Costs of Climate Change in Developed Countries
... line represents the average across different scenario runs developed by the IPCC, while the blue lines show the full range. Yield changes were based on monthly temperature and rainfall data from the Hadley Centre climate model. Using other climate models produces a greater increase in yield at low l ...
... line represents the average across different scenario runs developed by the IPCC, while the blue lines show the full range. Yield changes were based on monthly temperature and rainfall data from the Hadley Centre climate model. Using other climate models produces a greater increase in yield at low l ...
Uncertainty in the impacts of projected climate change on the
... global attempt to improve quantification of impacts and uncertainty associated with different rates and degrees of climate change on freshwater (and other) resources in a consistent way. Using specific climate scenarios, a unified climate change impact assessment was conducted on a number of river s ...
... global attempt to improve quantification of impacts and uncertainty associated with different rates and degrees of climate change on freshwater (and other) resources in a consistent way. Using specific climate scenarios, a unified climate change impact assessment was conducted on a number of river s ...
1. Introduction
... the analysis ought to look over many decades, perhaps out to 2100. This is because climate change impacts become easier to detect or differentiate from current climate variation in the long run. If there is more interest in current vulnerability or adaptation strategies, then the analysis should foc ...
... the analysis ought to look over many decades, perhaps out to 2100. This is because climate change impacts become easier to detect or differentiate from current climate variation in the long run. If there is more interest in current vulnerability or adaptation strategies, then the analysis should foc ...
97% Consensus? No! Global Warming Math
... consensus on human-caused global warming as claimed in these studies. None of these studies indicate any agreement with a catastrophic view of human-caused global warming. Further, global warming stopped 16 years ago. The global average temperature rise during the 20th century of 0.75 °C was largely ...
... consensus on human-caused global warming as claimed in these studies. None of these studies indicate any agreement with a catastrophic view of human-caused global warming. Further, global warming stopped 16 years ago. The global average temperature rise during the 20th century of 0.75 °C was largely ...
The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems
... proximate ecological responses to climate change depend upon the relationships between the abiotic environment, organismal-level processes, population dynamics and community structure. The direct effects of climate change (Fig. 3, yellow boxes) impact the performance of individuals at various stages ...
... proximate ecological responses to climate change depend upon the relationships between the abiotic environment, organismal-level processes, population dynamics and community structure. The direct effects of climate change (Fig. 3, yellow boxes) impact the performance of individuals at various stages ...
AAAS_What We Know
... has been worse over the past several years. Not surprisingly, then, the gap between what we know as scientists (that global warming impacts are here and now) and what Americans perceive is narrowing: about six in 10 Americans already say, “global warming is affecting weather in the U.S.”ix ...
... has been worse over the past several years. Not surprisingly, then, the gap between what we know as scientists (that global warming impacts are here and now) and what Americans perceive is narrowing: about six in 10 Americans already say, “global warming is affecting weather in the U.S.”ix ...
A Mathematical Analysis of Heat Transfer in an Earth
... has published four climate assessment reports to estimate the various impacts of changing climate conditions. The most recent report, of 2007, predicted an average three-degree warming for doubled CO2 levels (an increase from about 380 to 760 ppm) with a range from 1.5-6°C. It was also reported that ...
... has published four climate assessment reports to estimate the various impacts of changing climate conditions. The most recent report, of 2007, predicted an average three-degree warming for doubled CO2 levels (an increase from about 380 to 760 ppm) with a range from 1.5-6°C. It was also reported that ...
Making climate hot - Center for Science and Technology Policy
... emissions reduction scenarios. Instantly stabilizing annual emissions at 2000 levels (red line) would still result in steep increases in atmospheric carbon concentrations and global average temperatures rising for hundreds of years. On the other hand, radical reductions in annual emissions over the ...
... emissions reduction scenarios. Instantly stabilizing annual emissions at 2000 levels (red line) would still result in steep increases in atmospheric carbon concentrations and global average temperatures rising for hundreds of years. On the other hand, radical reductions in annual emissions over the ...
An Introduction to CCSM http://www.ccsm.ucar.edu
... – Realistic estimates of ocean heat uptake Effects of ocean on transient climate response – Realism of ocean mixed layer and ventilation Ocean uptake of CO2 and passive tracers (CFCs) ...
... – Realistic estimates of ocean heat uptake Effects of ocean on transient climate response – Realism of ocean mixed layer and ventilation Ocean uptake of CO2 and passive tracers (CFCs) ...
diseases - Pesticide Action Network
... on the development “strategy” of an insect species, temperature can exert different effects (Bale et al 2002). Some insects take several years to complete one life cycle – these insects (cicadas, arctic moths) will tend to moderate temperature variability over the course of their life history. Some ...
