Adapting to Climate Change
... – Look for examples of where other communities are integrating climate information into planning as a means for demonstrating the “doability” of the task • Change the authorizing environment – Change best practices, policies, rules, and regulations to incorporate climate change. • Where possible, ad ...
... – Look for examples of where other communities are integrating climate information into planning as a means for demonstrating the “doability” of the task • Change the authorizing environment – Change best practices, policies, rules, and regulations to incorporate climate change. • Where possible, ad ...
EE 1202 Lecture #4, Technology and the World
... – Aerosols: Aerosols (particles) block sunlight and cause short-term cooling. They do not produce long-term change due to short duration in the air. – According to the US Geological Survey, the eruption of the Tambora Volcano in Indonesia in 1815 lowered global temperatures by as much as 5ºF and led ...
... – Aerosols: Aerosols (particles) block sunlight and cause short-term cooling. They do not produce long-term change due to short duration in the air. – According to the US Geological Survey, the eruption of the Tambora Volcano in Indonesia in 1815 lowered global temperatures by as much as 5ºF and led ...
Special Report on Emission Scenario’s
... [2] The median and the 10th and 90th percentile range of the analyzed data are given. [3] The calculation of the reduction of the annual growth rate is based on the average reduction during the period till 2030 that would result in the indicated GDP decrease in 2030. [4] The number of studies that r ...
... [2] The median and the 10th and 90th percentile range of the analyzed data are given. [3] The calculation of the reduction of the annual growth rate is based on the average reduction during the period till 2030 that would result in the indicated GDP decrease in 2030. [4] The number of studies that r ...
Contrasting responses of heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration
... et al., 2009; Gomez-Casanovas et al., 2012), increase of Rs does not necessarily mean a concurrent positive response of Rh; while neutral or even negative responses of Rs may involve increase of Rh. A positive feedback of soil C cycle to climate warming may be triggered if (i) Rh increases without c ...
... et al., 2009; Gomez-Casanovas et al., 2012), increase of Rs does not necessarily mean a concurrent positive response of Rh; while neutral or even negative responses of Rs may involve increase of Rh. A positive feedback of soil C cycle to climate warming may be triggered if (i) Rh increases without c ...
Chapter 3: Climate Change
... Responding effectively to climate change is both urgent and long term. It is urgent in that our actions and responses in the next 5–15 years may effectively lock in large-scale and irreversible planetary changes over this and subsequent centuries. The December 2015 Paris Agreement sets the internati ...
... Responding effectively to climate change is both urgent and long term. It is urgent in that our actions and responses in the next 5–15 years may effectively lock in large-scale and irreversible planetary changes over this and subsequent centuries. The December 2015 Paris Agreement sets the internati ...
Will we ever be able to attribute individual weather events to
... P(y)=Distribution of possible climates P(ŷ)=Distribution of observable variables P(x)=Distribution of models in an ensemble P(ŷ|x)=Likelihood of observables given model x P(x|ŷ)=Density of ensemble in space of observables Problem 1: P(x) is arbitrary, since the space of “all ...
... P(y)=Distribution of possible climates P(ŷ)=Distribution of observable variables P(x)=Distribution of models in an ensemble P(ŷ|x)=Likelihood of observables given model x P(x|ŷ)=Density of ensemble in space of observables Problem 1: P(x) is arbitrary, since the space of “all ...
Perception of Climate Change
... We begin by attempting to replicate the Hansen et al.[2012] analysis of changing means and variance shown in Figure 4 of their paper. We use GHCN version 3.1 quality controlled adjusted mean temperature ...
... We begin by attempting to replicate the Hansen et al.[2012] analysis of changing means and variance shown in Figure 4 of their paper. We use GHCN version 3.1 quality controlled adjusted mean temperature ...
Extreme Weather and Climate Change
... from natural disasters as a whole, however, and the results are quite different. Data from Munich Re, one of the world’s largest re-insurance firms, show that direct economic losses (in 1992 U.S. dollars) from natural disasters worldwide increased by a factor of 43 between the last half of the 1960s ...
