Fear Won`t Do It - Center for Science and Technology Policy Research
... reinsurance difficulties (e.g., Munich Re, 2004). These impacts are often forecast as a smooth, linear progression. However, Lenton et al. (2008) highlight that this may not be the case, illustrating the concept that the Earth’s system may pass “tipping points” in the Earth system. Both mitigation a ...
... reinsurance difficulties (e.g., Munich Re, 2004). These impacts are often forecast as a smooth, linear progression. However, Lenton et al. (2008) highlight that this may not be the case, illustrating the concept that the Earth’s system may pass “tipping points” in the Earth system. Both mitigation a ...
Bacterial Extracellular Enzymatic Activity in Globally Changing
... temperatures, the affinity of enzyme systems decreases [69-70].The activity of protein- and polysaccharide-degrading bacterial extracellular enzymes of arctic isolates and in marine sediments increases with the temperature, showing optima well above the ambient environmental temperatures [71-74]. Th ...
... temperatures, the affinity of enzyme systems decreases [69-70].The activity of protein- and polysaccharide-degrading bacterial extracellular enzymes of arctic isolates and in marine sediments increases with the temperature, showing optima well above the ambient environmental temperatures [71-74]. Th ...
Local Strategies for Addressing Climate Change Vol 2
... Several companies and organizations stepped in to provide services at cost or for free. “We did this on a shoestring,” McCrea says. “It ...
... Several companies and organizations stepped in to provide services at cost or for free. “We did this on a shoestring,” McCrea says. “It ...
full - School of GeoSciences
... Systems) Fleet Improvement Committee (9/96 to 4/99); Member, NSF Advisory Panel on Marine Earth System History (10/97 to 9/99 and also 1990); Member, Ocean History Panel, Ocean Drilling Program (1/95 - 1/97); Chair, American Geophysical Union (AGU) Committee on Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology ...
... Systems) Fleet Improvement Committee (9/96 to 4/99); Member, NSF Advisory Panel on Marine Earth System History (10/97 to 9/99 and also 1990); Member, Ocean History Panel, Ocean Drilling Program (1/95 - 1/97); Chair, American Geophysical Union (AGU) Committee on Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology ...
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change: Concepts, Issues
... Looking at vulnerability from the food security point of view, the FAO publication The State of Food Insecurity in the World (1999), defines vulnerability as “the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished.” Clearly, this definition encompasses causes of ...
... Looking at vulnerability from the food security point of view, the FAO publication The State of Food Insecurity in the World (1999), defines vulnerability as “the presence of factors that place people at risk of becoming food insecure or malnourished.” Clearly, this definition encompasses causes of ...
Communicating climate change: conduits, content
... of the Parties 21) may see a significant increase in media attention. Since 2010, country specific and comparative studies of media coverage have flourished,29 with one international study showing that political advocates for climate policy have been far more visible in media articles than skeptical vo ...
... of the Parties 21) may see a significant increase in media attention. Since 2010, country specific and comparative studies of media coverage have flourished,29 with one international study showing that political advocates for climate policy have been far more visible in media articles than skeptical vo ...
By Harsimranjit Singh Brar (L-2014-A-32-M)
... community in 21st century. Air temperature near the earth surface rose by 0.74° C from 1906 to 2005 and it is estimated to increase as much as 6.4° C on average during the 21st century (Anonymous 2007a). Climate change refers to any change in climate overtime, either due to natural variability or as ...
... community in 21st century. Air temperature near the earth surface rose by 0.74° C from 1906 to 2005 and it is estimated to increase as much as 6.4° C on average during the 21st century (Anonymous 2007a). Climate change refers to any change in climate overtime, either due to natural variability or as ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A Global Concern
... has warmed especially fast (Figure 1.1). Rates of temperature increase have also changed over time. The last 50 years have seen a higher rate of warming than the last 100 years. Mountain areas worldwide – i.e. areas over 1 000 m – have not warmed any more or less than lower-lying land areas over the ...
... has warmed especially fast (Figure 1.1). Rates of temperature increase have also changed over time. The last 50 years have seen a higher rate of warming than the last 100 years. Mountain areas worldwide – i.e. areas over 1 000 m – have not warmed any more or less than lower-lying land areas over the ...
