Carbon and Climate System Coupling on Timescales from
... carbon, carbon derived from paleovegetation, exist as deposits of coal, oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon-rich material in the crust. The current focus on the carbon cycle arises because humans are accelerating dramatically the transfer of very old carbon from crustal hydrocarbon reservoirs to ...
... carbon, carbon derived from paleovegetation, exist as deposits of coal, oil, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon-rich material in the crust. The current focus on the carbon cycle arises because humans are accelerating dramatically the transfer of very old carbon from crustal hydrocarbon reservoirs to ...
part 3. technical summary
... lagoons and island areas. The Kune-Vain protected area (with a total surface of approximately 2300 ha) and the Knalla Lagoon lie within the Drini Delta. The area has been recognized as an IBA and is also recognized for its landscape values under the Ramsar Convention. It provides wintering and nesti ...
... lagoons and island areas. The Kune-Vain protected area (with a total surface of approximately 2300 ha) and the Knalla Lagoon lie within the Drini Delta. The area has been recognized as an IBA and is also recognized for its landscape values under the Ramsar Convention. It provides wintering and nesti ...
Longterm climate forcings to assess vulnerability in North Africa dry
... climate, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to estimate its potential range. Then, SDM was used to estimate its potential distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 BP) and the Middle Holocene (Mid-Holocene; 6,000 BP). Model predictions for past scenarios were compared with ...
... climate, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to estimate its potential range. Then, SDM was used to estimate its potential distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21,000 BP) and the Middle Holocene (Mid-Holocene; 6,000 BP). Model predictions for past scenarios were compared with ...
Glacial unloading: Forcings, responses and processes Larsen, C.F.
... of small mountain glaciers is estimated to be responsible for 25% of worldwide sea level rise (Meier, 1984). Systems with high rates of mass exchange, such as the temperate glaciers of the Gulf of Alaska coastal mountains, have the potential for rapid and significant contributions to global sea-leve ...
... of small mountain glaciers is estimated to be responsible for 25% of worldwide sea level rise (Meier, 1984). Systems with high rates of mass exchange, such as the temperate glaciers of the Gulf of Alaska coastal mountains, have the potential for rapid and significant contributions to global sea-leve ...
A Summary of the Effects of Climate Change on
... species. A changing climate and increasing levels of ultraviolet light pose additional risks that add to existing threats. The combination of changes in land use, habitat, and climate present a serious challenge to the long-term integrity and health of aquatic ecosystems. Because fish are cold-blood ...
... species. A changing climate and increasing levels of ultraviolet light pose additional risks that add to existing threats. The combination of changes in land use, habitat, and climate present a serious challenge to the long-term integrity and health of aquatic ecosystems. Because fish are cold-blood ...
Future changes in Mekong River hydrology
... (King et al., 2007; Mekong River Commission, 2008; Keskinen et al., 2012), which will alter the current flow regime. On top of these developments, projected climate change is expected to alter the flow regime (Eastham et al., 2008; Hoanh et al., 2010; Mekong River Commission, 2010c; Västilä et al. ...
... (King et al., 2007; Mekong River Commission, 2008; Keskinen et al., 2012), which will alter the current flow regime. On top of these developments, projected climate change is expected to alter the flow regime (Eastham et al., 2008; Hoanh et al., 2010; Mekong River Commission, 2010c; Västilä et al. ...
Climate change impacts on mass movements
... stability of slopes (Stoffel et al., 2005a; Stoffel and Huggel, 2012). However, while there is theoretical understanding for increased massmovement activity as a result of predicted climate change in mountain environments, changes in activity are difficult to detect in observational records. In addit ...
... stability of slopes (Stoffel et al., 2005a; Stoffel and Huggel, 2012). However, while there is theoretical understanding for increased massmovement activity as a result of predicted climate change in mountain environments, changes in activity are difficult to detect in observational records. In addit ...
does adaptation to climate change provide food security?
... in Africa listed Ethiopia as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change with the least capacity to respond (Orindi et al. 2006; Stige et al. 2006). The country’s economy heavily relies upon the agricultural sector, which is mostly rainfed. The agricultural sector accounts for about 40% o ...
