Special Climate Change Program 2014-2018
... Mexico has made significant commitments in mitigation actions. The Climate Change General Law (LGCC) establishes the objective of cutting down emmissions 30% by the year 2020 with respect to the baseline, and 50% by 2050 compared to those registered in 2000. These objectives are ambitious, but the b ...
... Mexico has made significant commitments in mitigation actions. The Climate Change General Law (LGCC) establishes the objective of cutting down emmissions 30% by the year 2020 with respect to the baseline, and 50% by 2050 compared to those registered in 2000. These objectives are ambitious, but the b ...
![6 February 2007. This meeting[2] discussed a background](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/009902121_1-108b49c3565409d0074af4dff6c0bc18-300x300.png)
6 February 2007. This meeting[2] discussed a background
... degrees C° since the late 1800s4 and it is projected to increase by another 1.1 to 6.4 degrees C° by the year 2099. The sea level rose on average by 10 to 20 cm during the 20th century, and an additional increase of 0.18 to 0.59 cm is projected by the end of the current century5. Small Island Develo ...
... degrees C° since the late 1800s4 and it is projected to increase by another 1.1 to 6.4 degrees C° by the year 2099. The sea level rose on average by 10 to 20 cm during the 20th century, and an additional increase of 0.18 to 0.59 cm is projected by the end of the current century5. Small Island Develo ...
NRCan/CIP Projects and Initiatives on climate
... generally considered the authority on the subject. The IPCC does not do research of its own, but bases its reports on the peer-reviewed work of hundreds of climate scientists around the world. The IPCC and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December 2007. Several scien ...
... generally considered the authority on the subject. The IPCC does not do research of its own, but bases its reports on the peer-reviewed work of hundreds of climate scientists around the world. The IPCC and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December 2007. Several scien ...
Ecological controls on net ecosystem productivity of a seasonally dry
... Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of seasonally dry grasslands in Mediterranean climate zones is determined by the duration and intensity of rainy vs. dry seasons. Precipitation in these zones is expected to decline with climate change during the next century, possibly reducing NEP. Ecosystem models ...
... Net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of seasonally dry grasslands in Mediterranean climate zones is determined by the duration and intensity of rainy vs. dry seasons. Precipitation in these zones is expected to decline with climate change during the next century, possibly reducing NEP. Ecosystem models ...
Incorporating climate change and growth into the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction (opens in new window)
... The economic and human costs of disasters are rising. Since 1980, total economic losses from all natural perils globally have increased by $34 billion per decade (in real terms, Neumayer and Barthel, 2011). Increasing damages have been observed in most countries, but the greatest impacts, in terms o ...
... The economic and human costs of disasters are rising. Since 1980, total economic losses from all natural perils globally have increased by $34 billion per decade (in real terms, Neumayer and Barthel, 2011). Increasing damages have been observed in most countries, but the greatest impacts, in terms o ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Agave tequilana and Opuntia ficus-indica. Features of these plants that translate to WUE advantages over C3 and C4 bioenergy crops include nocturnal stomatal opening, rapid rectifier-like root hydraulic conductivity responses to fluctuating soil water potential and the capacity to buffer against per ...
... Agave tequilana and Opuntia ficus-indica. Features of these plants that translate to WUE advantages over C3 and C4 bioenergy crops include nocturnal stomatal opening, rapid rectifier-like root hydraulic conductivity responses to fluctuating soil water potential and the capacity to buffer against per ...
CESifo Working Paper 3959
... accommodate the costs incurred by an increase in average temperature in summer; pushing farmers to re-optimise their portfolio of inputs, the variety of their products and their production technologies more generally as a reaction to changes in temperature and in the quantity or timing of rainfall. ...
... accommodate the costs incurred by an increase in average temperature in summer; pushing farmers to re-optimise their portfolio of inputs, the variety of their products and their production technologies more generally as a reaction to changes in temperature and in the quantity or timing of rainfall. ...
