Thresholds and Closing Windows
... just the coming few decades, including the 2020–30 commitment period that is the focus of the Paris Agreement. Once started however, they inevitably will unfold, with no possible means to halt them on timescales of decades, centuries or millennia. Cryospheric thresholds reflect an immutable physical ...
... just the coming few decades, including the 2020–30 commitment period that is the focus of the Paris Agreement. Once started however, they inevitably will unfold, with no possible means to halt them on timescales of decades, centuries or millennia. Cryospheric thresholds reflect an immutable physical ...
The Carbon Dioxide Greenhouse Effect
... and be fully exposed to the air.(18) But nobody knew the actual turnover rate, and it seemed that the oceans would have time to handle any extra gases. According to a well-known estimate published in 1924, even without ocean absorption it would take 500 years for fuel combustion to double the amount ...
... and be fully exposed to the air.(18) But nobody knew the actual turnover rate, and it seemed that the oceans would have time to handle any extra gases. According to a well-known estimate published in 1924, even without ocean absorption it would take 500 years for fuel combustion to double the amount ...
climate change and ocean acidification
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) synthesized research regarding observed and projected impacts of climate change on physical and biological processes in the oceans, at both global and regional levels. The impacts of these changes on human health and ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC’s) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) synthesized research regarding observed and projected impacts of climate change on physical and biological processes in the oceans, at both global and regional levels. The impacts of these changes on human health and ...
Climate change, ocean processes and ocean iron fertilization
... CO2 through the burning of fossil fuels and cement production from limestone (from data of Marland et al. 2007). This value is small compared with what is likely to be released over the next century: the IPCC has produced 40 scenarios for future development of global society, the so-called SRES scen ...
... CO2 through the burning of fossil fuels and cement production from limestone (from data of Marland et al. 2007). This value is small compared with what is likely to be released over the next century: the IPCC has produced 40 scenarios for future development of global society, the so-called SRES scen ...
The Coordination and Vertical Integration of Climate Actions AH SM
... Development Goals (MDGs) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) One recurrent point that has arisen in SNI-WG discussions on scaling sub-national climate actions regards the availability of multi-level governance lessons from the other major multilateral agreements under discussion this year; the Post-20 ...
... Development Goals (MDGs) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) One recurrent point that has arisen in SNI-WG discussions on scaling sub-national climate actions regards the availability of multi-level governance lessons from the other major multilateral agreements under discussion this year; the Post-20 ...
The shape of things to come: why is climate change so predictable?
... Projections of future climate changes are inherently probabilistic, because of the many uncertainties surrounding choices of climate parameters, uncertainties in the underlying physical processes and future emissions, and because the climate system is highly complex. On the other hand, such projecti ...
... Projections of future climate changes are inherently probabilistic, because of the many uncertainties surrounding choices of climate parameters, uncertainties in the underlying physical processes and future emissions, and because the climate system is highly complex. On the other hand, such projecti ...
4.1 Climate Change Effects
... Natural dune form and function will become even more important in mitigating the effects of projected climate change. The potential for coastal erosion and flooding to be considerably accentuated by climate change effects (MFE, 2001) further emphasizes the importance of restoring and maintaining wid ...
... Natural dune form and function will become even more important in mitigating the effects of projected climate change. The potential for coastal erosion and flooding to be considerably accentuated by climate change effects (MFE, 2001) further emphasizes the importance of restoring and maintaining wid ...
Attribution of the record high Central England temperature of
... ‘weather@home’ setup (Massey et al 2014) which harnesses volunteers’ computers to generate tens of thousands of simulations. Examples include analyses of heavy snowfall in the Pyrennes (Añel et al 2014) and heavy rainfall in the Danube and Elbe basins (Schaller et al 2014). The model-based component ...
... ‘weather@home’ setup (Massey et al 2014) which harnesses volunteers’ computers to generate tens of thousands of simulations. Examples include analyses of heavy snowfall in the Pyrennes (Añel et al 2014) and heavy rainfall in the Danube and Elbe basins (Schaller et al 2014). The model-based component ...
Transcript
... Now the key man in this story, the man with a plan, is a guy called Matthew Fontaine Maury. Now Maury was a lieutenant in the US Navy and from even when he was a small boy was obsessed with mathematics and data and analysis. But in 1839 Maury had a coaching accident where he broke his thigh bone and ...
... Now the key man in this story, the man with a plan, is a guy called Matthew Fontaine Maury. Now Maury was a lieutenant in the US Navy and from even when he was a small boy was obsessed with mathematics and data and analysis. But in 1839 Maury had a coaching accident where he broke his thigh bone and ...
Evolutionary response of the egg hatching date of LETTERS *
... alter the reaction norm elevation). Thus, it is the winter moth’s response to temperature that has genetically changed. The genetic change in reaction norm is mainly a change in elevation and to a lesser extent in slope (Fig. 1b). Whereas the quantitative genetic model predicts the largest shift at ...
