The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... billion annually”. Müller and Hepburn (2006) extrapolated NAPAs to arrive at an adaptation cost estimate of $ 5.4 – 9.2 billion. Although the first-generation studies are mostly based on the same methodology, they resulted in a large range in estimates, with the lowest number at $4 billion and the h ...
... billion annually”. Müller and Hepburn (2006) extrapolated NAPAs to arrive at an adaptation cost estimate of $ 5.4 – 9.2 billion. Although the first-generation studies are mostly based on the same methodology, they resulted in a large range in estimates, with the lowest number at $4 billion and the h ...
Buddhist Contributions to Climate Response
... Another body of literature describes the media’s role in highlighting uncertainty and raising doubt about climate science. While this is due in part to normative journalistic practices, it is also fueled by disinformation campaigns organized by climate change skeptics.10 The second exp ...
... Another body of literature describes the media’s role in highlighting uncertainty and raising doubt about climate science. While this is due in part to normative journalistic practices, it is also fueled by disinformation campaigns organized by climate change skeptics.10 The second exp ...
The effects of extreme drought on climate change beliefs, risk
... with extreme weather helps climate change feel more real, immediate, and local, which in turn reduces some of the cognitive barriers to climate change action (Gifford 2011) and increases the likelihood of people being concerned about climate change (Weber 2006). However, other research has failed to ...
... with extreme weather helps climate change feel more real, immediate, and local, which in turn reduces some of the cognitive barriers to climate change action (Gifford 2011) and increases the likelihood of people being concerned about climate change (Weber 2006). However, other research has failed to ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... by policymakers. Recent observations strongly suggest that climate change may soon push some systems past tipping points, with global implications. For example, the additional heat absorbed by an increasingly ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer is already accelerating local and regional warming and prev ...
... by policymakers. Recent observations strongly suggest that climate change may soon push some systems past tipping points, with global implications. For example, the additional heat absorbed by an increasingly ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer is already accelerating local and regional warming and prev ...
climate change WG II
... hazardous climate events occurring within a specific time period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts, and sea level rise, are a subset of imp ...
... hazardous climate events occurring within a specific time period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts, and sea level rise, are a subset of imp ...
arctic climate feedbacks: global implications
... by policymakers. Recent observations strongly suggest that climate change may soon push some systems past tipping points, with global implications. For example, the additional heat absorbed by an increasingly ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer is already accelerating local and regional warming and prev ...
... by policymakers. Recent observations strongly suggest that climate change may soon push some systems past tipping points, with global implications. For example, the additional heat absorbed by an increasingly ice-free Arctic Ocean in summer is already accelerating local and regional warming and prev ...
PDF
... projection of human action on the natural environment. Large parts of the terrestrial land surface are used for agriculture, forestry, settlements and infrastructure. Among these, agricultural production is still the dominant land use accounting for 34% of today’s land surface (Leff et al. , 2004), ...
... projection of human action on the natural environment. Large parts of the terrestrial land surface are used for agriculture, forestry, settlements and infrastructure. Among these, agricultural production is still the dominant land use accounting for 34% of today’s land surface (Leff et al. , 2004), ...
Community Adaptation Plan Bluefields, Jamaica
... The earth is getting warmer. Over the past hundred years, the earth’s average temperature has gone up by approximately 0.8°C or 1.5°F. The earth has got warmer in the past, but what is different this time is that it is warming much faster now, and the changes we are seeing are bigger than before. Th ...
... The earth is getting warmer. Over the past hundred years, the earth’s average temperature has gone up by approximately 0.8°C or 1.5°F. The earth has got warmer in the past, but what is different this time is that it is warming much faster now, and the changes we are seeing are bigger than before. Th ...
A Teacher`s Guide for the Video Sila Alangotok— Inuit Observations
... Climate change can be defined as “…a change in the average weather that a given region experiences” (Environment Canada, 1995, 11). Average weather includes elements such as temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. In the media, the terms global warming and climate change are often used interc ...
