The Open Ocean
... Key Messages and Recommendations 1. Urgent attention is needed to sustainably manage the open ocean ecosystems and their services. The open ocean is the largest transboundary water space on Earth, covering about half of the entire surface of the planet, but also has impact on the entire global ocea ...
... Key Messages and Recommendations 1. Urgent attention is needed to sustainably manage the open ocean ecosystems and their services. The open ocean is the largest transboundary water space on Earth, covering about half of the entire surface of the planet, but also has impact on the entire global ocea ...
Climate Change: Overview and Implications for Wildlife
... climate changes (assuming there is time and space enough for such a migration). Past vegetation responses to climatic change at a sustained average rate of 1C per millennium indicates that credible predictions of future vegetation changes cannot neglect transient (that is, time-evolving) dynamics o ...
... climate changes (assuming there is time and space enough for such a migration). Past vegetation responses to climatic change at a sustained average rate of 1C per millennium indicates that credible predictions of future vegetation changes cannot neglect transient (that is, time-evolving) dynamics o ...
Sensitivity of the oceanic carbon reservoir to tropical surface wind
... are reconfigured to run as a transient perturbation, starting at zero and ramping up to maximum wind anomalies of ˙10%, ˙20%, ˙30%, after 100 years (Figure S4). Similar patterns of change but of lower amplitude can be found in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, respectively. The experiments using an ...
... are reconfigured to run as a transient perturbation, starting at zero and ramping up to maximum wind anomalies of ˙10%, ˙20%, ˙30%, after 100 years (Figure S4). Similar patterns of change but of lower amplitude can be found in the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, respectively. The experiments using an ...
Turn Down - Climate Analytics
... This report provides a snapshot of recent scientific literature and new analyses of likely impacts and risks that would be associated with a 4° Celsius warming within this century. It is a rigorous attempt to outline a range of risks, focusing on developing countries and especially the poor. A 4°C w ...
... This report provides a snapshot of recent scientific literature and new analyses of likely impacts and risks that would be associated with a 4° Celsius warming within this century. It is a rigorous attempt to outline a range of risks, focusing on developing countries and especially the poor. A 4°C w ...
Apocalyptic Rhetoric 1NC
... much greater than humanity (let alone individual human efforts), that there seems little hope for intervention. However, some scholars argue that apocalyptic discourse is inherently ambivalent, offering the possibility to inspire human agency even within a ruinous scenario (O’Leary, 1993). Fatalisti ...
... much greater than humanity (let alone individual human efforts), that there seems little hope for intervention. However, some scholars argue that apocalyptic discourse is inherently ambivalent, offering the possibility to inspire human agency even within a ruinous scenario (O’Leary, 1993). Fatalisti ...
shipping impacts on climate
... As a result of all these warming contributions and triggering of positive feedback loops, black carbon may be second only to carbon dioxide in terms of direct contribution to global warming,47,48 with a warming effect as much as 55 percent of that of carbon dioxide.49 In fact, 0.3-0.4°C of current ...
... As a result of all these warming contributions and triggering of positive feedback loops, black carbon may be second only to carbon dioxide in terms of direct contribution to global warming,47,48 with a warming effect as much as 55 percent of that of carbon dioxide.49 In fact, 0.3-0.4°C of current ...
(SPARC) (Thomas Peter, ETH Zurich)
... The report will be completed in time (late 2009) to provide useful and timely information for the 2010 WMO/UNEP O3 and IPCC AR5. It will: ...
... The report will be completed in time (late 2009) to provide useful and timely information for the 2010 WMO/UNEP O3 and IPCC AR5. It will: ...
Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation in
... Traditionally, climate change studies in which Africa features have tended to focus on likely precipitation changes during boreal summer and winter (Solomon et al. 2007). Much less is known about the transition seasons (i.e. boreal autumn and spring), which are the rainy seasons in East Africa. Furt ...
... Traditionally, climate change studies in which Africa features have tended to focus on likely precipitation changes during boreal summer and winter (Solomon et al. 2007). Much less is known about the transition seasons (i.e. boreal autumn and spring), which are the rainy seasons in East Africa. Furt ...
Climate - Net Texts
... CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality ...
... CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality ...
Images are courtesy of the National Snow and Ice Data Center
... region) intensifies. This result suggests that recent observed sea-ice trend around the AP could be associated to anthropogenic forcings. ...
... region) intensifies. This result suggests that recent observed sea-ice trend around the AP could be associated to anthropogenic forcings. ...
The importance of ENSO phase during volcanic eruptions
... the eruption [Self et al., 1997]. Fully coupled simulations and paleoclimate records suggest that the coincidence of El Niño events with three consecutive volcanic eruptions of the same or greater magnitude as Agung, as was the case during 1951–2014, is a very rare occurrence (see section S1 in the ...
