ENSO and greenhouse warming
... The frequency of extreme La Niña is also expected to increase in response to more extreme El Niños, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. ENSO-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emission ...
... The frequency of extreme La Niña is also expected to increase in response to more extreme El Niños, an accelerated maritime continent warming and surface-intensified ocean warming. ENSO-related catastrophic weather events are thus likely to occur more frequently with unabated greenhouse-gas emission ...
Kiribati
... sea level rise. From Kiribati standpoint, these gaps contribute more to the vulnerability of these atolls, rather than alleviating it. There is a growing sense in Kiribati that they should do what they can to mitigate and adapt to impacts of climate change. The strategies identified are in the energ ...
... sea level rise. From Kiribati standpoint, these gaps contribute more to the vulnerability of these atolls, rather than alleviating it. There is a growing sense in Kiribati that they should do what they can to mitigate and adapt to impacts of climate change. The strategies identified are in the energ ...
Final Report Climate change and Wetlands.doc
... Climate has an overall role in controlling physical, chemical and biological processes and species composition in ecosystems, affecting their ecological structure, function and biodiversity. Significant and persistent changes in both the mean and the variability of climate variables determine the im ...
... Climate has an overall role in controlling physical, chemical and biological processes and species composition in ecosystems, affecting their ecological structure, function and biodiversity. Significant and persistent changes in both the mean and the variability of climate variables determine the im ...
Chapter 6- Canada in a Changing Climate: Sector Perspectives on
... many locations, differential range shifts among species are likely to result in novel ecosystems. Phenological mismatches occur when shifts in the timing of life cycle events differ between dependent species and, as an example, can result in migrating species arriving at a site after the peak prey a ...
... many locations, differential range shifts among species are likely to result in novel ecosystems. Phenological mismatches occur when shifts in the timing of life cycle events differ between dependent species and, as an example, can result in migrating species arriving at a site after the peak prey a ...
Download the full paper
... Analytic Integrated Assessment and Uncertainty GAUVAL is the first closed-form IAM incorporating a full climate change model comprising (i) a standard carbon cycle model, (ii) the physical non-linearity in the response of radiative forcing to atmospheric CO2 accumulation (“greenhouse effect”), and ...
... Analytic Integrated Assessment and Uncertainty GAUVAL is the first closed-form IAM incorporating a full climate change model comprising (i) a standard carbon cycle model, (ii) the physical non-linearity in the response of radiative forcing to atmospheric CO2 accumulation (“greenhouse effect”), and ...
Black Carbon A Review and Policy Recommendations Authors
... integrate air quality and climate mitigation efforts, with a focus on black carbon. The group set out to address that need and hopes it has succeeded in offering recommendations that will be useful to the EPA as it confronts growing challenges in air quality and climate change. In developing the rep ...
... integrate air quality and climate mitigation efforts, with a focus on black carbon. The group set out to address that need and hopes it has succeeded in offering recommendations that will be useful to the EPA as it confronts growing challenges in air quality and climate change. In developing the rep ...
Climate Change Impacts on Wetlands in Victoria and Implications for
... Climate has an overall role in controlling physical, chemical and biological processes and species composition in ecosystems, affecting their ecological structure, function and biodiversity. Significant and persistent changes in both the mean and the variability of climate variables determine the im ...
... Climate has an overall role in controlling physical, chemical and biological processes and species composition in ecosystems, affecting their ecological structure, function and biodiversity. Significant and persistent changes in both the mean and the variability of climate variables determine the im ...
A 1000 year history of atmospheric sulfate concentrations in
... and absorbing radiation, as well as through indirect effects that alter cloud cover and cloud albedo [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2001]. It has been suggested that their effects might be sufficient to moderate the positive forcing by anthropogenic greenhouse gases on regional s ...
... and absorbing radiation, as well as through indirect effects that alter cloud cover and cloud albedo [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2001]. It has been suggested that their effects might be sufficient to moderate the positive forcing by anthropogenic greenhouse gases on regional s ...
couverture IRIS_out - Memorial University
... well as treeline expansion, but not in a uniform way. Research has documented an increasing trend in birch and willow cover, as well as an altitudinal expansion of larch. With the improved growing conditions (such as increased summer temperatures and Growing Degree Days (GDD)) favouring increased vi ...
... well as treeline expansion, but not in a uniform way. Research has documented an increasing trend in birch and willow cover, as well as an altitudinal expansion of larch. With the improved growing conditions (such as increased summer temperatures and Growing Degree Days (GDD)) favouring increased vi ...
"migration with dignity": towards a new zealand response to climate
... lead to the displacement of millions of people.3 In fact, this has already begun. In 2012, an estimated 32.4 million people were displaced by natural disasters – 98 per cent of which were climate and weather related events.4 Habitation in many parts of the world is becoming increasingly challenging. ...
... lead to the displacement of millions of people.3 In fact, this has already begun. In 2012, an estimated 32.4 million people were displaced by natural disasters – 98 per cent of which were climate and weather related events.4 Habitation in many parts of the world is becoming increasingly challenging. ...
Open Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations
... to equip nations to become resilient to the full range of these natural phenomena by promoting economic growth and wealth generation. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued increasingly alarming conclusions about the climatic influences of human-produced carbo ...
... to equip nations to become resilient to the full range of these natural phenomena by promoting economic growth and wealth generation. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has issued increasingly alarming conclusions about the climatic influences of human-produced carbo ...