... on the development “strategy” of an insect species, temperature can exert different effects (Bale et al 2002). Some insects take several years to complete one life cycle – these insects (cicadas, arctic moths) will tend to moderate temperature variability over the course of their life history. Some ...
Development of new parametrisations and sub - HiGEM
... future climate change. 1. Scientific and Technical Rationale Complex fluid flows in the atmosphere and oceans are a fundamental feature of the Earth system. They transport energy, momentum, and material substances within and between system components. They occur over a wide range of spatial scales, ...
... future climate change. 1. Scientific and Technical Rationale Complex fluid flows in the atmosphere and oceans are a fundamental feature of the Earth system. They transport energy, momentum, and material substances within and between system components. They occur over a wide range of spatial scales, ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... core bubbles currently spans 800,000 years.3 The numbers in this unparalleled 800,000- year record of greenhouse gas (GHG) levels are among the very best data that exist in the science of paleoclimate. Almost all other data (including past temperatures) are inferred indirectly from proxy variables, ...
... core bubbles currently spans 800,000 years.3 The numbers in this unparalleled 800,000- year record of greenhouse gas (GHG) levels are among the very best data that exist in the science of paleoclimate. Almost all other data (including past temperatures) are inferred indirectly from proxy variables, ...
Late Cenozoic uplift of mountain ranges and global climate change
... Cenozoic time exceeded those for the rest of that era40 , with a four- to fivefold increase 41 in the rate of terrigenous deposition since 5 Myr. Like Donnell/ 2, we suspect that the rapid increase in sediment accumulation throughout the world is a consequence of climate change. The deposition rate ...
... Cenozoic time exceeded those for the rest of that era40 , with a four- to fivefold increase 41 in the rate of terrigenous deposition since 5 Myr. Like Donnell/ 2, we suspect that the rapid increase in sediment accumulation throughout the world is a consequence of climate change. The deposition rate ...
PowerPoint Presentation - The Evergreen State College
... Fire and Water, Fall 2006 Over geologic time the Earth has experienced wide fluctuations in climate, such as ice ages. Earth is currently experiencing a rapid warming trend. A major factor determining global climate is the intensity of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth. However, climate changes c ...
... Fire and Water, Fall 2006 Over geologic time the Earth has experienced wide fluctuations in climate, such as ice ages. Earth is currently experiencing a rapid warming trend. A major factor determining global climate is the intensity of the Sun's energy reaching the Earth. However, climate changes c ...
When It Rains, It Pours: Future Climate Extremes and Health
... both the global mean hurricane maximum wind speed and rainfall rates.22 Sea-level rise. Sea surface warming also causes a rise in sea level due to thermal expansion of salt water; the melting of small glaciers also causes sea levels to rise. One expected effect is an increase in flooding and coastal ...
... both the global mean hurricane maximum wind speed and rainfall rates.22 Sea-level rise. Sea surface warming also causes a rise in sea level due to thermal expansion of salt water; the melting of small glaciers also causes sea levels to rise. One expected effect is an increase in flooding and coastal ...
National Climate Change Policy 2011
... region experienced the highest level of North Atlantic hurricane activity. NOAA however attributes this increased activity to natural occurring cycles in tropical climate patterns near the equator. These cycles, called “the tropical multi-decadal signal,” typically last several decades (20 to 30 yea ...
... region experienced the highest level of North Atlantic hurricane activity. NOAA however attributes this increased activity to natural occurring cycles in tropical climate patterns near the equator. These cycles, called “the tropical multi-decadal signal,” typically last several decades (20 to 30 yea ...
Forecasting the End of Climate Change Litigation: Why Expert
... of the fact that previous litigation in this area has been easily disposed of under federal law. Part III defines and explains the scientific models that may have been used in those cases and models that could be used in future similar cases. It first describes the makeup and function of a scientif ...
... of the fact that previous litigation in this area has been easily disposed of under federal law. Part III defines and explains the scientific models that may have been used in those cases and models that could be used in future similar cases. It first describes the makeup and function of a scientif ...
an inconvenient burden of proof? co2 nuisance plaintiffs will face
... very limited and rudimentary understanding of the climate science underpinning the AGW theory. The public’s understanding of AGW comes largely from Al Gore’s movie, “An Inconvenient Truth,”11 and the media; television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet. The former was intended as a call ...
... very limited and rudimentary understanding of the climate science underpinning the AGW theory. The public’s understanding of AGW comes largely from Al Gore’s movie, “An Inconvenient Truth,”11 and the media; television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the internet. The former was intended as a call ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.