... the eruption [Self et al., 1997]. Fully coupled simulations and paleoclimate records suggest that the coincidence of El Niño events with three consecutive volcanic eruptions of the same or greater magnitude as Agung, as was the case during 1951–2014, is a very rare occurrence (see section S1 in the ...
Presentation
... cycles in the different domains (atmosphere, ocean, land), considering also anthropogenic emissions, are required (now more than ever) to better: i. quantify the GHG sources and sinks ii. understand the feedbacks with the climate system and iii. address mitigation and adaptation actions. ...
... cycles in the different domains (atmosphere, ocean, land), considering also anthropogenic emissions, are required (now more than ever) to better: i. quantify the GHG sources and sinks ii. understand the feedbacks with the climate system and iii. address mitigation and adaptation actions. ...
Sub-regional Climate Change related Centre
... storms, avalanches, slides, forest fires, etc.) have been projected for the region of southeastern Europe. As the consequence of such negative effects on food and energy production, water supply, biological diversification and human health, in the latest Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Clim ...
... storms, avalanches, slides, forest fires, etc.) have been projected for the region of southeastern Europe. As the consequence of such negative effects on food and energy production, water supply, biological diversification and human health, in the latest Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Clim ...
Project Presentation - The Bush School of Government and Public
... Climate Change Scientific Experts Say: • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4), 2007 – Very high confidence of anthropogenic causes – Unequivocal increase in global average air & ocean temperatures (1-1.5°C by 2025) – Rising global mean sea level – Widespre ...
... Climate Change Scientific Experts Say: • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Reports (AR4), 2007 – Very high confidence of anthropogenic causes – Unequivocal increase in global average air & ocean temperatures (1-1.5°C by 2025) – Rising global mean sea level – Widespre ...
as a PDF
... in this paper) of the coupled anthroposphere-climate system are considered to be the most important results that can be derived by applying the TWA. As it is shown elsewhere (Bruckner et al., 2003), the boundaries of these corridors (and domains) can be determined by successively solving numerous in ...
... in this paper) of the coupled anthroposphere-climate system are considered to be the most important results that can be derived by applying the TWA. As it is shown elsewhere (Bruckner et al., 2003), the boundaries of these corridors (and domains) can be determined by successively solving numerous in ...
View/Open
... adaptations, market responses, technological developments and institutional changes have a large potential in reducing negative impacts of global warming and climate change. Farmers in Kenya are aware of short-term climate changes; most of them have noticed an increase in temperatures with some taki ...
... adaptations, market responses, technological developments and institutional changes have a large potential in reducing negative impacts of global warming and climate change. Farmers in Kenya are aware of short-term climate changes; most of them have noticed an increase in temperatures with some taki ...
The role of nutricline depth in regulating ocean`s carbon cycle
... the mechanisms that supply nutrients into the upper mixed layer of the ocean6,14. ...
... the mechanisms that supply nutrients into the upper mixed layer of the ocean6,14. ...
Activity 1 Mixed-up meanings
... The research team points to several reasons for the sudden loss of ice in a gradually warming world. Open water absorbs more light and heat from the sun than does ice. So a bigger area of open water will speed the warming up. Also global climate change is expected to affect ocean currents. It will d ...
... The research team points to several reasons for the sudden loss of ice in a gradually warming world. Open water absorbs more light and heat from the sun than does ice. So a bigger area of open water will speed the warming up. Also global climate change is expected to affect ocean currents. It will d ...
Global warming hiatus
A global warming hiatus, also sometimes referred to as a global warming pause or a global warming slowdown, is a period of relatively little change in globally averaged surface temperatures. In the current episode of global warming many such periods are evident in the surface temperature record, along with robust evidence of the long term warming trend.The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006 assertions had been made that this showed that global warming had stopped. A 2009 study showed that decades without warming were not exceptional, and in 2011 a study showed that if allowances were made for known variability, the rising temperature trend continued unabated. There was increased public interest in 2013 in the run-up to publication of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, and despite concerns that a 15-year period was too short to determine a meaningful trend, the IPCC included a section on a hiatus, which it defined as a much smaller increasing linear trend over the 15 years from 1998 to 2012, than over the 60 years from 1951 to 2012. Various studies examined possible causes of the short term slowdown. Even though the overall climate system had continued to accumulate energy due to Earth's positive energy budget, the available temperature readings at the earth's surface indicated slower rates of increase in surface warming than in the prior decade. Since measurements at the top of the atmosphere show that Earth is receiving more energy than it is radiating back into space, the retained energy should be producing warming in at least one of the five parts of Earth's climate system.A July 2015 paper on the updated NOAA dataset cast doubt on the existence of this supposed hiatus, and found no indication of a slowdown. This analysis incorporated the latest corrections for known biases in ocean temperature measurements, and new land temperature data. Scientists working on other datasets welcomed this study, though the view was expressed that the short term warming trend had been slower than in previous periods of the same length.