Climate Change Impacts on International Seaports
... tween the port authority, which owns and maintains the infrastructure, and private firms, which handle the cargo. In a “landlord port,” the port authority owns the land and infrastructure, but leases it to private operating companies. Finally, the “private service port” is entirely owned and operate ...
... tween the port authority, which owns and maintains the infrastructure, and private firms, which handle the cargo. In a “landlord port,” the port authority owns the land and infrastructure, but leases it to private operating companies. Finally, the “private service port” is entirely owned and operate ...
THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE TOURISM SECTOR
... for tourism. Lise and Tol (2002), using cross-section data, undertook a cross-section analysis on tourists originating in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and found that the optimal temperature for their destination countries ranged from 21⁰C to 24⁰C. The impli ...
... for tourism. Lise and Tol (2002), using cross-section data, undertook a cross-section analysis on tourists originating in Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, and found that the optimal temperature for their destination countries ranged from 21⁰C to 24⁰C. The impli ...
Assessing the Risk of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline
... behaviour of the THC in the S-S model results in hysteresis – the change in the system from one stable equilibrium to another and then back along a different path. Why should there be an additional freshwater addition to the North Atlantic Ocean? The surface air temperature of central Greenland has ...
... behaviour of the THC in the S-S model results in hysteresis – the change in the system from one stable equilibrium to another and then back along a different path. Why should there be an additional freshwater addition to the North Atlantic Ocean? The surface air temperature of central Greenland has ...
36 - Ecology and Society
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
Agriculture and Climate Change in Kenya: Climate Chaos, Policy
... revolve around the main goals of transforming Kenya’s agricultural sector into an innovative, commercially oriented, competitive and modern industry for poverty reduction, improved food security and equity in rural and urban Kenya (GoK, 2010; ASDSP, 2011; ASDS, 2010). There is little mention of clim ...
... revolve around the main goals of transforming Kenya’s agricultural sector into an innovative, commercially oriented, competitive and modern industry for poverty reduction, improved food security and equity in rural and urban Kenya (GoK, 2010; ASDSP, 2011; ASDS, 2010). There is little mention of clim ...
volcanic eruptions and climate - Alan Robock
... H2O, N2, and CO2 being the most abundant. Over the lifetime of the Earth these gases have been the main source of the planet’s atmosphere and ocean, after the primitive atmosphere was lost to space. The water has condensed into the oceans, the CO2 has been changed by plants into O2, with some of the ...
... H2O, N2, and CO2 being the most abundant. Over the lifetime of the Earth these gases have been the main source of the planet’s atmosphere and ocean, after the primitive atmosphere was lost to space. The water has condensed into the oceans, the CO2 has been changed by plants into O2, with some of the ...
Here - Benjamin Blonder
... FIG. 2. Two ways to use our community climate framework across time. Consider a single community at different times, tinf and tobs. The community’s composition at any time tinf is shown as colored climate envelopes and centroids (null expectations in gray), while the trajectory of the observed clima ...
... FIG. 2. Two ways to use our community climate framework across time. Consider a single community at different times, tinf and tobs. The community’s composition at any time tinf is shown as colored climate envelopes and centroids (null expectations in gray), while the trajectory of the observed clima ...
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND CLIMATE
... H2O, N2, and CO2 being the most abundant. Over the lifetime of the Earth these gases have been the main source of the planet’s atmosphere and ocean, after the primitive atmosphere was lost to space. The water has condensed into the oceans, the CO2 has been changed by plants into O2, with some of the ...
... H2O, N2, and CO2 being the most abundant. Over the lifetime of the Earth these gases have been the main source of the planet’s atmosphere and ocean, after the primitive atmosphere was lost to space. The water has condensed into the oceans, the CO2 has been changed by plants into O2, with some of the ...
Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global
... 4N2K and 8N2K are the same as (1–4) but a uniform increase of 2 K in atmospheric temperature forcing is imposed. In the above simulations, changes in N deposition, CO2 and climate warming are imposed as step-function changes at the start of the simulations. It should be noted that we refer to 1N as ...
