Full Text - University of British Columbia
... behavior regarding the perceived inconsistency, but also attitudes in other unrelated domains, as people aspire to engage in any behavior that reduces the unpleasant arousal. The Meaning Maintenance Model According to the MMM (Heine et al., 2006; Proulx & Heine, 2010), any violation of expectation ( ...
... behavior regarding the perceived inconsistency, but also attitudes in other unrelated domains, as people aspire to engage in any behavior that reduces the unpleasant arousal. The Meaning Maintenance Model According to the MMM (Heine et al., 2006; Proulx & Heine, 2010), any violation of expectation ( ...
A COMPARISON OF RESPONSE
... response), it may be less salient to the organism that the contingencies have changed (the SR will no longer be delivered). This ambiguity could maintain responding longer than extinction from a primary reinforcement schedule in which a previously associated stimulus (in this case, the CS) is not de ...
... response), it may be less salient to the organism that the contingencies have changed (the SR will no longer be delivered). This ambiguity could maintain responding longer than extinction from a primary reinforcement schedule in which a previously associated stimulus (in this case, the CS) is not de ...
1 Eyewitness Identification Expert Summary Report Prepared by Dr
... meta-analysis technique is that it informs researchers about eyewitness performance over the course of a large number of studies, from many researchers and from different laboratories (and perhaps from many different countries around the world). • Eyewitness Error Rates in Actual Cases By examining ...
... meta-analysis technique is that it informs researchers about eyewitness performance over the course of a large number of studies, from many researchers and from different laboratories (and perhaps from many different countries around the world). • Eyewitness Error Rates in Actual Cases By examining ...
What is psychology - Kirkwood Community College
... 2. Contrast critical thinking and pseudopsychology (pp. 5-6). 3. List and describe the four goals of psychology (p. 7). 4. Describe the difference between a psychiatrist and psychologist, and describe the major career options in psychology (pp. 7-9). Who are the important contributors to psychology; ...
... 2. Contrast critical thinking and pseudopsychology (pp. 5-6). 3. List and describe the four goals of psychology (p. 7). 4. Describe the difference between a psychiatrist and psychologist, and describe the major career options in psychology (pp. 7-9). Who are the important contributors to psychology; ...
1 The Relation between Consistency and Accuracy of Eyewitness
... assistants are trained to pore through witness statements to recognize inconsistencies (Pozner & Dodd, 1993). Not only do attorneys search through witnesses’ previous statements to find inconsistencies, but they also intentionally question witnesses on the stand in order to create such inconsistenci ...
... assistants are trained to pore through witness statements to recognize inconsistencies (Pozner & Dodd, 1993). Not only do attorneys search through witnesses’ previous statements to find inconsistencies, but they also intentionally question witnesses on the stand in order to create such inconsistenci ...
The Dynamics of Ambivalence: Evaluative Conflict in Attitudes and
... evaluative incongruence between cognitions. In fact Festinger’s (1964) definition of dissonance applies to all kinds of situations where two cognitions are in conflict with one another, thus including ambivalence. However, most of the empirical work on discomfort associated with dissonance focuses o ...
... evaluative incongruence between cognitions. In fact Festinger’s (1964) definition of dissonance applies to all kinds of situations where two cognitions are in conflict with one another, thus including ambivalence. However, most of the empirical work on discomfort associated with dissonance focuses o ...
The testing effect and recall : exploring the role of attention in long
... of how long it took participants to remember stimuli (response latency) rather than in terms of accuracy (% recalled). Second, because the DA task only required participants to monitor digits at a rate of one digit every 1.5 s, participants may have been able to switch their attention rapidly from o ...
... of how long it took participants to remember stimuli (response latency) rather than in terms of accuracy (% recalled). Second, because the DA task only required participants to monitor digits at a rate of one digit every 1.5 s, participants may have been able to switch their attention rapidly from o ...
Eyewitnesses and the use and application of cognitive theory
... Secondly, there was a tendency to give lower estimates for heavy and tall targets, but higher estimates for light and short targets. The authors referred to this effect as a regression towards the mean: extreme estimates are avoided in preference to those that are more similar to the average or ‘nor ...
... Secondly, there was a tendency to give lower estimates for heavy and tall targets, but higher estimates for light and short targets. The authors referred to this effect as a regression towards the mean: extreme estimates are avoided in preference to those that are more similar to the average or ‘nor ...