Climate Change and Agrarian Societies in Drylands
... between years in total precipitation and intra-seasonal distribution of precipitation, and there may be substantial differences in precipitation between areas in any one year. ...
... between years in total precipitation and intra-seasonal distribution of precipitation, and there may be substantial differences in precipitation between areas in any one year. ...
Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation Planning
... available; and description of the process to integrate mitigation efforts across agencies and levels of government. Each SHMP must be submitted to, reviewed and approved by FEMA every three years. States can submit plans to FEMA for either a Standard designation or an Enhanced designation that enabl ...
... available; and description of the process to integrate mitigation efforts across agencies and levels of government. Each SHMP must be submitted to, reviewed and approved by FEMA every three years. States can submit plans to FEMA for either a Standard designation or an Enhanced designation that enabl ...
PDF
... level panel for the period of 1950-2005, Schlenker and Roberts (2009) find the nonlinear effects of climate variables on corn and soybean yields. Based on estimated coefficients of climate variables, they predict that a warmer climate would lead to a reduction in crop yields by 30-82% depending on ...
... level panel for the period of 1950-2005, Schlenker and Roberts (2009) find the nonlinear effects of climate variables on corn and soybean yields. Based on estimated coefficients of climate variables, they predict that a warmer climate would lead to a reduction in crop yields by 30-82% depending on ...
Mountains and Climate Change: A global concern - EDA
... has warmed especially fast (Figure 1.1). Rates of temperature increase have also changed over time. The last 50 years have seen a higher rate of warming than the last 100 years. Mountain areas worldwide – i.e. areas over 1 000 m – have not warmed any more or less than lower-lying land areas over the ...
... has warmed especially fast (Figure 1.1). Rates of temperature increase have also changed over time. The last 50 years have seen a higher rate of warming than the last 100 years. Mountain areas worldwide – i.e. areas over 1 000 m – have not warmed any more or less than lower-lying land areas over the ...
NPS Central AK report - Scenarios Network for Alaska + Arctic
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
Snowmaking and Climate Change
... ski area operators as well as manufacturers of snowmaking and skilift technology, making clear that the continuing diffusion process of snowmaking is driven by different factors. There is a complex bundle of driving factors and background variables that influence the diffusion of snowmaking in Austr ...
... ski area operators as well as manufacturers of snowmaking and skilift technology, making clear that the continuing diffusion process of snowmaking is driven by different factors. There is a complex bundle of driving factors and background variables that influence the diffusion of snowmaking in Austr ...
Final report
... radiationandonthesensibleheatflux.ThusitisencounteredintheAlpsathighelevations,where airtemperature(controllingthesensibleheatflux)islow.Permafrostismoreextensiveandoccursat lower altitudes on north facing than on south facing slopes, because of a reduc ...
... radiationandonthesensibleheatflux.ThusitisencounteredintheAlpsathighelevations,where airtemperature(controllingthesensibleheatflux)islow.Permafrostismoreextensiveandoccursat lower altitudes on north facing than on south facing slopes, because of a reduc ...
Estimating natural and anthropogenic responses of the water cycle
... variability. Ultimately, these approaches are applied across dierent models to reduce the risk that a single model lacks a crucial process. When thoroughly validated against observations and reconstructions, these models can be used to project future climate change, based on an expected evolution o ...
... variability. Ultimately, these approaches are applied across dierent models to reduce the risk that a single model lacks a crucial process. When thoroughly validated against observations and reconstructions, these models can be used to project future climate change, based on an expected evolution o ...
The Economic Cost of Climate Change in Africa
... document and analyse the economic costs of climate change in Africa. It also seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of the costs involved for Africa in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Developed countries have so far committed to cutting emissions by, on average, 15 per cent ...
... document and analyse the economic costs of climate change in Africa. It also seeks to contribute to a more detailed understanding of the costs involved for Africa in mitigating and adapting to climate change. Developed countries have so far committed to cutting emissions by, on average, 15 per cent ...
Addressing Climate Change through a Risk Management Lens
... sustained radiative forcing. It is not a projection but is defined as the global average surface warming following a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations. It is likely to be in the range 2°C to 4.5°C with a best estimate of about 3°C, and is very unlikely to be less than 1.5°C. Values substan ...
