Responding to the Risks Posed by Climate Change: Cities Have No
... rate than ever before, in spite of the voluntary emission reduction efforts adopted in a number of countries. Even if we achieve the very ambitious goal of holding greenhouse gas emissions to 450 ...
... rate than ever before, in spite of the voluntary emission reduction efforts adopted in a number of countries. Even if we achieve the very ambitious goal of holding greenhouse gas emissions to 450 ...
besugo NAO-authors - Instituto Español de Oceanografía
... Fisheries are an important source of food and income for many local communities, and their value as a source of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 8 ...
... Fisheries are an important source of food and income for many local communities, and their value as a source of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 8 ...
Plants & Ecology Phenology and climate Tenna Toftegaard
... documented that the climate is changing due to human influence, largely due to the emission of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 (IPCC 2007). One of the key climatic changes that we see is an increase in global average temperature. Since 1990, when the IPCC published their first report on climate change ...
... documented that the climate is changing due to human influence, largely due to the emission of greenhouse gasses such as CO2 (IPCC 2007). One of the key climatic changes that we see is an increase in global average temperature. Since 1990, when the IPCC published their first report on climate change ...
Probability in the attribution and prediction of climate change
... We can also estimate the effort required to hit a given temperature target. Sometimes, admission of ignorance is the most policy-relevant option of all. ...
... We can also estimate the effort required to hit a given temperature target. Sometimes, admission of ignorance is the most policy-relevant option of all. ...
Climate Change Impact and Forced Migration
... throughout the literature. These are such as ecological and environmental refugees, climate refugees, climate change migrants, environmentally-induced forced migrants etc. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) termed these future migrants as ‘environmental refugees’-people who have been forc ...
... throughout the literature. These are such as ecological and environmental refugees, climate refugees, climate change migrants, environmentally-induced forced migrants etc. The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) termed these future migrants as ‘environmental refugees’-people who have been forc ...
Impact of Climate Change on Wheat Production
... emissions. Globally, 13.5% of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions are contributed from agriculture (Karl et al., 2009). Temperature The IPCC SRES projections estimate that global temperatures are expected to warm 3 to 7° F over the next century. From the 1970’s to present day, all decades hav ...
... emissions. Globally, 13.5% of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions are contributed from agriculture (Karl et al., 2009). Temperature The IPCC SRES projections estimate that global temperatures are expected to warm 3 to 7° F over the next century. From the 1970’s to present day, all decades hav ...
Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies / Geo
... 9. According to the USGCRP’s listing of Key Findings, coastal areas are at increasing risk from sealevel rise and storm surge, especially along the [Atlantic and Gulf Coasts) (Pacific Islands) (parts of Alaska)( all of these)]. On 28 March 2012, the IPCC published a detailed report on Managing the R ...
... 9. According to the USGCRP’s listing of Key Findings, coastal areas are at increasing risk from sealevel rise and storm surge, especially along the [Atlantic and Gulf Coasts) (Pacific Islands) (parts of Alaska)( all of these)]. On 28 March 2012, the IPCC published a detailed report on Managing the R ...
Lecture on climate model 1
... increasing it will reduce the natural contributions as cyclic changes (solar 11 yr cycle) and vulcanic eruptions. • Note that the determination of the radiative forcings can only be done with the help of models. It is impossible to vary the factors ...
... increasing it will reduce the natural contributions as cyclic changes (solar 11 yr cycle) and vulcanic eruptions. • Note that the determination of the radiative forcings can only be done with the help of models. It is impossible to vary the factors ...
Glossary of Terms and Definitions on Climate Change and Adaptation
... The climate system can be represented by models of varying complexity (differing in such aspects as the number of spatial dimensions, the extent to which physical, chemical, or biological processes are represented etc.). Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide a comprehe ...
... The climate system can be represented by models of varying complexity (differing in such aspects as the number of spatial dimensions, the extent to which physical, chemical, or biological processes are represented etc.). Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs) provide a comprehe ...
Projection of Effects of Climate Change on Rice Yield and Keys to
... should affect crop productivity. A number of experiments and simulations have been conducted to predict the impacts of climate change on rice yield. When conducting large-scale evaluation of rice yield, there are large uncertainties, which resulted from a number of sources, such as those in the gree ...
... should affect crop productivity. A number of experiments and simulations have been conducted to predict the impacts of climate change on rice yield. When conducting large-scale evaluation of rice yield, there are large uncertainties, which resulted from a number of sources, such as those in the gree ...
Global climate change and non
... knowledge is supported by 4 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments (IPCC 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007), NAS reports (e.g. NAS 2005, 2009, 2010), and more recent scientific studies concluding that there is an urgency to reduce GHG emissions by up to 40% by 2020, compared to 1990 or 20 ...
... knowledge is supported by 4 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments (IPCC 1990, 1995, 2001, 2007), NAS reports (e.g. NAS 2005, 2009, 2010), and more recent scientific studies concluding that there is an urgency to reduce GHG emissions by up to 40% by 2020, compared to 1990 or 20 ...
resPoNse oF alPINe PlaNt CoMMUNItY to sIMUlateD ClIMate
... of studies involving the tundra have implications in other terrestrial ecosystems (Br uelheide 2003). Results from previous studies vary depending on the research sites or simulative methods, so that the direction and amplitude of plant response at individual, community, and ecosystem levels in the ...
