Botany terminology - Oregon State University Extension Service
... Botany terminology Anther-The pollen sac on a male flower. Apex-The tip of a shoot or root. Apical dominance-The tendency of an apical bud to produce hormones that suppress growth of buds below it on the stem. Axil-The location where a leaf joins a stem. Cambium-A layer of growing tissue that separa ...
... Botany terminology Anther-The pollen sac on a male flower. Apex-The tip of a shoot or root. Apical dominance-The tendency of an apical bud to produce hormones that suppress growth of buds below it on the stem. Axil-The location where a leaf joins a stem. Cambium-A layer of growing tissue that separa ...
24-3 PowerPoint Notes
... Vines and _________ plants exhibit thigmotropism when they encounter an object and wrap around it. Other plants, such as grape vines, have extra growths called _________ that emerge near the base of the leaf and wrap tightly around any object they encounter. Rapid Movements Some plant responses are ...
... Vines and _________ plants exhibit thigmotropism when they encounter an object and wrap around it. Other plants, such as grape vines, have extra growths called _________ that emerge near the base of the leaf and wrap tightly around any object they encounter. Rapid Movements Some plant responses are ...
Root system
... Increases girth of older roots and stems Cylindrical arrays of cells vascular cambium secondary vascular tissues ...
... Increases girth of older roots and stems Cylindrical arrays of cells vascular cambium secondary vascular tissues ...
Vascular Tissue System
... Indeterminate growth: continuous growth in plants (during entire lifetime) • Meristems: tissues that enable plants to continuously grow - Apical meristem: at tips and roots • Primary growth: the plant grows in length • Secondary growth: growth in thickness (bark) (through lateral Herbaceous: no wood ...
... Indeterminate growth: continuous growth in plants (during entire lifetime) • Meristems: tissues that enable plants to continuously grow - Apical meristem: at tips and roots • Primary growth: the plant grows in length • Secondary growth: growth in thickness (bark) (through lateral Herbaceous: no wood ...
6. Reproduction of plants File - E
... forms, Pr (inactive) and Pfr (active). • It is important in the flowering response in plants but is also involved in other light initiated responses, such as germination and shoot growth. ...
... forms, Pr (inactive) and Pfr (active). • It is important in the flowering response in plants but is also involved in other light initiated responses, such as germination and shoot growth. ...
Chapter 31
... Secondary growth: increases width and girth more seen in woody plants where the stems form thick layers of dead xylem called wood. ------------------------------------------------- layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem vascular cambium gives rise to ---------------------- ...
... Secondary growth: increases width and girth more seen in woody plants where the stems form thick layers of dead xylem called wood. ------------------------------------------------- layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem vascular cambium gives rise to ---------------------- ...
Lecture XVII – Plant Reproduction and Development – Dr
... Apical meristems in vegetative state are called vegetative apical meristems; give rise to leaves lateral buds, internodes Through a cascade of gene expression, vegetative apical meristems differentiate into reproductive meristems, either inflorescence or floral meristems Inflorescence meristems typi ...
... Apical meristems in vegetative state are called vegetative apical meristems; give rise to leaves lateral buds, internodes Through a cascade of gene expression, vegetative apical meristems differentiate into reproductive meristems, either inflorescence or floral meristems Inflorescence meristems typi ...
No Slide Title
... and secondary phloem to the outside • Cork cambium is outside the vascular cambium it forms periderm, which is made of cork tissue the periderm replaces the epidermis as the dermal tissue system of the plant ...
... and secondary phloem to the outside • Cork cambium is outside the vascular cambium it forms periderm, which is made of cork tissue the periderm replaces the epidermis as the dermal tissue system of the plant ...
Do you believe in palm trees?
... to acquire more energy for further growth. Mosses were more sophisticated than algae and concentrated their cells capable of division and growth into specific regions or meristems at the apex or tip of the shoot. Primary growth or tip growth is produced by the apical meristem. Even with an apical me ...
... to acquire more energy for further growth. Mosses were more sophisticated than algae and concentrated their cells capable of division and growth into specific regions or meristems at the apex or tip of the shoot. Primary growth or tip growth is produced by the apical meristem. Even with an apical me ...
Plant Structure 1 The ability of molecules of one substance to stick to
... Tip of shoots and roots of plants. Area of active cell division (mitosis) which produces ‘simple’ cells which later undergo elongation and differentiation to give rise to the various plant tissues, e.g. xylem, phloem, etc. Leaf that has undergone changes in structure in order to adapt to its environ ...
... Tip of shoots and roots of plants. Area of active cell division (mitosis) which produces ‘simple’ cells which later undergo elongation and differentiation to give rise to the various plant tissues, e.g. xylem, phloem, etc. Leaf that has undergone changes in structure in order to adapt to its environ ...
General Biology II Lecture Plants Land Plants – monophyletic group
... 2 sperm travel through pollen tube – one fertilizes, other degenerates ...
... 2 sperm travel through pollen tube – one fertilizes, other degenerates ...
Unit 5 Homeostasis Study Guide Homeostasis: maintaining a
... Conifers: plants whose reproductive structure is a cone ...
... Conifers: plants whose reproductive structure is a cone ...
tour of a plant - RHSAPBiologyJacobs
... What is germination? What is required for germination? What is NOT required? ...
... What is germination? What is required for germination? What is NOT required? ...
Exam 3 Review Answers - Iowa State University
... 25. What are the 3 types of organs in a plant? a) Stems b) Leaves c) Roots 26. Vegetative growth is a) Determinate. b) Indeterminate. c) Increases the size of the shoot and roots system. d) A and C. e) B and C. 27. Describe apical-basal polarity in plants. -Meristems at the roots and shoots grow in ...
