2015 Arctic Report Card
... As sea ice retreat becomes more extensive in summer and previously ice-covered water is exposed to more solar radiation, sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean temperatures are increasing throughout much of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. The Chukchi Sea northwest of Alaska and eastern Ba ...
... As sea ice retreat becomes more extensive in summer and previously ice-covered water is exposed to more solar radiation, sea surface temperature (SST) and upper ocean temperatures are increasing throughout much of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. The Chukchi Sea northwest of Alaska and eastern Ba ...
a 2017 national survey of broadcast meteorologists
... Climate Matters users section ................................................................................................... 53 General information about the respondents ............................................................................ 67 ...
... Climate Matters users section ................................................................................................... 53 General information about the respondents ............................................................................ 67 ...
U. S. Senate Minority Report:
... This new 2009 255-page U.S. Senate Minority Report -- updated from 2007’s groundbreaking report of over 400 scientists who voiced skepticism about the so-called global warming “consensus” -- features the skeptical voices of over 700 prominent international scientists, including many current and form ...
... This new 2009 255-page U.S. Senate Minority Report -- updated from 2007’s groundbreaking report of over 400 scientists who voiced skepticism about the so-called global warming “consensus” -- features the skeptical voices of over 700 prominent international scientists, including many current and form ...
Recognitions and Responsibilities - International Research Institute
... often have a shallow temporal depth, since they examine the social interactions through which scientists engage with each other and with wider social circles. This shallow temporal depth has been reinforced by developments in the history and philosophy of science that follows Kuhn’s work on paradigm ...
... often have a shallow temporal depth, since they examine the social interactions through which scientists engage with each other and with wider social circles. This shallow temporal depth has been reinforced by developments in the history and philosophy of science that follows Kuhn’s work on paradigm ...
Smoke, Mirrors & Hot Air How ExxonMobil Uses Big Tobacco’s Tactics
... n its campaign to sow uncertainty about the scientific evidence on global warming, ExxonMobil has followed a corporate strategy pioneered by the tobacco industry. Because ExxonMobil’s strategy, tactics, and even some personnel draw heavily from the tobacco industry’s playbook, it is useful to look b ...
... n its campaign to sow uncertainty about the scientific evidence on global warming, ExxonMobil has followed a corporate strategy pioneered by the tobacco industry. Because ExxonMobil’s strategy, tactics, and even some personnel draw heavily from the tobacco industry’s playbook, it is useful to look b ...
Global Climate Change - kelleymarine
... 15ºC in 100-1000 years = 1.5º- 15ºC per Century Current warming is at about 0.5ºC over the last century The IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) estimate for the Climate Sensitivity is 1.5 to 4.5 °C; and the average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees over the ...
... 15ºC in 100-1000 years = 1.5º- 15ºC per Century Current warming is at about 0.5ºC over the last century The IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) estimate for the Climate Sensitivity is 1.5 to 4.5 °C; and the average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4 to 5.8 Celsius degrees over the ...
regional climate vulnerability assessment
... cases where insufficient data existed on a local and regional level, data from other international studies was used. The recommendations were compiled from those in the national CVA reports, with additional regional recommendations developed from the literature by the author. ...
... cases where insufficient data existed on a local and regional level, data from other international studies was used. The recommendations were compiled from those in the national CVA reports, with additional regional recommendations developed from the literature by the author. ...
Module 1: Introduction to climate change in the context of
... Set up jointly in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organisation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded in its fourth Scientific Assessment that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th cen ...
... Set up jointly in 1988 by the United Nations Environment Programme and the World Meteorological Organisation, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concluded in its fourth Scientific Assessment that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th cen ...
Hjermann et al. 2004 - Fisheries Acoustics Research
... 1982, 1984). We have used the socalled log-index, which is an index Capelin population growth. We estimated populabased on back-transformed logarithmic means tion growth based on estimates from the joint Russ(Randa 1982, 1984). In some of the reported analyses ian/Norwegian acoustic survey of pelagi ...
