Adaptive Thermoregulation in Endotherms May
... and governments and has become a central topic in biological research. Considerable effort is being invested in determining the best methods to measure the current impacts of climate change and model the future effects (Chown et al. 2010). One of the most obvious results of climate change is that en ...
... and governments and has become a central topic in biological research. Considerable effort is being invested in determining the best methods to measure the current impacts of climate change and model the future effects (Chown et al. 2010). One of the most obvious results of climate change is that en ...
Scientific Facts on Arctic Climate Change
... The Arctic influences global climate through three major feedback mechanisms, all of which could be affected by global warming. These mechanisms involve the reflection of sunlight, ocean currents, and greenhouse gas releases. ...
... The Arctic influences global climate through three major feedback mechanisms, all of which could be affected by global warming. These mechanisms involve the reflection of sunlight, ocean currents, and greenhouse gas releases. ...
6. Impacts of climate change on Oregon`s coasts and estuaries
... during the rest of the 21st century in response to global warming that will increase ocean-water temperatures as well as accelerate rates of glacial melting (Bindoff et al., 2007). According to the recent IPCC projections (the fourth assessment report), the total increase in the average global sea l ...
... during the rest of the 21st century in response to global warming that will increase ocean-water temperatures as well as accelerate rates of glacial melting (Bindoff et al., 2007). According to the recent IPCC projections (the fourth assessment report), the total increase in the average global sea l ...
Biological Significance, David Inouye
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
Biological Significance of Phenology
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
... – Molau, U., U. Nordenhäll, et al. (2005). "Onset of flowering and climate variability in an alpine landscape: A 10-year study from Swedish Lapland." American Journal of Botany 92(3): 422-431. – Schwartz, M. D., B. C. Reed, et al. (2002). "Assessing satellitederived start-of-season measures in the c ...
Regional Security Implications of Climate Change A
... the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th assessment report as a baseline. The IPCC outlines average or median trends in climate change and includes only limited potential future adaptation strategies. Even with these average trends, however, the security implications of climate chang ...
... the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th assessment report as a baseline. The IPCC outlines average or median trends in climate change and includes only limited potential future adaptation strategies. Even with these average trends, however, the security implications of climate chang ...
Ensemble modeling, uncertainty and robust predictions
... In studies of future climate change, two types of ensemble are commonly distinguished: perturbed physics and multimodel. Ensembles of both types consist of multiple simulations of future climate under similar forcing conditions. They differ, however, in what is varied among the models used to genera ...
... In studies of future climate change, two types of ensemble are commonly distinguished: perturbed physics and multimodel. Ensembles of both types consist of multiple simulations of future climate under similar forcing conditions. They differ, however, in what is varied among the models used to genera ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... (e.g., via altering the reflectivity of the land surface) or indirectly (e.g., via increasing the CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere) resulted in appreciable negative changes in the RF values. When assessing the impact of natural factors and human activities on climate system, one should a ...
... (e.g., via altering the reflectivity of the land surface) or indirectly (e.g., via increasing the CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere) resulted in appreciable negative changes in the RF values. When assessing the impact of natural factors and human activities on climate system, one should a ...
Global Change – The IGBP Series
... perturbations, whether natural or anthropogenic …” It went on to draw analogies between the Pleistocene fluctuations in climate, and “the beginning of a fossil-fuel CO2-induced super-interglacial period.” I attended that meeting, and was soon perplexed. Few attendees knew anything of the assumed lin ...
... perturbations, whether natural or anthropogenic …” It went on to draw analogies between the Pleistocene fluctuations in climate, and “the beginning of a fossil-fuel CO2-induced super-interglacial period.” I attended that meeting, and was soon perplexed. Few attendees knew anything of the assumed lin ...
Adaptation to climate change starts with human–environment
... systems will be those with critical thresholds that are exceeded at low levels of global warming. As global warming increases, the damage levels to many individual systems will increase and the number of systems at risk will also increase. Adaptation can reduce vulnerability by increasing the coping ...
... systems will be those with critical thresholds that are exceeded at low levels of global warming. As global warming increases, the damage levels to many individual systems will increase and the number of systems at risk will also increase. Adaptation can reduce vulnerability by increasing the coping ...
Marine Science
... Regional differences in primary production are also anticipated. In mid-latitudes the mixed layer depth (MLD) is projected to shoal, which could decrease nutrient supply and ultimately primary production. For example, an intercomparison study of 11 models projected that the ocean’s MLD will change ( ...
... Regional differences in primary production are also anticipated. In mid-latitudes the mixed layer depth (MLD) is projected to shoal, which could decrease nutrient supply and ultimately primary production. For example, an intercomparison study of 11 models projected that the ocean’s MLD will change ( ...