UNWTO. (2004). Indicators of Sustainability for Tourism Destinations
... The origin of academic studies on sustainability in the context of tourism was first based on some widely disseminated concepts regarding the importance of preserving the planet's natural resources (Saarinen, 2006). However, in line with Hunter (1997) whilst new research perspectives on environmenta ...
... The origin of academic studies on sustainability in the context of tourism was first based on some widely disseminated concepts regarding the importance of preserving the planet's natural resources (Saarinen, 2006). However, in line with Hunter (1997) whilst new research perspectives on environmenta ...
Behaviorism
... behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. BEHAVIORISM (STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY) Sat, 22 Apr 2017 16:32:00 GMT 1. what is behaviorism? one has to be careful with "ism" words. they often ...
... behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. BEHAVIORISM (STANFORD ENCYCLOPEDIA OF PHILOSOPHY) Sat, 22 Apr 2017 16:32:00 GMT 1. what is behaviorism? one has to be careful with "ism" words. they often ...
Unconscious processing of incidental advertising
... The level of involvement of a product can affect memory measures. Priming emerges to be more effective measure for products that are low involvement rather than high involvement. When a product does not require much elaboration for purchase, a purchase decision is more likely to be based upon such ...
... The level of involvement of a product can affect memory measures. Priming emerges to be more effective measure for products that are low involvement rather than high involvement. When a product does not require much elaboration for purchase, a purchase decision is more likely to be based upon such ...
Unconscious processing of incidental advertising
... The level of involvement of a product can affect memory measures. Priming emerges to be more effective measure for products that are low involvement rather than high involvement. When a product does not require much elaboration for purchase, a purchase decision is more likely to be based upon such ...
... The level of involvement of a product can affect memory measures. Priming emerges to be more effective measure for products that are low involvement rather than high involvement. When a product does not require much elaboration for purchase, a purchase decision is more likely to be based upon such ...
3 Pavlovian conditioning - s-f
... between the animal and its environment than is afforded by the inborn reflexes alone’ (1927, p. 16). The obvious examples of the evolutionary advantages of this were given by the ability of arbitrary and distant stimuli to evoke ‘the reflex of seeking food’, and also ‘the reflex of self-defence’, wh ...
... between the animal and its environment than is afforded by the inborn reflexes alone’ (1927, p. 16). The obvious examples of the evolutionary advantages of this were given by the ability of arbitrary and distant stimuli to evoke ‘the reflex of seeking food’, and also ‘the reflex of self-defence’, wh ...
Word-length effects in immediate memory
... Because the two weighting parameters are included only for generality, the sampling probability depends primarily on the similarity between traces. In addition, because the attentional parameter bk is set to 1.0, similarity essentially depends upon the number of matching features between the two tra ...
... Because the two weighting parameters are included only for generality, the sampling probability depends primarily on the similarity between traces. In addition, because the attentional parameter bk is set to 1.0, similarity essentially depends upon the number of matching features between the two tra ...
AP Psychology Curriculum
... 11. Trace the course of language acquisition from the babbling stage through the two-word stage. 12. Discuss Skinner’s and Chomsky’s contributions to the nature-nurture debate over how children acquire language, and explain why statistical learning and critical periods are important concepts in chil ...
... 11. Trace the course of language acquisition from the babbling stage through the two-word stage. 12. Discuss Skinner’s and Chomsky’s contributions to the nature-nurture debate over how children acquire language, and explain why statistical learning and critical periods are important concepts in chil ...
Remembering everyday events through the prism of self
... Taylor, & Michela, 1994) and interpret objectively identical events differently when they pertain to the self (e.g., Shrauger & Terbovic, 1976). Such differences in initial experience make it difficult to interpret any differences in recall later. In the present research, we measured participants’ i ...
... Taylor, & Michela, 1994) and interpret objectively identical events differently when they pertain to the self (e.g., Shrauger & Terbovic, 1976). Such differences in initial experience make it difficult to interpret any differences in recall later. In the present research, we measured participants’ i ...
www.ssoar.info The psychology of counterfactual thinking
... Via their influence on causal inferences, counterfactual thoughts may influence the blaming effects discussed in the previous section, but they may also underlie overconfidence in predicting the past (one may feel certain that the outcome of a football match was predictable in hindsight because a pa ...