... 1982, 1984). We have used the socalled log-index, which is an index Capelin population growth. We estimated populabased on back-transformed logarithmic means tion growth based on estimates from the joint Russ(Randa 1982, 1984). In some of the reported analyses ian/Norwegian acoustic survey of pelagi ...
Boreal and temperate snow cover variations
... the atmospheric feedbacks. These experiments do not take into account the feedbacks induced by the interactions between ocean and atmosphere as they were conducted with prescribed sea surface temperatures. Climate change by the mid-21st century could also cause biomass burning activity (forest fires ...
... the atmospheric feedbacks. These experiments do not take into account the feedbacks induced by the interactions between ocean and atmosphere as they were conducted with prescribed sea surface temperatures. Climate change by the mid-21st century could also cause biomass burning activity (forest fires ...
PDF
... subjective expectations of the context scenario and subjective policy expectations are important determinants of individual decision making in a SP framework. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate that decision weight functions are non-linear (quadratic) in subjective scenario expectatio ...
... subjective expectations of the context scenario and subjective policy expectations are important determinants of individual decision making in a SP framework. Furthermore, the results of the study demonstrate that decision weight functions are non-linear (quadratic) in subjective scenario expectatio ...
This is an author version of the contribution published on: Questa è
... very useful in simulating climatic scenarios and monitoring plants, pathogens and plant-pathogen interactions. The results of this study were interpreted in terms of disease incidence, cultivable abundance, enzymatic assays, and variability of fungal profiles by PCR-DGGE. Other studies have shown t ...
... very useful in simulating climatic scenarios and monitoring plants, pathogens and plant-pathogen interactions. The results of this study were interpreted in terms of disease incidence, cultivable abundance, enzymatic assays, and variability of fungal profiles by PCR-DGGE. Other studies have shown t ...
Climate Change, Migration, and Displacement | Greenpeace
... CLIMATE CHANGE, MIGRATION, AND DISPLACEMENT3 ...
... CLIMATE CHANGE, MIGRATION, AND DISPLACEMENT3 ...
Impact of anthropogenic absorbing aerosols on clouds and
... temperature change clearly differs than that by the much more uniformly distributed and long-last greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide, considering among others the planetary vertical and horizontal mixing scale and efficiency, and also adjustment due to long-wave radiative damping from the he ...
... temperature change clearly differs than that by the much more uniformly distributed and long-last greenhouse gasses including carbon dioxide, considering among others the planetary vertical and horizontal mixing scale and efficiency, and also adjustment due to long-wave radiative damping from the he ...
US Climate Engagement - Skoll Global Threats Fund
... • Most resources and efforts are placed towards the economic and health costs of climate change. • In recent years, much of the climate impacts framing has been focused on the economic and health costs around extreme weather. • Relatively few organizations emphasize national security, and those t ...
... • Most resources and efforts are placed towards the economic and health costs of climate change. • In recent years, much of the climate impacts framing has been focused on the economic and health costs around extreme weather. • Relatively few organizations emphasize national security, and those t ...
Climate Change Adaptation for Smallholder Farmers in Southeast Asia
... Climate change, defined as any change in the average daily weather pattern over an extended period of time (typically decades or longer) whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Easterling et al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is already affecting many natural sy ...
... Climate change, defined as any change in the average daily weather pattern over an extended period of time (typically decades or longer) whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity (Easterling et al. 2007, IPCC 2007a), is happening now, and is already affecting many natural sy ...
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in
... precipitation changes; (2) the Mann-Kendall [25,26] test to determine the significance of the temporal trend of precipitation; (3) spatial interpolation of the gridded data for visualization of spatial pattern; (4) Precipitation anomalies by decade expressed as departures from the long-term mean; an ...