... in Africa listed Ethiopia as one of the countries most vulnerable to climate change with the least capacity to respond (Orindi et al. 2006; Stige et al. 2006). The country’s economy heavily relies upon the agricultural sector, which is mostly rainfed. The agricultural sector accounts for about 40% o ...
Seasonality of climate-human mortality relationships in US cities and
... monthly data for 28 major US cities from 1964 to 1998. Daily all-causes mortality counts are agestandardized, aggregated monthly, and related to mean monthly 07:00 h local standard time (LST) air temperature in each city. The climate–mortality seasonality patterns are examined for spatial and tempor ...
... monthly data for 28 major US cities from 1964 to 1998. Daily all-causes mortality counts are agestandardized, aggregated monthly, and related to mean monthly 07:00 h local standard time (LST) air temperature in each city. The climate–mortality seasonality patterns are examined for spatial and tempor ...
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... ABSTRACT. This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation on farm households’ downside risk exposure in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The analysis relies on a moment-based specification of the stochastic production function. We use an empirical strategy that accounts for the heterogene ...
... ABSTRACT. This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation on farm households’ downside risk exposure in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The analysis relies on a moment-based specification of the stochastic production function. We use an empirical strategy that accounts for the heterogene ...
On Welfare Frameworks and Catastrophic Climate Risks
... result. This paper analyses these critiques and suggests that those in the first two categories have formal validity, but that they apply only to the restricted setup of the original result, which may be extended to address their concerns. They are thus ultimately unconvincing. Critiques in the third ...
... result. This paper analyses these critiques and suggests that those in the first two categories have formal validity, but that they apply only to the restricted setup of the original result, which may be extended to address their concerns. They are thus ultimately unconvincing. Critiques in the third ...
Impact Assessment on Aquaculture Framers in Sarawak, Malaysia
... extreme warming trends of the mean surface temperature. Malaysia has experienced the highest mean surface temperature in 1997 and 1998 and the frequent El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. These scenarios have influence to the abnormal patterns of precipitation and also increase the droughts, ...
... extreme warming trends of the mean surface temperature. Malaysia has experienced the highest mean surface temperature in 1997 and 1998 and the frequent El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. These scenarios have influence to the abnormal patterns of precipitation and also increase the droughts, ...
Climate Change curriculum
... respect and reverence for the elements as we seek to understand the changes to climate that are occurring all around us. Climate change is a complex topic that provides opportunities for students to explore many interrelationships, including the connections between our energy use and changes in the ...
... respect and reverence for the elements as we seek to understand the changes to climate that are occurring all around us. Climate change is a complex topic that provides opportunities for students to explore many interrelationships, including the connections between our energy use and changes in the ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological Diversity
... carried out on a climatically significant scale, changes may include an increased risk of harmful algal blooms, and greater densities and biomass of benthos. Increases in net primary productivity in one region will likely be offset by decreases in adjacent areas. Ocean fertilization is expected to i ...
... carried out on a climatically significant scale, changes may include an increased risk of harmful algal blooms, and greater densities and biomass of benthos. Increases in net primary productivity in one region will likely be offset by decreases in adjacent areas. Ocean fertilization is expected to i ...
End of Program Report - Pacific Climate Change Science
... • Mean temperatures in the region have increased by 0.08 to 0.20°C/ decade since 1960. Sea level in the region has risen by 2 to 10 mm/year from 1993-2009, with significant year-to-year variability. The global average rate of rise over the same period is 3.2 mm/year. Rainfall data since 1960 show l ...
... • Mean temperatures in the region have increased by 0.08 to 0.20°C/ decade since 1960. Sea level in the region has risen by 2 to 10 mm/year from 1993-2009, with significant year-to-year variability. The global average rate of rise over the same period is 3.2 mm/year. Rainfall data since 1960 show l ...
Desert dust and anthropogenic aerosol interactions
... Anthropogenic and natural aerosols represent an additional process that has not yet been fully incorporated into coupled carbon-climate models. Aerosols are solids or liquids suspended in the atmosphere. They interfere with incoming and outgoing radiation, and potentially impact cloud formation (e.g ...
... Anthropogenic and natural aerosols represent an additional process that has not yet been fully incorporated into coupled carbon-climate models. Aerosols are solids or liquids suspended in the atmosphere. They interfere with incoming and outgoing radiation, and potentially impact cloud formation (e.g ...