... sustained radiative forcing. It is not a projection but is defined as the global average surface warming following a doubling of carbon dioxide concentrations. It is likely to be in the range 2°C to 4.5°C with a best estimate of about 3°C, and is very unlikely to be less than 1.5°C. Values substan ...
CLIMATE CHANGE and AGRARIAN SOCIETIES IN
... These papers have been commissioned by the World Bank Group for the "Social Dimensions of Climate Change" workshop and are not meant for citation. Views represented are those of the authors, and do not represent an official position of the World Bank Group or those of the Executive Directors of the ...
... These papers have been commissioned by the World Bank Group for the "Social Dimensions of Climate Change" workshop and are not meant for citation. Views represented are those of the authors, and do not represent an official position of the World Bank Group or those of the Executive Directors of the ...
Co2 calcs 4-11 v - Digging in the Clay
... The climate/weather easily varies at any location by 10-20°C within a single day and by 40-50°C over a year. But the closure of the World’s carbon based economies, eliminating their undoubted benefits to mankind, could only ever result in: a diminution of Man-made CO2 based Greenhouse temperature e ...
... The climate/weather easily varies at any location by 10-20°C within a single day and by 40-50°C over a year. But the closure of the World’s carbon based economies, eliminating their undoubted benefits to mankind, could only ever result in: a diminution of Man-made CO2 based Greenhouse temperature e ...
Terms of Reference for the Climate Support Facility under the GCCA
... change impacts, and to adapt their way of life. Without appropriate measures, climate change is therefore likely to further delay the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in these and many other developing countries. ...
... change impacts, and to adapt their way of life. Without appropriate measures, climate change is therefore likely to further delay the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in these and many other developing countries. ...
Impactsof climate variability and change inthe Pacific Northwest University of Washington
... offset by losses due to increases in evaporation. Loss of moderate-elevation snowpack in response to warmer winter temperatures would have enormous and mostly negative impacts on the region’s water resources, forests, and salmon. Among these impacts are a diminished ability to store water in reservo ...
... offset by losses due to increases in evaporation. Loss of moderate-elevation snowpack in response to warmer winter temperatures would have enormous and mostly negative impacts on the region’s water resources, forests, and salmon. Among these impacts are a diminished ability to store water in reservo ...
Model estimates of climate controls on pan-Arctic
... for which environmental controls have been investigated. Nemani et al. (2003) found that annual net primary productivity (NPP) is limited by temperature and radiation at high latitudes but by moisture-related factors at lower latitudes. Teuling et al. (2009) and Seneviratne et al. (2010) investigate ...
... for which environmental controls have been investigated. Nemani et al. (2003) found that annual net primary productivity (NPP) is limited by temperature and radiation at high latitudes but by moisture-related factors at lower latitudes. Teuling et al. (2009) and Seneviratne et al. (2010) investigate ...
Michael E. Schlesinger, Professor of Atmospheric Sciences
... to the year 2100 for the 1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. Results from increased carbon-dioxide and other simulations by the tropospheric and tropospheric/lower-stratospheric GCMs have been used in many climate-impact assessments, beginning with that for the United State ...
... to the year 2100 for the 1990 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report. Results from increased carbon-dioxide and other simulations by the tropospheric and tropospheric/lower-stratospheric GCMs have been used in many climate-impact assessments, beginning with that for the United State ...
The leading variability mode of the coupled troposphere
... stratosphere and propagate downward to the surface within about 3 weeks. Kitoh et al. [1996] showed that the anomaly patterns of tropospheric circulation related to the variation of the strength of the stratospheric polar-night vortex are similar in observations and their climate model. The positive ...
... stratosphere and propagate downward to the surface within about 3 weeks. Kitoh et al. [1996] showed that the anomaly patterns of tropospheric circulation related to the variation of the strength of the stratospheric polar-night vortex are similar in observations and their climate model. The positive ...
Instrumental temperature record
The instrumental temperature record shows fluctuations of the temperature of earth's climate system. Initially the instrumental temperature record only documented land and sea surface temperature, but in recent decades instruments have also begun recording ocean temperature. Data is collected from thousands of meteorological stations around the globe and through satellite observations. The longest-running temperature record is the Central England temperature data series, that starts in 1659. The longest-running quasi-global record starts in 1850.