Vegetation Responses to Rapid Climate Change at the Late
... understood. Cannot be estimated unless there are known environmental or temporal gradients or the underlying latent structure of the data has been recovered. - : diversity among parallel gradients or classes of environmental variables. Product of -diversity of communities and -differentiation ...
... understood. Cannot be estimated unless there are known environmental or temporal gradients or the underlying latent structure of the data has been recovered. - : diversity among parallel gradients or classes of environmental variables. Product of -diversity of communities and -differentiation ...
annual Greenhouse Gas Bulletin
... is larger than the average of the last 10 years, despite evidence that global anthropogenic emissions remained essentially static between 2014 and 2015. According to the most recent data, increased growth rates have persisted far into 2016, consistent with the expected lag between CO2 growth and the ...
... is larger than the average of the last 10 years, despite evidence that global anthropogenic emissions remained essentially static between 2014 and 2015. According to the most recent data, increased growth rates have persisted far into 2016, consistent with the expected lag between CO2 growth and the ...
On Assessing the Relative Roles of Initial and Boundary Conditions
... these we denote GSO1-4. Hence in September 1974, GS1 and GSO1 have exactly the same initial conditions in both the atmosphere and ocean, but have slight changes in radiative forcing which can be thought of as a small perturbation to the atmospheric initial state (as do GS2 and GSO2 etc.). Global mea ...
... these we denote GSO1-4. Hence in September 1974, GS1 and GSO1 have exactly the same initial conditions in both the atmosphere and ocean, but have slight changes in radiative forcing which can be thought of as a small perturbation to the atmospheric initial state (as do GS2 and GSO2 etc.). Global mea ...
Climate Change
... equations are applied to see how much air/heat flows between each pair of cells – This is repeated all around the Earth – The models have improved by making the cells smaller – They are now about 110 km square by 1 km high ...
... equations are applied to see how much air/heat flows between each pair of cells – This is repeated all around the Earth – The models have improved by making the cells smaller – They are now about 110 km square by 1 km high ...
Kate Meyer and David Merry
... these rates, they will have exhausted their share of the remaining carbon budget no later than 2027. The EU is clearly depending on other nations to use less than their remaining carbon budget to make room for the EU emissions. It is unclear which nations they expect to do this, given that no nation ...
... these rates, they will have exhausted their share of the remaining carbon budget no later than 2027. The EU is clearly depending on other nations to use less than their remaining carbon budget to make room for the EU emissions. It is unclear which nations they expect to do this, given that no nation ...
ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATE
... Q: Are the greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change all the same thing? A: No. These terms are often mentioned together in the media. As a result, many people think they are interchangeable, but they are different. When the Sun’s energy reaches Earth’s surface, it is absorbed and conver ...
... Q: Are the greenhouse effect, global warming, and climate change all the same thing? A: No. These terms are often mentioned together in the media. As a result, many people think they are interchangeable, but they are different. When the Sun’s energy reaches Earth’s surface, it is absorbed and conver ...
I. SUMMARY OF THE PETITION - Inuit Circumpolar Council
... change and its impacts undertaken by hundreds of scientists over four years – concluded that: The Arctic is extremely vulnerable to observed and projected climate change and its impacts. The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years ...
... change and its impacts undertaken by hundreds of scientists over four years – concluded that: The Arctic is extremely vulnerable to observed and projected climate change and its impacts. The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years ...
the full ITEP workshop booklet
... than at any time in hundreds of thousands of years. We know that greenhouse gases trap heat. If human activities continue to release greenhouse gases at or above the current rate, we will continue ...
... than at any time in hundreds of thousands of years. We know that greenhouse gases trap heat. If human activities continue to release greenhouse gases at or above the current rate, we will continue ...
Climate change impacts on glacial lakes and glacierized basins in
... trend in annual maximum temperatures from 0.06 to 0.12oC year-1 after 1977 for the middle mountains and Himalayan regions of Nepal. Another study of average annual temperature for 15 stations above 1800 m in Nepal has reported an annual increase of over 0.1oC year-1 for the period 1976–1996. (Rees & ...
... trend in annual maximum temperatures from 0.06 to 0.12oC year-1 after 1977 for the middle mountains and Himalayan regions of Nepal. Another study of average annual temperature for 15 stations above 1800 m in Nepal has reported an annual increase of over 0.1oC year-1 for the period 1976–1996. (Rees & ...
