Adaptation planning for climate change
... change observed so far has had substantial impacts on many natural and social systems (Casassa and Rosenzweig 2007). Second, climate will continue to change for the foreseeable future. As a result of accumulation of greenhouse gases emitted in the past and the inertia of the climate system, the rate ...
... change observed so far has had substantial impacts on many natural and social systems (Casassa and Rosenzweig 2007). Second, climate will continue to change for the foreseeable future. As a result of accumulation of greenhouse gases emitted in the past and the inertia of the climate system, the rate ...
Climate Extremes Communications Guidebook
... It is important to understand the basic description of commonly used terminology in climate science, including the terms “weather”, “climate”, and “climate extremes”. The World Meteorological Organization states that “on the simplest level, the weather is what is happening in the atmosphere at any g ...
... It is important to understand the basic description of commonly used terminology in climate science, including the terms “weather”, “climate”, and “climate extremes”. The World Meteorological Organization states that “on the simplest level, the weather is what is happening in the atmosphere at any g ...
Carbon Market Crossroads
... Scientists now believe that absent a major change of course, the planet will warm 4 degrees Celsius by 2100.1 Climate change on that scale would trigger severe economic, environmental, and social disruptions. The global community would become more fractured and unequal than today, and human sufferin ...
... Scientists now believe that absent a major change of course, the planet will warm 4 degrees Celsius by 2100.1 Climate change on that scale would trigger severe economic, environmental, and social disruptions. The global community would become more fractured and unequal than today, and human sufferin ...
Interpretation of tropical thermocline cooling
... the importance of wave processes and wind stress curl on the sea level variations in the Pacific Ocean, although their focus is on seasonal-to-interannual timescales. [15] In the equatorial region where quasi-geostrophic approximation is not valid, zonal wind anomalies during 1990s are westerlies in ...
... the importance of wave processes and wind stress curl on the sea level variations in the Pacific Ocean, although their focus is on seasonal-to-interannual timescales. [15] In the equatorial region where quasi-geostrophic approximation is not valid, zonal wind anomalies during 1990s are westerlies in ...
Communication for Climate Change Multi
... Connect4Climate Advocacy Initiatives ................................................................................... 40 Film4Climate ........................................................................................................................... 40 Sport4Climate............... ...
... Connect4Climate Advocacy Initiatives ................................................................................... 40 Film4Climate ........................................................................................................................... 40 Sport4Climate............... ...
References and Index - UN
... C. Tacoli (2009) ‘Social aspects of climate change in urban areas in low- and middle-income nations’, Paper prepared for the Fifth Urban Research Symposium, Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda, 28–30 June, Marseille, France Bastianoni, S., F. Pulselli and E. Tiezzi (2004) ‘The ...
... C. Tacoli (2009) ‘Social aspects of climate change in urban areas in low- and middle-income nations’, Paper prepared for the Fifth Urban Research Symposium, Cities and Climate Change: Responding to an Urgent Agenda, 28–30 June, Marseille, France Bastianoni, S., F. Pulselli and E. Tiezzi (2004) ‘The ...
Soils and Climate Change: Gas Fluxes and Soil Processes
... relationships. Knowledge of the response of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 given limitations in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and associated effects on soil organic matter dynamics is a critical need. There is also a great need for a better understanding of how soil organisms will respo ...
... relationships. Knowledge of the response of plants to elevated atmospheric CO2 given limitations in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus and associated effects on soil organic matter dynamics is a critical need. There is also a great need for a better understanding of how soil organisms will respo ...
Buds, Leaves, and Global Warming – the Harvard Forest Project
... ARM data – step-by-step demo first Progression of Leaf Fall in One Tree Over Time ...
... ARM data – step-by-step demo first Progression of Leaf Fall in One Tree Over Time ...
a chapter for the Handbook of Macroeconomics
... potentially react to resource scarcity by saving on the scarce resource instead of saving on other inputs. Thus, we apply the notion of “directed technical change” in this context and propose it as an interesting avenue for conducting further macroeconomic research within the area of sustainability ...
... potentially react to resource scarcity by saving on the scarce resource instead of saving on other inputs. Thus, we apply the notion of “directed technical change” in this context and propose it as an interesting avenue for conducting further macroeconomic research within the area of sustainability ...
overcoming barriers to the adoption of climate-friendly
... historically responding to a myriad of factors including market prices, consumer demand as well as changing weather, where “adaptation is the norm rather than the exception” (Rosenzweig and Tubiello 2007, p. 860). On the other hand, agriculture is seen as being very resistant to change, constrained ...