... alter the reaction norm elevation). Thus, it is the winter moth’s response to temperature that has genetically changed. The genetic change in reaction norm is mainly a change in elevation and to a lesser extent in slope (Fig. 1b). Whereas the quantitative genetic model predicts the largest shift at ...
quantification of physical impacts on the nsw coastal zone due to
... It is recognised that future climate change has a significant potential to impact coastal communities and ecosystems. In addition to sea level rise, variations in the local wave climate, resulting from climate change, are likely to modify long-shore and cross-shore sediment transport patterns. This ...
... It is recognised that future climate change has a significant potential to impact coastal communities and ecosystems. In addition to sea level rise, variations in the local wave climate, resulting from climate change, are likely to modify long-shore and cross-shore sediment transport patterns. This ...
Mise en page 1 - World Climate Research Programme
... Through the Earth System Science Partnership, a joint initiative of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP), Diversitas (a biodiversity research programme) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), there is a growing engageme ...
... Through the Earth System Science Partnership, a joint initiative of the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), the International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP), Diversitas (a biodiversity research programme) and the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), there is a growing engageme ...
Regional climate model data used within the SWURVE project
... follow different storylines with respect to technological and economic growth in the world. The A2 storyline describes a heterogeneous world with strengthening of regional cultural identities, high population growth but with less concern for rapid economic development (Nakicenovic, 2000). The B2 sto ...
... follow different storylines with respect to technological and economic growth in the world. The A2 storyline describes a heterogeneous world with strengthening of regional cultural identities, high population growth but with less concern for rapid economic development (Nakicenovic, 2000). The B2 sto ...
Climate change, development, poverty and economics
... Climate change is different from past environmental problems in terms of its scale, the magnitude of risks and the urgency of action. We are all involved both in the generation of the problems and in our vulnerability to its impacts. Climate change is also different in terms of its complexity and th ...
... Climate change is different from past environmental problems in terms of its scale, the magnitude of risks and the urgency of action. We are all involved both in the generation of the problems and in our vulnerability to its impacts. Climate change is also different in terms of its complexity and th ...
Changes in Snow Cover and Snow Water Equivalent Due to Global
... over a 10 year period were conducted using a 20 kmmesh atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), and changes in snow due to global warming were investigated, excluding areas with perpetual snow. In accumulating and melting seasons, the snow cover decreases in almost the entire snow area; for the ...
... over a 10 year period were conducted using a 20 kmmesh atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), and changes in snow due to global warming were investigated, excluding areas with perpetual snow. In accumulating and melting seasons, the snow cover decreases in almost the entire snow area; for the ...
Thermal physiology and species distribution models
... We empirically estimated thermal performance curves for aquatic larvae of three pool-breeding amphibians native to the Pacific coast of North America: S. intermontana, R. aurora and P. regilla. Maximum velocity (Vmax) and acceleration (Amax) during 1 second of burst swimming were used as the basis f ...
... We empirically estimated thermal performance curves for aquatic larvae of three pool-breeding amphibians native to the Pacific coast of North America: S. intermontana, R. aurora and P. regilla. Maximum velocity (Vmax) and acceleration (Amax) during 1 second of burst swimming were used as the basis f ...
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use
... (HC) and second, extratropical circulation change, as manifested by a poleward shift of the zone of high westerly winds in the midlatitudes, also known as an enhanced positive phase of the annular modes (AMs). Although both changes are associated with similar poleward displacements, it still remains ...
... (HC) and second, extratropical circulation change, as manifested by a poleward shift of the zone of high westerly winds in the midlatitudes, also known as an enhanced positive phase of the annular modes (AMs). Although both changes are associated with similar poleward displacements, it still remains ...
Expected impacts of climate change on extreme climate events
... disagreement for cold extremes, particularly in cloudy regions [17]. This fairly good agreement between model simulations and observations is not only true on average, but also for trends over the second part of the 20th century. Christidis et al. [7], indeed, compared observed patterns of change in ...
... disagreement for cold extremes, particularly in cloudy regions [17]. This fairly good agreement between model simulations and observations is not only true on average, but also for trends over the second part of the 20th century. Christidis et al. [7], indeed, compared observed patterns of change in ...
Atmospheric Concentrations of Greenhouse Gases
... effect of ozone-depleting substances. These chemicals have been released into the air for many years, but recently, international efforts have reduced emissions and phased out their use. ...
... effect of ozone-depleting substances. These chemicals have been released into the air for many years, but recently, international efforts have reduced emissions and phased out their use. ...
0302_Hemer_STAR_2010_WindWave
... Nicholls, R.J. et al. (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Parry, M.L. et 2010 al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambr ...
... Nicholls, R.J. et al. (2007) Coastal systems and low-lying areas. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Parry, M.L. et 2010 al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambr ...
Biblio RTF Export - GLISAclimate.org
... Chen, J., F. P. Brissette, and R. Leconte. "Uncertainty of downscaling method in quantifying the impact of climate change on hydrology." Journal of Hydrology. 401 (2011): 190-202. Campbell, Philip. "Understanding the receivers and the reception of science's uncertain messages." Philos Transact A Mat ...
... Chen, J., F. P. Brissette, and R. Leconte. "Uncertainty of downscaling method in quantifying the impact of climate change on hydrology." Journal of Hydrology. 401 (2011): 190-202. Campbell, Philip. "Understanding the receivers and the reception of science's uncertain messages." Philos Transact A Mat ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.