RaysWeather.Com 2016-2017 Winter Fearless Forecast
... (from www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/sst/anomaly/index.html) In contrast, last year at this time, one of the strongest El Niños on record was in progress. The El Niño weakened in late winter and ended abruptly in Spring, 2016. A slow drift toward La Niña commenced during the summer. That trend may ...
... (from www.ospo.noaa.gov/Products/ocean/sst/anomaly/index.html) In contrast, last year at this time, one of the strongest El Niños on record was in progress. The El Niño weakened in late winter and ended abruptly in Spring, 2016. A slow drift toward La Niña commenced during the summer. That trend may ...
FINAL TEXT PAGES - Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
... of the climate system is unequivocal,” and that “most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”9 (where “very likely” signified >90 percent probability that the statem ...
... of the climate system is unequivocal,” and that “most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations”9 (where “very likely” signified >90 percent probability that the statem ...
Simple indices of global climate variability and change: Part I
... There is additional information in the patterns of surface air temperature variations, apart from the global-mean. In this study, we use some other simple indices of surface temperature patterns, including the land–ocean temperature contrast, the meridional temperature gradient, the inter-hemispheri ...
... There is additional information in the patterns of surface air temperature variations, apart from the global-mean. In this study, we use some other simple indices of surface temperature patterns, including the land–ocean temperature contrast, the meridional temperature gradient, the inter-hemispheri ...
Birmingham`s Climate Portfolio
... Climate change is now widely accepted as one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. If climate change is not addressed, it is estimated that the cost to the world’s economy will be greater than the 20th Century world wars and the Great Depression of the 1930’s combined. The Stern Report (20 ...
... Climate change is now widely accepted as one of the greatest challenges of the 21st Century. If climate change is not addressed, it is estimated that the cost to the world’s economy will be greater than the 20th Century world wars and the Great Depression of the 1930’s combined. The Stern Report (20 ...
The Cost of Climate Change: What We`ll Pay if
... The Cost of Climate Change: What We’ll Pay if Global Warming Continues Unchecked ...
... The Cost of Climate Change: What We’ll Pay if Global Warming Continues Unchecked ...
Climate Impacts on the Newport News Shipyard
... statistics. These statistics generally follow the form of the single largest value out of an observed set of values – i.e., the extreme value of the set, such as the highest tide of the month or year. ...
... statistics. These statistics generally follow the form of the single largest value out of an observed set of values – i.e., the extreme value of the set, such as the highest tide of the month or year. ...
Level 1: Foundational Understanding – concrete knowledge
... it provides the most definitive scientific statement about global climate change c) it concludes that human-produced pollutants have caused minimal climate warming d) it contains input and review from climate experts e) none of these, all are true Ans: c Difficulty: Easy Response: Introduction to Cl ...
... it provides the most definitive scientific statement about global climate change c) it concludes that human-produced pollutants have caused minimal climate warming d) it contains input and review from climate experts e) none of these, all are true Ans: c Difficulty: Easy Response: Introduction to Cl ...
Climate Change Impacts in Indonesia
... Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation and a significant emitter of greenhouse gases due to deforestation and land-use change (WRI, 2005). Indonesia consists of nearly two million square km of land, most of which is covered by forests. However, deforestation and land-use change is estimated at ...
... Indonesia is the fourth most populous nation and a significant emitter of greenhouse gases due to deforestation and land-use change (WRI, 2005). Indonesia consists of nearly two million square km of land, most of which is covered by forests. However, deforestation and land-use change is estimated at ...
National contributions to observed global warming
... nitrous oxide, as well as the difficulty in translating those emissions into national contributions to global temperature increases. This body of literature reveals several remaining challenges associated with attributing historical warming to individual countries: (1) regional data on historical em ...
... nitrous oxide, as well as the difficulty in translating those emissions into national contributions to global temperature increases. This body of literature reveals several remaining challenges associated with attributing historical warming to individual countries: (1) regional data on historical em ...
Ocean Currents and Climate - History Programs
... results differed, the differences could be attributed to equipment malfunctioning.” The inevitable consequence, he remarked, was “a climatology steady in time.”3 The classic picture of steady-state circulation was laid out in Harald Sverdrup’s definitive textbook of 1942, drawing on the pathbreaking ...
... results differed, the differences could be attributed to equipment malfunctioning.” The inevitable consequence, he remarked, was “a climatology steady in time.”3 The classic picture of steady-state circulation was laid out in Harald Sverdrup’s definitive textbook of 1942, drawing on the pathbreaking ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.