... 4N2K and 8N2K are the same as (1–4) but a uniform increase of 2 K in atmospheric temperature forcing is imposed. In the above simulations, changes in N deposition, CO2 and climate warming are imposed as step-function changes at the start of the simulations. It should be noted that we refer to 1N as ...
the Disclosure report 2016
... adopting bold climate policies and taking ambitious action. It is particularly heartening to see that some states and regions are already targeting net-zero emissions – or what others term climate neutrality – by mid-century. I would urge more states and regions around the world to join and start di ...
... adopting bold climate policies and taking ambitious action. It is particularly heartening to see that some states and regions are already targeting net-zero emissions – or what others term climate neutrality – by mid-century. I would urge more states and regions around the world to join and start di ...
Restoration of peatlands and greenhouse gas balances
... led to the drainage and extraction of over 12 000 ha of peatlands (Cleary et al., 2005) of Canada’s estimated 171 million ha of peatlands (Gorham, 1991). Drainage and extraction of peatlands create conditions that disturb the natural hydrological and carbon cycling regimes of the ecosystem. Block-cu ...
... led to the drainage and extraction of over 12 000 ha of peatlands (Cleary et al., 2005) of Canada’s estimated 171 million ha of peatlands (Gorham, 1991). Drainage and extraction of peatlands create conditions that disturb the natural hydrological and carbon cycling regimes of the ecosystem. Block-cu ...
Future changes in the supply of goods and services - Munin
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
... ABSTRACT. Humans depend on services provided by ecosystems, and how services are affected by climate change is increasingly studied. Few studies, however, address changes likely to affect services from seminatural ecosystems. We analyzed ecosystem goods and services in natural and seminatural system ...
Recent developments on the South American monsoon system
... for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin Project. The latter assesses atmosphere-land surface interactions, the role of land use changes and aerosols from biomass burning considered as sources of variability and change in the SAMS functioning, characteristics and behaviour. ...
... for Climate Change Assessment and Impact Studies in La Plata Basin Project. The latter assesses atmosphere-land surface interactions, the role of land use changes and aerosols from biomass burning considered as sources of variability and change in the SAMS functioning, characteristics and behaviour. ...
Climate change challenge badge
... for their group and should provide the required supervision to ensure all participants are safe and sound. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization ...
... for their group and should provide the required supervision to ensure all participants are safe and sound. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization ...
Understanding Farmers` Perceptions and Adaptations to
... Adaptation is widely recognized as a vital component of any policy response to climate change. Studies show that without adaptation, climate change is generally detrimental to the agriculture sector; but with adaptation, vulnerability can largely be reduced (Easterling et al. 1993; Rosenzweig and Pa ...
... Adaptation is widely recognized as a vital component of any policy response to climate change. Studies show that without adaptation, climate change is generally detrimental to the agriculture sector; but with adaptation, vulnerability can largely be reduced (Easterling et al. 1993; Rosenzweig and Pa ...
Full-Text PDF
... the Himalayan region, which is more sensitive than other land surfaces of the same latitude [1,3], is experiencing warming [4] with greater magnitude than the global average [5,6]. The Himalayan region, also known as the water tower of Asia, plays an important role in regional climate, most particul ...
... the Himalayan region, which is more sensitive than other land surfaces of the same latitude [1,3], is experiencing warming [4] with greater magnitude than the global average [5,6]. The Himalayan region, also known as the water tower of Asia, plays an important role in regional climate, most particul ...
Our Nation’s Air United States Environmental
... other weather conditions due to climate change, may lead to even higher air pollution levels. In addition to GHGs, other pollutants contribute to climate change. Black carbon (BC), a component of particle pollution, directly absorbs incoming and reflected solar radiation and reduces reflection of su ...
... other weather conditions due to climate change, may lead to even higher air pollution levels. In addition to GHGs, other pollutants contribute to climate change. Black carbon (BC), a component of particle pollution, directly absorbs incoming and reflected solar radiation and reduces reflection of su ...
Impacts of Climate Related Geo-engineering on Biological
... of new technologies. (Sections 2.1-2.2)4 ...
... of new technologies. (Sections 2.1-2.2)4 ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.