Exceptional twentieth-century slowdown in Atlantic
... LIA reflects a response to natural volcanic and solar forcing15–17 , and if anything this surface cooling strengthened the AMOC at least during the first part of the LIA. The fact that LIA coldness seems to have been even more pronounced in South America than in Europe18 further argues against a wea ...
... LIA reflects a response to natural volcanic and solar forcing15–17 , and if anything this surface cooling strengthened the AMOC at least during the first part of the LIA. The fact that LIA coldness seems to have been even more pronounced in South America than in Europe18 further argues against a wea ...
A comparison of structural and behavioural adaptations to future
... Due to the nature of the models used to produce climate change projections there is a level of uncertainty in the possible levels of future climate change. In the UK this uncertainty has been represented in the latest set of future climate projections UKCP09 [13] released by the UK Climate Impacts ...
... Due to the nature of the models used to produce climate change projections there is a level of uncertainty in the possible levels of future climate change. In the UK this uncertainty has been represented in the latest set of future climate projections UKCP09 [13] released by the UK Climate Impacts ...
13372001
... There is near undisputed scientific consensus that the rising atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases owing to human activities will cause warming (and other climatic changes) at Earth’s surface. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) revealed an increase in world average tempera ...
... There is near undisputed scientific consensus that the rising atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases owing to human activities will cause warming (and other climatic changes) at Earth’s surface. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) revealed an increase in world average tempera ...
Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and
... averaged temperatures being lower than expected from greenhouse gas concentrations alone. ...
... averaged temperatures being lower than expected from greenhouse gas concentrations alone. ...
Sustainability, Past and Future: Ten Propositions on the Emerging
... “Sustainability” did not appear in any book title until 1976, but there were many related ideas in the 1970s. A marked transition toward sustainability is now underway, driven by worsening climate change, with roughly 5,000 books and some 500 international organizations calling for sustainable socie ...
... “Sustainability” did not appear in any book title until 1976, but there were many related ideas in the 1970s. A marked transition toward sustainability is now underway, driven by worsening climate change, with roughly 5,000 books and some 500 international organizations calling for sustainable socie ...
Antarctic penguin response to habitat change as Earth`s troposphere
... others. Obviously, these were paradoxical at that time because certain key data were lacking, a gap that we will fill in the current paper. Our effort also complements that of Thatje et al. (2008), who, on the basis of sediment cores and other biophysical data, assessed the effects of ice conditions ...
... others. Obviously, these were paradoxical at that time because certain key data were lacking, a gap that we will fill in the current paper. Our effort also complements that of Thatje et al. (2008), who, on the basis of sediment cores and other biophysical data, assessed the effects of ice conditions ...
Doubled length of western European summer heat waves since 1880
... nized at the daily timescale by other studies (a total of 44 stations), 25 of these stations were homogenized using a new method [Della-Marta and Wanner, 2006] that is capable of correcting the mean and also the higher order moments of inhomogeneities typically found in instrumental series [Della-Ma ...
... nized at the daily timescale by other studies (a total of 44 stations), 25 of these stations were homogenized using a new method [Della-Marta and Wanner, 2006] that is capable of correcting the mean and also the higher order moments of inhomogeneities typically found in instrumental series [Della-Ma ...
Past and future conditions for polar stratospheric cloud formation
... the effects of the halogen loading (using the period 2080 to 2099 does not affect any of our discussion). Since there are three members of the ensemble, we have sixty years in each sample. The secular increase in carbon dioxide in the model runs is expected to lead to steady cooling above the tropos ...
... the effects of the halogen loading (using the period 2080 to 2099 does not affect any of our discussion). Since there are three members of the ensemble, we have sixty years in each sample. The secular increase in carbon dioxide in the model runs is expected to lead to steady cooling above the tropos ...
Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System
... averaged temperatures being lower than expected from greenhouse gas concentrations alone. ...
... averaged temperatures being lower than expected from greenhouse gas concentrations alone. ...
Working Paper 219 - Kessler (opens in new window)
... enter through the climate sensitivity parameter, and which correspond primarily to the “fast” feedbacks: namely, water vapour, temperature lapse rate, surface albedo and clouds. Many other feedback processes, such as, for instance, the thawing of permafrost carbon, changes in ocean circulation and t ...
... enter through the climate sensitivity parameter, and which correspond primarily to the “fast” feedbacks: namely, water vapour, temperature lapse rate, surface albedo and clouds. Many other feedback processes, such as, for instance, the thawing of permafrost carbon, changes in ocean circulation and t ...
Climate Change Knows No Borders
... can swell rivers, causing floods and devastation downstream whether in-country or transboundary. The Kedarnath tragedy, in which more than 5,700 people died as a result of flooding and landslides caused by a multi-day cloudburst in Uttarakhand province in Northern India, is one example. Lakes caused ...
... can swell rivers, causing floods and devastation downstream whether in-country or transboundary. The Kedarnath tragedy, in which more than 5,700 people died as a result of flooding and landslides caused by a multi-day cloudburst in Uttarakhand province in Northern India, is one example. Lakes caused ...
Climate Change in Africa
... given its passive role in Kyoto? Most analyses of the impacts of climate change that have influenced UNFCCC agreements focus on medium- to long-term projections of carbon emissions and forecasting models of global warming, and cover mainly countries and regions for which relevant data are readily av ...
... given its passive role in Kyoto? Most analyses of the impacts of climate change that have influenced UNFCCC agreements focus on medium- to long-term projections of carbon emissions and forecasting models of global warming, and cover mainly countries and regions for which relevant data are readily av ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.