing, the term overfishing can be used instead of overexploitation, as can overgrazing in stock management, overlogging in forest management, overdrafting in aquifer management, and endangered species in species monitoring. Overexploitation is not an activity limited to humans. Introduced predators and herbivores, for example, can overexploit native flora and fauna.