2. Climate Change
... valley, or ria, inundated by a sea level rise of 120 metres that took place from the end of last Ice Age 18,000 years ago to about 4,000 B.C. Whilst we do not expect changes of that magnitude to take place in the coming century as a consequence of human-induced climate change caused by greenhouse ga ...
... valley, or ria, inundated by a sea level rise of 120 metres that took place from the end of last Ice Age 18,000 years ago to about 4,000 B.C. Whilst we do not expect changes of that magnitude to take place in the coming century as a consequence of human-induced climate change caused by greenhouse ga ...
4. The response of the climate system to a
... amplitudes of the three cycles. Figure from Claus Fröhlich, available at http://www.pmodwrc.ch/pmod.php?topic=tsi/composite/SolarConstant. ...
... amplitudes of the three cycles. Figure from Claus Fröhlich, available at http://www.pmodwrc.ch/pmod.php?topic=tsi/composite/SolarConstant. ...
The legacy of climategate
... a University of East Anglia server and posted to the internet; within 24 h an international scandal was born—alleging fraud by leading climate scientists—which almost immediately became known as climategate. Multiple investigations concluded that no fraud or scientific misconduct had occurred. Despi ...
... a University of East Anglia server and posted to the internet; within 24 h an international scandal was born—alleging fraud by leading climate scientists—which almost immediately became known as climategate. Multiple investigations concluded that no fraud or scientific misconduct had occurred. Despi ...
Climate Change Policy: What Do the Models Tell Us?†
... (or care) that their policy decisions reflect the values of voters. As a policy parameter, the rate of time preference might be positive, zero, or even negative.10 The problem is that if we can’t pin down δ, an IAM can’t tell us much; any given IAM will give a wide range of values for the SCC, depen ...
... (or care) that their policy decisions reflect the values of voters. As a policy parameter, the rate of time preference might be positive, zero, or even negative.10 The problem is that if we can’t pin down δ, an IAM can’t tell us much; any given IAM will give a wide range of values for the SCC, depen ...
... with climate projections for assessing the implications of CC to water resources. In GCMs, some climate data is well represented while some outputs (e.g. precipitation) are often not well produced in both magnitude and timing [31]. Hence, bias correction approaches [25] are useful to remove bias bet ...
Multimodel projections and uncertainties of irrigation water demand
... seven global hydrological models (GHMs) to quantify the impact of projected global climate change on IWD on currently irrigated areas by the end of this century, and to assess the resulting uncertainties arising from both the GHMs and climate projections. The resulting ensemble projections generally ...
... seven global hydrological models (GHMs) to quantify the impact of projected global climate change on IWD on currently irrigated areas by the end of this century, and to assess the resulting uncertainties arising from both the GHMs and climate projections. The resulting ensemble projections generally ...
Understanding and Applying the Science
... • From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic forcing due to greenhouse gases, aerosols and land surface changes, it is extremely likely (> 95% probability) that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. ...
... • From new estimates of the combined anthropogenic forcing due to greenhouse gases, aerosols and land surface changes, it is extremely likely (> 95% probability) that human activities have exerted a substantial net warming influence on climate since 1750. ...
medieval warm period in south america
... The nine researchers then hypothesized that "these centennial-scale climate anomalies were at least partially driven by temperature changes in the Northern Hemisphere and in particular over the North Atlantic, leading to a latitudinal displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and a change i ...
... The nine researchers then hypothesized that "these centennial-scale climate anomalies were at least partially driven by temperature changes in the Northern Hemisphere and in particular over the North Atlantic, leading to a latitudinal displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and a change i ...
2016: global heat record broken again
... temperature is estimated to be nearly 1.1°C above the pre-industrial baseline (UK Met Office 2017). The Paris Agreement commits countries to doing everything possible to limiting global temperature rise to less than 1.5°C above pre-industrial temperatures. 2016 was the 40th consecutive year with an ...
... temperature is estimated to be nearly 1.1°C above the pre-industrial baseline (UK Met Office 2017). The Paris Agreement commits countries to doing everything possible to limiting global temperature rise to less than 1.5°C above pre-industrial temperatures. 2016 was the 40th consecutive year with an ...
Internally and Externally Caused Climate Change
... was simulated by reducing the solar constant by an amount proportional to the dust veil index (DVI), calibrated by assuming the Agung dust (DVI= 160) produced a 0.5% decrease in Q, following Schneider and Mass (1975). In both cases, the non-volcanic Q was set to 1357.3 at the beginning of the run to ...
... was simulated by reducing the solar constant by an amount proportional to the dust veil index (DVI), calibrated by assuming the Agung dust (DVI= 160) produced a 0.5% decrease in Q, following Schneider and Mass (1975). In both cases, the non-volcanic Q was set to 1357.3 at the beginning of the run to ...
