The dynamics of vulnerability: why adapting to climate variability climate change
... to revisit the claim that adapting to current variability will automatically lead to reducing vulnerability to climate change. While such actions indeed may be no regrets in terms of addressing well-known vulnerabilities in our current climate, there is no guarantee that these decisions will be suff ...
... to revisit the claim that adapting to current variability will automatically lead to reducing vulnerability to climate change. While such actions indeed may be no regrets in terms of addressing well-known vulnerabilities in our current climate, there is no guarantee that these decisions will be suff ...
Warming the world : economic models of global
... change. The models, called RICE-99 (for the Regional Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) and DICE-99 (for the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy), build upon earlier work by Nordhaus and collaborators, particularly the DICE and RICE models constructed in the early 1 ...
... change. The models, called RICE-99 (for the Regional Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy) and DICE-99 (for the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy), build upon earlier work by Nordhaus and collaborators, particularly the DICE and RICE models constructed in the early 1 ...
Background Report: Integrated Ecological Impact Assessment
... Climate change impacts can also affect forest and range ecosystems via indirect means by affecting geomorphic processes, disturbance mechanisms or physical components of ecosystems (e.g., water, soils). Increased summer temperatures can lead to increased severity and frequency of fires, increased fr ...
... Climate change impacts can also affect forest and range ecosystems via indirect means by affecting geomorphic processes, disturbance mechanisms or physical components of ecosystems (e.g., water, soils). Increased summer temperatures can lead to increased severity and frequency of fires, increased fr ...
Short-Lived Promise? - Oxford Martin School
... plants, would also have significant co-benefits for human health and welfare, making them much easier to achieve politically. Some commentators have even argued for a more radical reframing of climate policy, away from long-term temperature goals and towards shorter-term targets for the global energ ...
... plants, would also have significant co-benefits for human health and welfare, making them much easier to achieve politically. Some commentators have even argued for a more radical reframing of climate policy, away from long-term temperature goals and towards shorter-term targets for the global energ ...
2016 - LCLUC
... will then be used in an interdisciplinary overview paper that summarizes the main results and conclusions from the EAT transect. We will further address science questions related to landscape and spectral-reflectance variation along the EAT in comparison to a similar transect in North America, whic ...
... will then be used in an interdisciplinary overview paper that summarizes the main results and conclusions from the EAT transect. We will further address science questions related to landscape and spectral-reflectance variation along the EAT in comparison to a similar transect in North America, whic ...
- Department of Biological Sciences
... Method: high-to-low; intact soil cores of 7 × 50 cm in mesh bags; 12 cores from top for translocation, 2 × 16 cores as controls Duration: 2 years Scope: Effect of increased temperatures on phytomass and organic matter in cool alpine areas Analysis: Total SOC, phytomass, soil chemistry ...
... Method: high-to-low; intact soil cores of 7 × 50 cm in mesh bags; 12 cores from top for translocation, 2 × 16 cores as controls Duration: 2 years Scope: Effect of increased temperatures on phytomass and organic matter in cool alpine areas Analysis: Total SOC, phytomass, soil chemistry ...
the Report - ULI Europe
... In 2011 and 2012 the highest-ever average temperatures were recorded in ...
... In 2011 and 2012 the highest-ever average temperatures were recorded in ...
Assessing Climate Change Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation:
... due to its potential adverse effects on human and natural systems. At the global scale, the average temperature of the earth surface is reported to have increased by 0.8°C over the period 1880-2012 with the great deal of the warming occurring since the 1970s (IPCC 2014). The most recent decade was r ...
... due to its potential adverse effects on human and natural systems. At the global scale, the average temperature of the earth surface is reported to have increased by 0.8°C over the period 1880-2012 with the great deal of the warming occurring since the 1970s (IPCC 2014). The most recent decade was r ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... one of the first victims, given the history of droughts, the fact that about 85% of its population depends on rain-fed agriculture, and that the country is landlocked. Fundamentally, there are two choices to deal with the problem of climate change: mitigation and/or adaptation. Mitigation refers to ...
... one of the first victims, given the history of droughts, the fact that about 85% of its population depends on rain-fed agriculture, and that the country is landlocked. Fundamentally, there are two choices to deal with the problem of climate change: mitigation and/or adaptation. Mitigation refers to ...
PDF
... 1950 - 2009 and separate time invariant state-specific effects of the constructed panel. In general, there are two methods that have been employed to estimate the function. Just and Pope (1978, 1979) present a three-step, Feasible Generalized Least squares (FGLS) method and others have used a Maximu ...
... 1950 - 2009 and separate time invariant state-specific effects of the constructed panel. In general, there are two methods that have been employed to estimate the function. Just and Pope (1978, 1979) present a three-step, Feasible Generalized Least squares (FGLS) method and others have used a Maximu ...
MODULE 2 (EARTH SCIENCE)
... there is distal causality (chain reactions can trigger events far away from an action’s starting point). (DCI: Weather and Climate) (CCC: Cause and Effect) (CCC: Systems and Systems models) (CCC: Stability and Change) 4. The evidence for climate change. ● Discuss what the evidence is for current cli ...
... there is distal causality (chain reactions can trigger events far away from an action’s starting point). (DCI: Weather and Climate) (CCC: Cause and Effect) (CCC: Systems and Systems models) (CCC: Stability and Change) 4. The evidence for climate change. ● Discuss what the evidence is for current cli ...