... 25. What are the 3 types of organs in a plant? a) Stems b) Leaves c) Roots 26. Vegetative growth is a) Determinate. b) Indeterminate. c) Increases the size of the shoot and roots system. d) A and C. e) B and C. 27. Describe apical-basal polarity in plants. -Meristems at the roots and shoots grow in ...
Consortium for Educational Communication
... organism, usually as a result of an increase in the number of cells; the process of growing; full development; maturity; a stage of development. Homeotic genes: Genes that determine which parts of the body form what body parts; genes involved in developmental patterns; genes that are involved in emb ...
... organism, usually as a result of an increase in the number of cells; the process of growing; full development; maturity; a stage of development. Homeotic genes: Genes that determine which parts of the body form what body parts; genes involved in developmental patterns; genes that are involved in emb ...
Topic 8: Plant Responses (Ch. 39)
... one cell from first division is small with dense cytoplasm; divides rapidly and repeatedly to make a ball of cells; becomes embryo other cell from first division is larger; divides rapidly and repeatedly to make an elongated structure called suspensor; links embryo to nutrient tissue in seed r ...
... one cell from first division is small with dense cytoplasm; divides rapidly and repeatedly to make a ball of cells; becomes embryo other cell from first division is larger; divides rapidly and repeatedly to make an elongated structure called suspensor; links embryo to nutrient tissue in seed r ...
Topic 5: Cell Specialization and Organization
... Obtain their energy from a wide variety of foods Have __________ bodies Specialize functions and work in __________ with other cells ...
... Obtain their energy from a wide variety of foods Have __________ bodies Specialize functions and work in __________ with other cells ...
Plant Structure and Function
... areas of undifferentiated cells (stem cells) • Meristems can be apical (at the apex/ tip of a root or stem – to allow plants to grow taller or allow roots to extend throughout soil) or lateral (on the side (cambium) – to allow plants to grow outward/ become thicker) ...
... areas of undifferentiated cells (stem cells) • Meristems can be apical (at the apex/ tip of a root or stem – to allow plants to grow taller or allow roots to extend throughout soil) or lateral (on the side (cambium) – to allow plants to grow outward/ become thicker) ...
chapter 35 an introduction to flowering plants
... Central zone consists of stem cells that divide but remain undifferentiated Normal growth depends on maintaining normal size of central zone and SAM Central zone cells make CLAVATA3 that controls the size of the zone Loss of CLAVATA3 causes peripheral zone cells to become central zone cells ...
... Central zone consists of stem cells that divide but remain undifferentiated Normal growth depends on maintaining normal size of central zone and SAM Central zone cells make CLAVATA3 that controls the size of the zone Loss of CLAVATA3 causes peripheral zone cells to become central zone cells ...
35 Plant Anatomy
... Simple Plant Tissue Types • Tissues- cells with a common structure and function and specialized connections. • Parenchyma- Soft, rounded cells with thin primary cell walls, air spaces between cells – Many are Totipotent Cells- undifferentiated that ...
... Simple Plant Tissue Types • Tissues- cells with a common structure and function and specialized connections. • Parenchyma- Soft, rounded cells with thin primary cell walls, air spaces between cells – Many are Totipotent Cells- undifferentiated that ...
Meristem
A meristem is the tissue in most plants containing undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells), found in zones of the plant where growth can take place.Meristematic cells give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the plant growing. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) gives rise to organs like the leaves and flowers, while the root apical meristem (RAM) provides the meristematic cells for the future root growth. SAM and RAM cells divide rapidly and are considered indeterminate, in that they do not possess any defined end status. In that sense, the meristematic cells are frequently compared to the stem cells in animals, which have an analogous behavior and function.The term meristem was first used in 1858 by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli (1817–1891) in his book Beiträge zur Wissenschaftlichen Botanik. It is derived from the Greek word merizein (μερίζειν), meaning to divide, in recognition of its inherent function.In general, differentiated plant cells cannot divide or produce cells of a different type. Therefore, cell division in the meristem is required to provide new cells for expansion and differentiation of tissues and initiation of new organs, providing the basic structure of the plant body.Meristematic cells are incompletely or not at all differentiated, and are capable of continued cellular division (youthful). Furthermore, the cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or chromoplasts), although they are present in rudimentary form (proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very thin primary cell wall.Maintenance of the cells requires a balance between two antagonistic processes: organ initiation and stem cell population renewal.Apical meristems are the completely undifferentiated (indeterminate) meristems in a plant. These differentiate into three kinds of primary meristems. The primary meristems in turn produce the two secondary meristem types. These secondary meristems are also known as lateral meristems because they are involved in lateral growth.At the meristem summit, there is a small group of slowly dividing cells, which is commonly called the central zone. Cells of this zone have a stem cell function and are essential for meristem maintenance. The proliferation and growth rates at the meristem summit usually differ considerably from those at the periphery.Meristems also are induced in the roots of legumes such as soybean, Lotus japonicus, pea, and Medicago truncatula after infection with soil bacteria commonly called Rhizobium. Cells of the inner or outer cortex in the so-called ""window of nodulation"" just behind the developing root tip are induced to divide. The critical signal substance is the lipo-oligosaccharide Nod-factor, decorated with side groups to allow specificity of interaction. The Nod factor receptor proteins NFR1 and NFR5 were cloned from several legumes including Lotus japonicus, Medicago truncatula and soybean (Glycine max). Regulation of nodule meristems utilizes long distance regulation commonly called ""Autoregulation of Nodulation"" (AON). This process involves a leaf-vascular tissue located LRR receptor kinases (LjHAR1, GmNARK and MtSUNN), CLE peptide signalling, and KAPP interaction, similar to that seen in the CLV1,2,3 system. LjKLAVIER also exhibits a nodule regulation phenotype though it is not yet known how this relates to the other AON receptor kinases.