... Climate change can be defined as “…a change in the average weather that a given region experiences” (Environment Canada, 1995, 11). Average weather includes elements such as temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. In the media, the terms global warming and climate change are often used interc ...
Climate Change: ImplIcatIons and strategIes for the luxury fashIon
... for Luxury Fashion It is imperative that companies develop a strategic approach to tackling the challenges posed by climate change risks to their business and across their supply chains. Key to this will be outlining a clear agenda to build resilient supply chains focusing on the prioritization of a ...
... for Luxury Fashion It is imperative that companies develop a strategic approach to tackling the challenges posed by climate change risks to their business and across their supply chains. Key to this will be outlining a clear agenda to build resilient supply chains focusing on the prioritization of a ...
Summary for Policymakers
... hazardous climate events occurring within a specific time period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts, and sea level rise, are a subset of imp ...
... hazardous climate events occurring within a specific time period and the vulnerability of an exposed society or system. Impacts are also referred to as consequences and outcomes. The impacts of climate change on geophysical systems, including floods, droughts, and sea level rise, are a subset of imp ...
Atmospheric CO2 targets for ocean acidification perturbation
... in p(CO2)atm with levels at 2100 ranging between ~530 to 970 ppm p(CO2)atm (Figure 3.3), depending on the scenario and carbon cycle model used. Recent models indicate that continued warming of the sea surface will inhibit ocean carbon uptake, leading to ~4% higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels i ...
... in p(CO2)atm with levels at 2100 ranging between ~530 to 970 ppm p(CO2)atm (Figure 3.3), depending on the scenario and carbon cycle model used. Recent models indicate that continued warming of the sea surface will inhibit ocean carbon uptake, leading to ~4% higher atmospheric carbon dioxide levels i ...
In The Greenhouse
... convection air movement carrying away the heat as well as by radiation, climate change indicators greenhouse gases climate - greenhouse gases from human activities are the most significant driver of observed climate change since the mid 20 th century 1 the indicators in this chapter, greenhouse mega ...
... convection air movement carrying away the heat as well as by radiation, climate change indicators greenhouse gases climate - greenhouse gases from human activities are the most significant driver of observed climate change since the mid 20 th century 1 the indicators in this chapter, greenhouse mega ...
Impact of climate change on tropospheric ozone
... The baseline run A covers the years 1996–2000 using emissions for year 2000 and is used to verify the model performance against observations. Run B uses 2100 emissions to assess changes of tropospheric composition only due to changes in these anthropogenic emissions. Run C calculates future changes ...
... The baseline run A covers the years 1996–2000 using emissions for year 2000 and is used to verify the model performance against observations. Run B uses 2100 emissions to assess changes of tropospheric composition only due to changes in these anthropogenic emissions. Run C calculates future changes ...
The Evangelical Debate Over Climate Change
... librarian Chip Ward has decried "zealous fundamentalist Christians" as "America's Taliban, also known as George Bush's base." 5 The prospect of evangelicals dictating public policy is threatening to such observers, even when they might agree with the policy in question. These views prompted New York ...
... librarian Chip Ward has decried "zealous fundamentalist Christians" as "America's Taliban, also known as George Bush's base." 5 The prospect of evangelicals dictating public policy is threatening to such observers, even when they might agree with the policy in question. These views prompted New York ...
Indian and Pacific Ocean Influences on Southeast Australian
... temporal signals than did rainfall deficits. Here, we analyze soil moisture, especially in deeper layers, which reacts more slowly to changes in available surface water as it integrates hydrological effects over longer time scales. This inertia is useful in distinguishing between highfrequency inter ...
... temporal signals than did rainfall deficits. Here, we analyze soil moisture, especially in deeper layers, which reacts more slowly to changes in available surface water as it integrates hydrological effects over longer time scales. This inertia is useful in distinguishing between highfrequency inter ...