... precipitation changes; (2) the Mann-Kendall [25,26] test to determine the significance of the temporal trend of precipitation; (3) spatial interpolation of the gridded data for visualization of spatial pattern; (4) Precipitation anomalies by decade expressed as departures from the long-term mean; an ...
Yukon Climate Change Indicators and Key
... APPENDIX A: INDICATORS IN DETAIL .................................................... 70 ...
... APPENDIX A: INDICATORS IN DETAIL .................................................... 70 ...
Primer on Short-Lived Climate Pollutants
... emissions from black carbon sources that have a high proportion of organic carbon co-emitted pollutants, such as the open burning of biomass, may still reduce warming.52 Finally, recent research indicates that wildfires, previously thought to cause net cooling, may also be causing warming, which cou ...
... emissions from black carbon sources that have a high proportion of organic carbon co-emitted pollutants, such as the open burning of biomass, may still reduce warming.52 Finally, recent research indicates that wildfires, previously thought to cause net cooling, may also be causing warming, which cou ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological
... surface or atmosphere, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere; other approaches have also been proposed. This definition of geoengineering encompasses a wide spectrum of possible actions to counteract (or remedy) global warming and its associated consequences. The commonality of those act ...
... surface or atmosphere, and removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere; other approaches have also been proposed. This definition of geoengineering encompasses a wide spectrum of possible actions to counteract (or remedy) global warming and its associated consequences. The commonality of those act ...
Climate change vulnerability of the US northeast winter recreation
... to varying degrees and over different time horizons. This research literature has two very important limitations. First, climate adaptation by ski area operators has not been adequately assessed (Scott and McBoyle 2006). Only five of the 17 studies that have assessed the potential impact of climate ...
... to varying degrees and over different time horizons. This research literature has two very important limitations. First, climate adaptation by ski area operators has not been adequately assessed (Scott and McBoyle 2006). Only five of the 17 studies that have assessed the potential impact of climate ...
Climate finance additionality - Overseas Development Institute
... target. Of the 23 donor governments recently reported in an OECD database, only 5 have met the target (OECD website, 2010). This definition also needs to be placed in the context of current global fiscal constraints and the Euro crisis in Europe. If overall economies shrink, 0.7% of this year’s GNI ...
... target. Of the 23 donor governments recently reported in an OECD database, only 5 have met the target (OECD website, 2010). This definition also needs to be placed in the context of current global fiscal constraints and the Euro crisis in Europe. If overall economies shrink, 0.7% of this year’s GNI ...
Impacts of climate change on Blue Nile flows using bias
... evapotranspiration due to temperature rise. Based on climate change scenarios from two versions of the Hadley Centre GCM, Arnell (1999) estimated that the increase in evaporative demand would counterbalance the increase in basin rainfall so that runoff would remain virtually unchanged. Results from ...
... evapotranspiration due to temperature rise. Based on climate change scenarios from two versions of the Hadley Centre GCM, Arnell (1999) estimated that the increase in evaporative demand would counterbalance the increase in basin rainfall so that runoff would remain virtually unchanged. Results from ...
IPCC WGI AR5 Chapter Template
... trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] °C per decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase ...
... trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] °C per decade), which begins with a strong El Niño, is smaller than the rate calculated since 1951 (1951–2012; 0.12 [0.08 to 0.14] °C per decade). {1.1.1, Box 1.1} Ocean warming dominates the increase ...
The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... billion annually”. Müller and Hepburn (2006) extrapolated NAPAs to arrive at an adaptation cost estimate of $ 5.4 – 9.2 billion. Although the first-generation studies are mostly based on the same methodology, they resulted in a large range in estimates, with the lowest number at $4 billion and the h ...
... billion annually”. Müller and Hepburn (2006) extrapolated NAPAs to arrive at an adaptation cost estimate of $ 5.4 – 9.2 billion. Although the first-generation studies are mostly based on the same methodology, they resulted in a large range in estimates, with the lowest number at $4 billion and the h ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.