The non-synchronous response of Rabots Glacia¨r and Storglacia
... glacier are generally similar in form from year to year (see also Rasmussen, 2004). It is obvious (Fig. 3c) that massbalance gradients (db /dz, where b is specific net mass balance and z is altitude) differ between the glaciers. The steeper gradient on Storglaciären (0.008 m w.e. m–1) indicates a ...
... glacier are generally similar in form from year to year (see also Rasmussen, 2004). It is obvious (Fig. 3c) that massbalance gradients (db /dz, where b is specific net mass balance and z is altitude) differ between the glaciers. The steeper gradient on Storglaciären (0.008 m w.e. m–1) indicates a ...
snow and greenhouse report 2003 FINAL
... Appendix 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios on global warming ...
... Appendix 2 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios on global warming ...
Climate Change in Queensland
... Adaptation and mitigation initiatives...................................................................................................... 78 Research challenges............................................................................................................................... 79 ...
... Adaptation and mitigation initiatives...................................................................................................... 78 Research challenges............................................................................................................................... 79 ...
Impacts of Climate Change on all European islands
... There are more than 50,000 European islands of which around 500 are larger than 20 km2. Estonia alone is estimated to have a total of 1,520 islands. iv In the European Union there are 362 islands each with a permanent population of more than 50 inhabitants. v The Outermost Regions (ORs) of the EU ar ...
... There are more than 50,000 European islands of which around 500 are larger than 20 km2. Estonia alone is estimated to have a total of 1,520 islands. iv In the European Union there are 362 islands each with a permanent population of more than 50 inhabitants. v The Outermost Regions (ORs) of the EU ar ...
On the Importance of Strengthening Moderate Beliefs in Climate
... Previous research also suggests that belief is not binary; rather, it falls along a continuum from denial to conviction [1]. The extent of beliefs, in turn, is related to behavioral intentions. Two studies have shown that the extent to which an individual believes in climate change is positively cor ...
... Previous research also suggests that belief is not binary; rather, it falls along a continuum from denial to conviction [1]. The extent of beliefs, in turn, is related to behavioral intentions. Two studies have shown that the extent to which an individual believes in climate change is positively cor ...
Submission from the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
... The Tropical Pacific Observing System, developed during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) project (1984‐94), is a core component of the Global Climate Observing System, underpinning climate services, including the delivery of seasonal forecasts. Recent ch ...
... The Tropical Pacific Observing System, developed during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) project (1984‐94), is a core component of the Global Climate Observing System, underpinning climate services, including the delivery of seasonal forecasts. Recent ch ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism
... that the trade-off between wellbeing in the first two periods be separable from the remainder of the stream. Regarding (i), there is a large literature, starting with Diamond (1965), which has established a conflict between imposing equity conditions (like equal treatment and “Hammond Equity for the ...
... that the trade-off between wellbeing in the first two periods be separable from the remainder of the stream. Regarding (i), there is a large literature, starting with Diamond (1965), which has established a conflict between imposing equity conditions (like equal treatment and “Hammond Equity for the ...
Production and release of a V0
... In its October 2010 annual meeting, the United Nations Committee on World Food Security (CFS) requested its high level panel of experts (HLPE) to conduct a study on climate change and food security, to “review existing assessments and initiatives on the effects of climate change on food security and ...
... In its October 2010 annual meeting, the United Nations Committee on World Food Security (CFS) requested its high level panel of experts (HLPE) to conduct a study on climate change and food security, to “review existing assessments and initiatives on the effects of climate change on food security and ...
Volcanoes and climate - South Dakota State University
... the 1950s with the establishment of a global monitoring and reporting network and the publication of Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior.28 In addition to relying on records of eyewitness description, the effo ...
... the 1950s with the establishment of a global monitoring and reporting network and the publication of Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior.28 In addition to relying on records of eyewitness description, the effo ...
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme
... ce cores and other evidence of climate conditions in the distant past provide evidence that rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are associated with rising global temperatures. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of l ...
... ce cores and other evidence of climate conditions in the distant past provide evidence that rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are associated with rising global temperatures. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas), and secondarily the clearing of l ...
The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change
... words, the sunflower will increase in biomass over time as it generates new organic carbon. But where is this organic carbon coming from? The simple answer is that the carbon in sunflower biomass originates as inorganic carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. The biochemical reactions of photosynthesi ...
... words, the sunflower will increase in biomass over time as it generates new organic carbon. But where is this organic carbon coming from? The simple answer is that the carbon in sunflower biomass originates as inorganic carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere. The biochemical reactions of photosynthesi ...
US Senate Minority Report
... interaction with the Earth. “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of ...
... interaction with the Earth. “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of ...
Vulnerability to Climate Change and Reasons for
... change, such as population growth and urbanization. Socioeconomic systems have complex and varying mechanisms for adapting to climate change. There are preliminary indications that some social and economic systems have been affected in part by 20th-century regional climate changes (e.g., increased d ...
... change, such as population growth and urbanization. Socioeconomic systems have complex and varying mechanisms for adapting to climate change. There are preliminary indications that some social and economic systems have been affected in part by 20th-century regional climate changes (e.g., increased d ...
US Senate Minority Report - US Senate Committee on Environment
... interaction with the Earth. “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of ...
... interaction with the Earth. “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.