The Socio-Economic Impact of Sea Level Rise in the Galveston Bay
... variability of relevant quantities over several decades or the "average weather", due to natural inconsistencies or human activities. The quantities are usually surface variables including temperature, precipitation, and wind (IPCC 1995, IPCC AR-4, 2007). Climate change is a change in climate quanti ...
... variability of relevant quantities over several decades or the "average weather", due to natural inconsistencies or human activities. The quantities are usually surface variables including temperature, precipitation, and wind (IPCC 1995, IPCC AR-4, 2007). Climate change is a change in climate quanti ...
Degrees of Change: Climate Warming and the Stakes for Canada
... No greater environmental and economic challenge faces Canada and Canadians than climate change. From melting sea ice in the Arctic to the pine beetle infestation in British Columbia to more extreme weather events, a warming globe from increased greenhouse gas emissions is making its effects known ri ...
... No greater environmental and economic challenge faces Canada and Canadians than climate change. From melting sea ice in the Arctic to the pine beetle infestation in British Columbia to more extreme weather events, a warming globe from increased greenhouse gas emissions is making its effects known ri ...
Sea-level Rise Projections
... published: a report by the National Research Council (NRC) on sealevel rise along the California, Oregon, and Washington coasts17 and the development of sea-level rise scenarios18 used in the National Climate Assessment19 that is scheduled to be released in 2013. The NRC assessment examined in detai ...
... published: a report by the National Research Council (NRC) on sealevel rise along the California, Oregon, and Washington coasts17 and the development of sea-level rise scenarios18 used in the National Climate Assessment19 that is scheduled to be released in 2013. The NRC assessment examined in detai ...
Exposure to extreme heat and precipitation events associated with
... Background: Several studies have investigated the association between asthma exacerbations and exposures to ambient temperature and precipitation. However, limited data exists regarding how extreme events, projected to grow in frequency, intensity, and duration in the future in response to our chang ...
... Background: Several studies have investigated the association between asthma exacerbations and exposures to ambient temperature and precipitation. However, limited data exists regarding how extreme events, projected to grow in frequency, intensity, and duration in the future in response to our chang ...
The Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture, Land Resources,
... be found in Section 3 of this summary: • What factors influencing agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity in the United States are sensitive to climate and climate change? • How could changes in climate exacerbate or ameliorate stresses on agriculture, land resources, water ...
... be found in Section 3 of this summary: • What factors influencing agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity in the United States are sensitive to climate and climate change? • How could changes in climate exacerbate or ameliorate stresses on agriculture, land resources, water ...
Climate change integrated assessment methodology for cross
... – and disaggregated into 10000 values by a statistical emulator ...
... – and disaggregated into 10000 values by a statistical emulator ...
Preventing El Niño Southern Oscillation Episodes from Becoming
... humanitarian assistance in East and Southern Africa, Central America, the Caribbean and the Pacific. The most vulnerable groups bore the brunt of the emergency, including women, children, the elderly, the disabled and people living with HIV/AIDS. More than 1 million children suffered from severe acu ...
... humanitarian assistance in East and Southern Africa, Central America, the Caribbean and the Pacific. The most vulnerable groups bore the brunt of the emergency, including women, children, the elderly, the disabled and people living with HIV/AIDS. More than 1 million children suffered from severe acu ...
The positive impact of human CO2 emissions on the survival of life
... chalk, limestone, marble and dolomite. By far the majority of ...
... chalk, limestone, marble and dolomite. By far the majority of ...
Fear Won`t Do It - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
... reinsurance difficulties (e.g., Munich Re, 2004). These impacts are often forecast as a smooth, linear progression. However, Lenton et al. (2008) highlight that this may not be the case, illustrating the concept that the Earth’s system may pass “tipping points” in the Earth system. Both mitigation a ...
... reinsurance difficulties (e.g., Munich Re, 2004). These impacts are often forecast as a smooth, linear progression. However, Lenton et al. (2008) highlight that this may not be the case, illustrating the concept that the Earth’s system may pass “tipping points” in the Earth system. Both mitigation a ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.