Future Climate: Projected Average
... Southwest and is closely related to Chapter 7, which is concerned with the implications of climate change on shorter period phenomena, especially extreme events. The projections derive from the outcomes of several global climate models, and associated “downscaled” regional climate simulations, using ...
... Southwest and is closely related to Chapter 7, which is concerned with the implications of climate change on shorter period phenomena, especially extreme events. The projections derive from the outcomes of several global climate models, and associated “downscaled” regional climate simulations, using ...
CombinedFacultyMeeting - Department of Geological
... with lead times of two weeks to multi-decadal for use in decision-making. A major component of the nation’s food supply and renewable fuel supply is vulnerable to both natural cycles of climate and changes due to increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases. Failure to anticipate major floods and droug ...
... with lead times of two weeks to multi-decadal for use in decision-making. A major component of the nation’s food supply and renewable fuel supply is vulnerable to both natural cycles of climate and changes due to increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases. Failure to anticipate major floods and droug ...
Climate change: the global public good
... the period 1990-2100 depict a globally averaged surface temperature increase by the end of the period of 1.4° to 5.8° C (IPCC, 2001 (a): 13). Even another important expert assessment of climate change, the U.S. National Research Council response to the White House, points out in the Summary that air ...
... the period 1990-2100 depict a globally averaged surface temperature increase by the end of the period of 1.4° to 5.8° C (IPCC, 2001 (a): 13). Even another important expert assessment of climate change, the U.S. National Research Council response to the White House, points out in the Summary that air ...
ISEES_GrandChallengeQuestions
... and global ecology. Individually, we measure metabolism as individual biogeochemical cycles or fluxes, but knowing how the parts fit together remains a grand challenge (Falkowski et al. 2000). We currently have tools to monitor this metabolism, ranging from satellites to flux networks (Running et al ...
... and global ecology. Individually, we measure metabolism as individual biogeochemical cycles or fluxes, but knowing how the parts fit together remains a grand challenge (Falkowski et al. 2000). We currently have tools to monitor this metabolism, ranging from satellites to flux networks (Running et al ...
Plant size and leaf area influence phenological and reproductive
... are likely to differ from those observed in temperate ecosystems. In water-limited environments, warming could advance flowering, but may decrease both the number of flowers/fruits and seed mass (Liancourt et al., 2012) due to reductions in soil moisture (Luo et al., 2001; Peñuelas et al., 2004). Des ...
... are likely to differ from those observed in temperate ecosystems. In water-limited environments, warming could advance flowering, but may decrease both the number of flowers/fruits and seed mass (Liancourt et al., 2012) due to reductions in soil moisture (Luo et al., 2001; Peñuelas et al., 2004). Des ...
Slide 1 - climateknowledge.org
... Plus, I have read that in the past the temperature increase started before the carbon dioxide increase. • But professor, I want to go back to that figure. I spent a lot of time looking at it. It’s pretty clear that an ice age is on the way. The climate is clearly periodic, and there is nothing we ca ...
... Plus, I have read that in the past the temperature increase started before the carbon dioxide increase. • But professor, I want to go back to that figure. I spent a lot of time looking at it. It’s pretty clear that an ice age is on the way. The climate is clearly periodic, and there is nothing we ca ...
anthropogenic climate change: a reason for
... and the United States. The result would be colder, more stormy weather throughout North America and enormous losses to the American economy in agriculture, work days and storm damage.’ (Ponte 1976: 169–170). Concern about the development of climate weapons led to a series of diplomatic discussions. ...
... and the United States. The result would be colder, more stormy weather throughout North America and enormous losses to the American economy in agriculture, work days and storm damage.’ (Ponte 1976: 169–170). Concern about the development of climate weapons led to a series of diplomatic discussions. ...
Climate Change and Conflict Scenarios
... References The papers from the conference of Human Security and Climate Change can be found on its website at www.cicero.uio.no/humsec. Particularly relevant papers are the ones by Barnett & Adger; Hendrix & Glaser; Levy et al.; Meier & Bond; Niasse; Nordås & Gleditsch; Obioha; Patnaik & Narayanan; ...
... References The papers from the conference of Human Security and Climate Change can be found on its website at www.cicero.uio.no/humsec. Particularly relevant papers are the ones by Barnett & Adger; Hendrix & Glaser; Levy et al.; Meier & Bond; Niasse; Nordås & Gleditsch; Obioha; Patnaik & Narayanan; ...
Climate change in size-structured ecosystems
... functioning of ecological communities over the next several decades. Specific changes will include shifts in the means and variability of ecologically important factors, including temperature, precipitation, irradiance and wind. While all of these aspects of climate change are likely to have profoun ...
... functioning of ecological communities over the next several decades. Specific changes will include shifts in the means and variability of ecologically important factors, including temperature, precipitation, irradiance and wind. While all of these aspects of climate change are likely to have profoun ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.