Climate Impact Research in the BSR: State of the Art
... gulf, is also rapidly disappearing. A year from now another 25 to 30 square miles of delta marsh - an area the size of Manhattan - will have vanished. An acre disappears every 24 minutes. Each loss gives a storm surge a clearer path to wash over the delta and pour into the bowl, trapping one million ...
... gulf, is also rapidly disappearing. A year from now another 25 to 30 square miles of delta marsh - an area the size of Manhattan - will have vanished. An acre disappears every 24 minutes. Each loss gives a storm surge a clearer path to wash over the delta and pour into the bowl, trapping one million ...
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT)
... statistical analyses to get frequency distribution tables, percentages to determine the proportion of the variables, and the variables were tested using correlation and chi-square contingency. The result of the investigation has revealed the extent (the rate of change) vis-à-vis desertification of t ...
... statistical analyses to get frequency distribution tables, percentages to determine the proportion of the variables, and the variables were tested using correlation and chi-square contingency. The result of the investigation has revealed the extent (the rate of change) vis-à-vis desertification of t ...
Marine stratocumulus clouds cover a considerable portion of the
... the southward shift of the ITCZ and the “double” ITCZ (Large and Danabasoglu, 2006). Meridional shift of rainfall has significant impact on the tropical rivers discharge in the Atlantic sector. In particular, the Congo discharge in CCSM3 more than doubles the climatological discharge of Large and Y ...
... the southward shift of the ITCZ and the “double” ITCZ (Large and Danabasoglu, 2006). Meridional shift of rainfall has significant impact on the tropical rivers discharge in the Atlantic sector. In particular, the Congo discharge in CCSM3 more than doubles the climatological discharge of Large and Y ...
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... Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data. Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the intensity of solar radiation at different locations and define angle of incidence. 2) Which of the following is true of the summer solstice? A) The Northern Hemisphere points away from the sun. B) Winter b ...
... Glob Sci Outcome: 3. Read and Interpret Graphs and Data. Learning Outcome: 2.1.1: Describe the intensity of solar radiation at different locations and define angle of incidence. 2) Which of the following is true of the summer solstice? A) The Northern Hemisphere points away from the sun. B) Winter b ...
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... associated with decreasing moisture conditions can lead to severe drought and affect yield potential and impact crop production. Canadian climate model projection studies indicate a gradual decline in annual precipitation in the prairie province of Saskatchewan (Price et al. 2011) which is likely to ...
... associated with decreasing moisture conditions can lead to severe drought and affect yield potential and impact crop production. Canadian climate model projection studies indicate a gradual decline in annual precipitation in the prairie province of Saskatchewan (Price et al. 2011) which is likely to ...
On welfare frameworks and catastrophic climate risks
... such risks can swamp all other effects on welfare, including those that arise from conventional discounting, and make willingness to pay to avoid them formally infinite. Weitzman argues that this has radical implications for the way we evaluate policies that aim to mitigate climate change, and sugge ...
... such risks can swamp all other effects on welfare, including those that arise from conventional discounting, and make willingness to pay to avoid them formally infinite. Weitzman argues that this has radical implications for the way we evaluate policies that aim to mitigate climate change, and sugge ...
published
... Land-use history has often been cited as a major contributor to the current wildfire dilemma including increased development of the WUI and the exclusion of fire, particularly in the areas where fire puts populations at risk (Moritz et al., 2014). However, research on climate change and wildfire risk al ...
... Land-use history has often been cited as a major contributor to the current wildfire dilemma including increased development of the WUI and the exclusion of fire, particularly in the areas where fire puts populations at risk (Moritz et al., 2014). However, research on climate change and wildfire risk al ...
Full text in pdf format
... Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
... Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher ...
Assessment of flash floods taking into account climate
... Some researchers have found that extreme events are expected to increase all over Europe due to global change (Dankers and Feyen, 2009). However, there is not a lot of agreement in concluding that the occurrence and magnitude of floods have increased due to climate-driven changes (Intergovernmental ...
... Some researchers have found that extreme events are expected to increase all over Europe due to global change (Dankers and Feyen, 2009). However, there is not a lot of agreement in concluding that the occurrence and magnitude of floods have increased due to climate-driven changes (Intergovernmental ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.