... from natural disasters as a whole, however, and the results are quite different. Data from Munich Re, one of the world’s largest re-insurance firms, show that direct economic losses (in 1992 U.S. dollars) from natural disasters worldwide increased by a factor of 43 between the last half of the 1960s ...
Safe climate memes - Green Innovations
... rapidly restore a ‘safe climate’. If these propositions are accepted and acted on energetically, it is my expectation that an effective safe climate program can be developed. The relationship between the top level memes is indicated in the diagram at the end of the document. These memes will be powe ...
... rapidly restore a ‘safe climate’. If these propositions are accepted and acted on energetically, it is my expectation that an effective safe climate program can be developed. The relationship between the top level memes is indicated in the diagram at the end of the document. These memes will be powe ...
Bending the Curve - University of California
... shortages, are creating the beginning of what soon will be a global public health crisis. A whole new navigable ocean is opening in the Arctic. Sea levels are rising, causing major damage in the world’s most populous cities. All this has resulted from warming the planet by only about 0.9 degrees Cel ...
... shortages, are creating the beginning of what soon will be a global public health crisis. A whole new navigable ocean is opening in the Arctic. Sea levels are rising, causing major damage in the world’s most populous cities. All this has resulted from warming the planet by only about 0.9 degrees Cel ...
Chapter 20 Next Generation Sunshine State Standards
... Over the past 100 years, many climate-classification systems have been devised. It should be remembered that the classification of climates (or of anything else) is not a natural phenomenon but the product of human ingenuity. The value of any particular classification is determined largely by its in ...
... Over the past 100 years, many climate-classification systems have been devised. It should be remembered that the classification of climates (or of anything else) is not a natural phenomenon but the product of human ingenuity. The value of any particular classification is determined largely by its in ...
Climate change - ACT Government
... how environmental decision-making often involves dealing with conflicting values and interests of different individuals or groups (e.g. preservation of wilderness, development of non-renewable and renewable resources) how peoples’ views on the environment influence government policy and non gove ...
... how environmental decision-making often involves dealing with conflicting values and interests of different individuals or groups (e.g. preservation of wilderness, development of non-renewable and renewable resources) how peoples’ views on the environment influence government policy and non gove ...
NEC Standard Presentation Format
... Climate is one of the four strategic themes within NOAA. “Understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s ability to plan and respond” Climate Services (NAS): The timely production and delivery of useful climate data, information, and knowledge to decision makers. ...
... Climate is one of the four strategic themes within NOAA. “Understand climate variability and change to enhance society’s ability to plan and respond” Climate Services (NAS): The timely production and delivery of useful climate data, information, and knowledge to decision makers. ...
Module β1
... Carbon Cycle Carbon is exchanged between sources and sinks ◦ Rates not known with absolute certainty ◦ Factors can affect sink rates, such as ocean currents for dissolution ◦ Higher CO2 concentrations could have effects on rates, such as uptake by plants ...
... Carbon Cycle Carbon is exchanged between sources and sinks ◦ Rates not known with absolute certainty ◦ Factors can affect sink rates, such as ocean currents for dissolution ◦ Higher CO2 concentrations could have effects on rates, such as uptake by plants ...
Eurasian Arctic greening reveals teleconnections and the potential
... and Kara seas ice area reflected a similar pattern, with a strong effect of sea ice on adjacent land in spring followed by no effect during the summer months (Fig. 2b). Tall shrub growth was highly correlated to July NDVI (P < 0.01, r 2 ranging regionally from 0.4 to 0.75; Fig. 3 and Supplementary F ...
... and Kara seas ice area reflected a similar pattern, with a strong effect of sea ice on adjacent land in spring followed by no effect during the summer months (Fig. 2b). Tall shrub growth was highly correlated to July NDVI (P < 0.01, r 2 ranging regionally from 0.4 to 0.75; Fig. 3 and Supplementary F ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.