... Via their influence on causal inferences, counterfactual thoughts may influence the blaming effects discussed in the previous section, but they may also underlie overconfidence in predicting the past (one may feel certain that the outcome of a football match was predictable in hindsight because a pa ...
The impact of non-cognitive skills on outcomes for young people
... Most experimental studies look at single non-cognitive skills in isolation over relatively short time frames. So far, the evidence is relatively weak on whether improvements to non-cognitive skills are transferable across domains, and whether they are sustained. That said, there are some positive si ...
... Most experimental studies look at single non-cognitive skills in isolation over relatively short time frames. So far, the evidence is relatively weak on whether improvements to non-cognitive skills are transferable across domains, and whether they are sustained. That said, there are some positive si ...
Chapter 5
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
... These four graphs show the typical pattern of responding for both fixed and variable interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement. The responses are cumulative, which means new responses are added to those that come before, and all graphs begin after the learned pattern is well established. Slash m ...
external stimulus initially "goaded" the ani
... & Marquis, 1940), the global influence his system later achieved remained-in doubt. By 1946 Skinner's book,had sold only 550 copies of an original printing of 800 (Skinner, 1979) and the plates had gone into scrap because of the shortage of lead during the war. But Columbia's Keller and Schoenfeld a ...
... & Marquis, 1940), the global influence his system later achieved remained-in doubt. By 1946 Skinner's book,had sold only 550 copies of an original printing of 800 (Skinner, 1979) and the plates had gone into scrap because of the shortage of lead during the war. But Columbia's Keller and Schoenfeld a ...
Unit I: Excellence in Thought
... a) Describe the relationship between confidence and athletic success. b) Distinguish among the following terms: confidence, optimism, self-efficacy. c) Discuss five common misconceptions about confidence. d) Describe the four prerequisites for gaining confidence. e) Describe the three dimensions of ...
... a) Describe the relationship between confidence and athletic success. b) Distinguish among the following terms: confidence, optimism, self-efficacy. c) Discuss five common misconceptions about confidence. d) Describe the four prerequisites for gaining confidence. e) Describe the three dimensions of ...
Training Principles - Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
... Rosenbloom (1981) have argued that the Power Law of Practice describes the acquisition process for most skills. This law formalizes the relationship between trials of practice and time to make a correct response as a power function, R = aN-b, where R is response time on trial N, a is response time o ...
... Rosenbloom (1981) have argued that the Power Law of Practice describes the acquisition process for most skills. This law formalizes the relationship between trials of practice and time to make a correct response as a power function, R = aN-b, where R is response time on trial N, a is response time o ...
Enhancing the effectiveness of tobacco package warning labels: a
... what types of messages they can implement (for example, some countries may allow only health oriented messages on their warning labels, as is currently the case in Canada under the 1997 Tobacco Act). We conceptualise the psychological principles outlined here as being suggestions that policy makers ...
... what types of messages they can implement (for example, some countries may allow only health oriented messages on their warning labels, as is currently the case in Canada under the 1997 Tobacco Act). We conceptualise the psychological principles outlined here as being suggestions that policy makers ...
Theory Paper - Garrett Schmidt
... reinforcement, so teachers are encouraged to check the students’ work regularly and give them positive reinforcement with the right instruction. Some people may ask why behaviorism is so important and simply the answer is, behaviorism shows results. Behaviorism is based on past psychologists’ many ...
... reinforcement, so teachers are encouraged to check the students’ work regularly and give them positive reinforcement with the right instruction. Some people may ask why behaviorism is so important and simply the answer is, behaviorism shows results. Behaviorism is based on past psychologists’ many ...
Research and theory on respect and disrespect
... for Research in Child Development (SRCD). The symposium’s discussant (García Coll, 2005) referred to this set of papers as “first-generation” research and cautioned that we must distinguish between respect and disrespect and other behavior of people who also happen to be respectful or disrespectful. ...
... for Research in Child Development (SRCD). The symposium’s discussant (García Coll, 2005) referred to this set of papers as “first-generation” research and cautioned that we must distinguish between respect and disrespect and other behavior of people who also happen to be respectful or disrespectful. ...