Download Exam 3 Review Answers - Iowa State University

Exam 3 Review
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Exam covers material in chapters 19.1, 19.2, 20.1,
20.3, 35, 36.1-36.3
1. Short tandem repeating sequences are
a) Coding regions of chromosomal DNA.
b) Found at specific locations in the genomes
of all species.
c) Non-coding sequences in bacterial DNA.
d) Non-coding regions of chromosomal DNA.
e) B and D only.
f) All the above.
2. What is a plasmid?
Circular DNA that originated in bacteria. Often used as
a vector.
3. Which are techniques used to make multiple copies
of a single gene?
a) PCR
b) Gel electrophoresis
c) Gene cloning
d) Gene therapy
e) A and C only
f) C and D only
4. Restriction enzymes
a) Cut DNA at specific sequences called
restriction sites.
b) Discovered by Wener Arber.
c) Are naturally present in bacteria to guard
against viral infection.
d) All of the above.
4. Give an example of a sticky end that could be
matched up with the following sticky end:
ACGTC
T
A
GCAGT
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Kali Disterhoft
BIOL 212 (2)
Dr.Kukday
10/27/14
a)
a plant seedling will bend away from the
light.
b) the hormone auxin will accumulate on the
side facing the light.
c) the side facing the light will grow more
slowly than the side away from the light.
d) the hormone auxin will slow growth on the
side of the seedling to which the hormone
accumulates.
e) All of the above.
9. What is the likely mechanism by which an enzymelinked receptor might transduce and amplify a signal
intracellularly?
a) By activating a protein kinase cascade.
b) b. By degrading a repressor.
c) c. By upregulating the expression of a
transporter.
10.Which is correct?
a) System > tissue > cell > organ
b) Cell > tissue > organ > system
c) Organ > tissue > system > cell
d) System > organ > tissue > cell
11. What are the four types of animal tissue?
a) Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle
d) Nervous
12. Fertilization produces a
a) Oocyte
b) Zygote
c) Embryo
d) None of the above
13. Explain cell differentiation.
-The process by which cells develop specific
characteristics and functions
5. What is a method used to treat human diseases by
the introduction of cloned genes into cells?
-gene therapy
6. What are the 3 steps of PCR?
1. Denaturation
2. Primer annealing
3. Primer extension
7. Organisms that carry genes that were introduced
using molecular techniques are called?
a) Transgenics.
b) Recombinant DNA.
c) Mutants.
d) Genetically modified organisms.
e) Both B and D.
8.In response to unidirectional light …….. (finish the
sentence)
14. Stem cells are
a) pluripotent.
b) Undifferentiated cells.
c) Maintain their population.
d) All of the above.
15. Within an organism, what makes one cell type
different from another?
-They express different phenotypes.
16. Morphogens are
a) Molecules that disrupt normal development.
b) Molecules that convey positional
information.
c) Mutagenic agents that cause apoptosis.
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d)
e)
Receptors that allow cells to adhere to the
extracellular matrix.
Both a and c.
17.Which of the following genes do not play a role in
the process whereby segments are formed in the fruit
fly embryo?
a) Homeotic genes.
b) Gap genes.
c) Pair-rule genes.
d) Segment-polarity genes.
e) All of the above.
18. Some genes are on in all types of cells.
a) True
b) False
19. Name 3 characteristics of model organisms.
a) Small
b) Short Generation Time
c) There is an abundance of information on
them
20. All cells of an organism contain the same DNA and
the same set of genes.
a) True
b) False
21.
d)
e)
That it is not required for making ventral
structures.
None of the above.
23. Gametes are
a) Haploid
b) Diploid
24. Meristems
a) Are undifferentiated cells.
b) Have a self-renewing cell population.
c) Grow throughout life.
d) Occur at tips of shoots and roots.
e) All of the above.
25. What are the 3 types of organs in a plant?
a)
Stems
b)
Leaves
c)
Roots
26. Vegetative growth is
a) Determinate.
b) Indeterminate.
c) Increases the size of the shoot and roots
system.
d) A and C.
e) B and C.
27. Describe apical-basal polarity in plants.
-Meristems at the roots and shoots grow in opposite
directions.
28. Secondary growth in plants
a) Produces lateral meristems.
b) Includes the protoderm.
c) Increases the girth of stems and roots.
.
The figure shown above illustrates the expression
domains of homeotic genes in Arabidopsis. What
would the pattern of structures be (Whorl 1 to Whorl 4)
for a loss-of-function mutant in B?
A) Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Carpels
B) Sepals, Sepals, Stamens, Stamens
C) Sepals, Sepals, Carpels, Carpels
D) Carpels, Stamens, Stamens, Carpels
22.A loss-of-function mutation in a Drosophila
melanogaster gene called dorsal causes a pattern defect
in the fly embryo. Mutant embryos are completely
dorsalized; that is, dorsal structures form where there
should be ventral structures. What does this tell us
about the normal function of the dorsal+ gene?
a) That it is required for producing dorsal
structures.
b) That it is not required for producing dorsal
structures.
c) That it is required for making ventral
structures.
29.Where would you look to find the gametophyte
generation of a flowering plant?
a) At the shoot apical meristem.
b) At the root apical meristem.
c) In seeds.
d) In flower parts.
e) Flowering plants lack a gametophyte
generation.
30.Shoot apical meristems are……(Finish the
sentence)
a) totipotent stem cells
b) pluripotent stem cells
c) bipotent stem cells
d) determined cells
e) All of the above
f) None of the above
31. Expansins do what in plants?
-They unzip cross-linking cell-wall polysaccharides so
the cell can stretch.
32. Which is not true about Bicoid:
a) is a morphogen that regulates Drosophila
embryo polarity
b) the gene is transcribed in nurse cells and
transported into anterior end of Oocyte
c)
d)
is a transcription factor
Mutation of its genes leads to embryos with
two heads
33.
38. Thigmotropism in plants
a)
Is a response to light.
b)
Is a response to gravity.
c)
Is a response to touch.
d)
Is a response to rain.
39. Cytokinins..
The figure above illustrates the activation and
inactivation of a G protein-coupled receptor. If a
nonhydrolyzable form of GTP, a form that does not
loose the terminal phosphate group to form GDP, was
added to cells, which of the following would be true?
a)
Help fruit ripening.
b)
Promote cell division.
c)
Promote seed germination.
d)
All the above.
40. What are the 3 types of cell surface receptors?
a)
G-protein linked
A)The ligand would not bind to the receptor.
b)
Enzyme linked
B)The αβγ subunits of the G protein would not
dissociate.
c)
Ligand linked
C)Once activated, signaling through the receptor
would continue for a longer time than normal.
D)None of the above
41. Can large, hydrophilic ligands enter the cell?
a)
Yes
b)
No
E)All of the above
34. What is the difference between estrogen-mediated
response and glucocorticoid meditated response?
-estrogen-mediated response receptors are found on the
nuclear membrane. Glucocorticoid-mediated responses
receptors are in the cytoplasm.
35. What is the role of caspses in the cell?
-Caspses breakdown cellular components after
apoptosis
36. What are the 3 stages of plant signal transduction?
a)
Receptor activation
b)
Signal transduction
c)
Response
37. The major signaling molecule in plants is
a)
Abscisc acid
b)
Auxin
c)
Ethylene
d)
Gibberellic acid
42. What is the importance of cAMP?
cAMP is a secondary messenger that helps in making a
response signal quick and fast.