... of studies involving the tundra have implications in other terrestrial ecosystems (Br uelheide 2003). Results from previous studies vary depending on the research sites or simulative methods, so that the direction and amplitude of plant response at individual, community, and ecosystem levels in the ...
About the Guide - American Chemical Society
... 1. According to the article how much has the Earth’s average surface temperature increased in the last century? 2. The article mentions an 8 inch rise in sea level since 1870. What two climate change factors caused the sea level increase? 3. Why is 1870 an important time period in any discussion of ...
... 1. According to the article how much has the Earth’s average surface temperature increased in the last century? 2. The article mentions an 8 inch rise in sea level since 1870. What two climate change factors caused the sea level increase? 3. Why is 1870 an important time period in any discussion of ...
K1400635
... transport goods, and natural resources that provide the raw materials for all these services. However, the activities of the 7.06 billion people alive today (compared with a world population of only 3.85 billion in 1972)1 are intensifying stresses on the Earth’s system beyond its capacity to absorb ...
... transport goods, and natural resources that provide the raw materials for all these services. However, the activities of the 7.06 billion people alive today (compared with a world population of only 3.85 billion in 1972)1 are intensifying stresses on the Earth’s system beyond its capacity to absorb ...
- Wiley Online Library
... variables the signal of anthropogenic change has yet to clearly emerge from the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability. [3] So when will the signal emerge? And where and how? These are key questions for adaptation policy and planning in particular. Much attention has focused on the absolute magnitud ...
... variables the signal of anthropogenic change has yet to clearly emerge from the ‘noise’ of natural climate variability. [3] So when will the signal emerge? And where and how? These are key questions for adaptation policy and planning in particular. Much attention has focused on the absolute magnitud ...
Global and African Regional Climate during the Cenozoic
... The Eocene is thought to be the warmest epoch of the Cenozoic, although climate data for this period are sparse, especially in Africa. Warm deep ocean temperatures (>10°C) are recorded in benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes during the early Eocene climatic optimum (54–50 Ma; figure 4.1). Although ...
... The Eocene is thought to be the warmest epoch of the Cenozoic, although climate data for this period are sparse, especially in Africa. Warm deep ocean temperatures (>10°C) are recorded in benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes during the early Eocene climatic optimum (54–50 Ma; figure 4.1). Although ...
PDF
... and out of agriculture, i.e., the simulated impacts are predicated on the land base remaining constant after climate change. 2 To the extent that climate change induces the land base to change, the methodology used here does not capture the full impact of adaptation to climate change. Assuming the l ...
... and out of agriculture, i.e., the simulated impacts are predicated on the land base remaining constant after climate change. 2 To the extent that climate change induces the land base to change, the methodology used here does not capture the full impact of adaptation to climate change. Assuming the l ...
The climatic impacts of land surface change and carbon
... at all with changes in carbon stocks in the biosphere or changes in the land surface, (2) continue along the present path toward complete fungibility between carbon in or out of the atmosphere regardless of the source, (3) focus efforts on the global mean climate and the Earth’s radiative balance, a ...
... at all with changes in carbon stocks in the biosphere or changes in the land surface, (2) continue along the present path toward complete fungibility between carbon in or out of the atmosphere regardless of the source, (3) focus efforts on the global mean climate and the Earth’s radiative balance, a ...
Climate Change - Hans von Storch
... Climate Change: Constructions • Climate change is a „constructed“ issue. People hardly experience „climate change“. (“Constructed” does not mean "made up" or "invented“, but originating from an abstract context, which may be quite divorced from day-to-day reality. ) ...
... Climate Change: Constructions • Climate change is a „constructed“ issue. People hardly experience „climate change“. (“Constructed” does not mean "made up" or "invented“, but originating from an abstract context, which may be quite divorced from day-to-day reality. ) ...
A PERIOD OF CONSEQUENCES: GLOBAL WARMING, SOCIAL
... will come for all of us. Perhaps for the moment it is mainly a problem for people, v ...
... will come for all of us. Perhaps for the moment it is mainly a problem for people, v ...
The impacts of climate change on the abundance and
... development, modelled population growth occurs optimally at temperatures around 24 ◦ C. Quantitatively, temperature profiles for RCP2.6-2020, RCP6.0-2050 and RCP8.5-2080 produce 74, 62 and 47 days respectively where temperatures are ±2 ◦ C from model optimal. As we cannot know a priori which of the ...
... development, modelled population growth occurs optimally at temperatures around 24 ◦ C. Quantitatively, temperature profiles for RCP2.6-2020, RCP6.0-2050 and RCP8.5-2080 produce 74, 62 and 47 days respectively where temperatures are ±2 ◦ C from model optimal. As we cannot know a priori which of the ...
Climate Change - Province of British Columbia
... British Columbia will need to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change, as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Because of the historical and continuing rise in global GHGs, the Earth will continue to warm for decades to come. We can expect more long-term warming, more extreme ...
... British Columbia will need to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change, as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Because of the historical and continuing rise in global GHGs, the Earth will continue to warm for decades to come. We can expect more long-term warming, more extreme ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.