Task 4.2 Calculation of metrics - Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre
... This task started, a draft review is available. However, the review paper (M4.1) was not completed during the reporting period. The paper is more comprehensive than originally intended and will also cover some aspects of Tasks 4.2 and 6.1. It will be ready by the end of 2001. ...
... This task started, a draft review is available. However, the review paper (M4.1) was not completed during the reporting period. The paper is more comprehensive than originally intended and will also cover some aspects of Tasks 4.2 and 6.1. It will be ready by the end of 2001. ...
Climatic Variations and the Market Value of
... accelerate the cycle of evaporation and rainfall over the oceans, which may be a strong indicator of higher potential for extreme weather in the coming decades. Their study implies more droughts and floods could occur as the water cycle may quicken by almost 20% later in this century due to global w ...
... accelerate the cycle of evaporation and rainfall over the oceans, which may be a strong indicator of higher potential for extreme weather in the coming decades. Their study implies more droughts and floods could occur as the water cycle may quicken by almost 20% later in this century due to global w ...
Climate Justice Action Kit for Secondary Schools
... the world’s poorest are bearing the most severe consequences of climatic disruption despite having done the least to cause it. Their voices are often excluded from international climate discussions, fostering a ‘globalisation of indifference’ [52]. “ Climate change is a global problem with grave im ...
... the world’s poorest are bearing the most severe consequences of climatic disruption despite having done the least to cause it. Their voices are often excluded from international climate discussions, fostering a ‘globalisation of indifference’ [52]. “ Climate change is a global problem with grave im ...
Marine Science - Climate
... Regional differences in primary production are also anticipated. In mid-latitudes the mixed layer depth (MLD) is projected to shoal, which could decrease nutrient supply and ultimately primary production. For example, an intercomparison study of 11 models projected that the ocean’s MLD will change ( ...
... Regional differences in primary production are also anticipated. In mid-latitudes the mixed layer depth (MLD) is projected to shoal, which could decrease nutrient supply and ultimately primary production. For example, an intercomparison study of 11 models projected that the ocean’s MLD will change ( ...
Science Communication - Hubert H. Humphrey Fellowship Program
... between 1993 and 2003 disagreed with conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The year after the Boykoff and Boykoff study (2004) was published, the journalism trade publication Nieman Re ...
... between 1993 and 2003 disagreed with conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that human activities have increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The year after the Boykoff and Boykoff study (2004) was published, the journalism trade publication Nieman Re ...
Impact of climate change on soil frost under snow cover in a forested
... 2 or 4°C. In their computations, precipitation also increased slightly during the winter, due to an increase in cloudiness based on the assumptions behind the weather simulator that was used to provide climate scenario data (Strandman et al. 1993, see also Kellomäki & Väisänen 1997). According to Pe ...
... 2 or 4°C. In their computations, precipitation also increased slightly during the winter, due to an increase in cloudiness based on the assumptions behind the weather simulator that was used to provide climate scenario data (Strandman et al. 1993, see also Kellomäki & Väisänen 1997). According to Pe ...
Climate policy under sustainable discounted utilitarianism: Working Paper 42 (830 kB) (opens in new window)
... Asheim and Mitra (2010), time periods correspond to non-overlapping generations assumed to follow each other in sequence. In the empirical analysis of this paper, time periods are shorter, set to ten years (given by the time-step of the DICE model). As long as the discount factor is properly adjuste ...
... Asheim and Mitra (2010), time periods correspond to non-overlapping generations assumed to follow each other in sequence. In the empirical analysis of this paper, time periods are shorter, set to ten years (given by the time-step of the DICE model). As long as the discount factor is properly adjuste ...
A normative account of dangerous climate change
... The central objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) “is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferenc ...
... The central objective of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) “is to achieve, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interferenc ...
Assessing Public Transportation Vulnerability to Sea Level Rise: A Case Study Application
... Scientific research suggests despite the uncertainty with future climate change projections, global warming is unequivocal (U.S. Global Change Research Program ...
... Scientific research suggests despite the uncertainty with future climate change projections, global warming is unequivocal (U.S. Global Change Research Program ...
CARBON NEUTRALITY BY 2020:
... greenhouse gas inventory. In light of the latest scientific research on the issue of global warming and in response to recommendations made by the Sustainability Task Force, The Evergreen State College committed to carbon neutrality by 2020 as specified in the 2006 updated Strategic Plan. Furthermor ...
... greenhouse gas inventory. In light of the latest scientific research on the issue of global warming and in response to recommendations made by the Sustainability Task Force, The Evergreen State College committed to carbon neutrality by 2020 as specified in the 2006 updated Strategic Plan. Furthermor ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.