... historically responding to a myriad of factors including market prices, consumer demand as well as changing weather, where “adaptation is the norm rather than the exception” (Rosenzweig and Tubiello 2007, p. 860). On the other hand, agriculture is seen as being very resistant to change, constrained ...
Primary impacts of climate change on the cryosphere
... This Technical Paper presents an assessment of the impacts of recent and projected changes in climate on the cryosphere (ice, snow, and permafrost) in Europe, and of the societal relevance of these changes. This paper was prepared by the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (UBA-D) in clo ...
... This Technical Paper presents an assessment of the impacts of recent and projected changes in climate on the cryosphere (ice, snow, and permafrost) in Europe, and of the societal relevance of these changes. This paper was prepared by the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (UBA-D) in clo ...
Deadly Waters: How Rising Seas Threaten 233 Endangered Species
... Sea levels worldwide are rising as warming temperatures melt ice sheets and glaciers and expand ocean water. Sea level rose 8 inches during the past century, and the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating as the world warms.1 Globally, an average of 3 to 4 feet of sea-level rise is expected in this ...
... Sea levels worldwide are rising as warming temperatures melt ice sheets and glaciers and expand ocean water. Sea level rose 8 inches during the past century, and the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating as the world warms.1 Globally, an average of 3 to 4 feet of sea-level rise is expected in this ...
Deadly Waters - Center for Biological Diversity
... Sea levels worldwide are rising as warming temperatures melt ice sheets and glaciers and expand ocean water. Sea level rose 8 inches during the past century, and the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating as the world warms.1 Globally, an average of 3 to 4 feet of sea-level rise is expected in this ...
... Sea levels worldwide are rising as warming temperatures melt ice sheets and glaciers and expand ocean water. Sea level rose 8 inches during the past century, and the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating as the world warms.1 Globally, an average of 3 to 4 feet of sea-level rise is expected in this ...
Spring 2008 Summary
... pressure brought on by quadrupled CO2 in the atmosphere. In the fall 2007 semester, we developed QQ-plots for individual grid boxes of the CM2.1 climate model over the United States, where we also plotted a line corresponding to an increase in precipitation expected if precipitation were to increase ...
... pressure brought on by quadrupled CO2 in the atmosphere. In the fall 2007 semester, we developed QQ-plots for individual grid boxes of the CM2.1 climate model over the United States, where we also plotted a line corresponding to an increase in precipitation expected if precipitation were to increase ...
VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE
... SIDS are located mainly in tropical and sub-tropical oceans. Their climate is influenced strongly by ocean-atmosphere interactions which often manifest themselves in extreme weather events such as hurricanes and cyclones. These events are associated with storm surges, coral bleaching, inundation of ...
... SIDS are located mainly in tropical and sub-tropical oceans. Their climate is influenced strongly by ocean-atmosphere interactions which often manifest themselves in extreme weather events such as hurricanes and cyclones. These events are associated with storm surges, coral bleaching, inundation of ...
Assessing pricing assumptions for weather index insurance in a changing climate
... insurance (WII). For area yield index insurance, ‘‘the indemnity is based on the realised average yield of an area such as a county or district, not the actual yield of the insured party’’, while for WII, ‘‘the indemnity is based on realisations of a specific weather parameter measured over a pre-spe ...
... insurance (WII). For area yield index insurance, ‘‘the indemnity is based on the realised average yield of an area such as a county or district, not the actual yield of the insured party’’, while for WII, ‘‘the indemnity is based on realisations of a specific weather parameter measured over a pre-spe ...
Climate Relicts: Past, Present, Future
... Given the that current global climate is warmer than throughout most of the Pleistocene and further warming seems unavoidable (IPCC 2007), we refer primarily to “cold” relicts, that is, those populations that persist under relatively cooler and more humid microclimatic conditions within a warmer and ...
... Given the that current global climate is warmer than throughout most of the Pleistocene and further warming seems unavoidable (IPCC 2007), we refer primarily to “cold” relicts, that is, those populations that persist under relatively cooler and more humid microclimatic conditions within a warmer and ...
Climate Change, Natural Disasters and Migration
... responsible for an increase in food prices, disease, and consequently an increase in health expenditure. Moreover, populations have to deal with the issue of water, the most climate sensitive economic resource for these countries. In South Asia, for example, climate change will increase rainfall and ...
... responsible for an increase in food prices, disease, and consequently an increase in health expenditure. Moreover, populations have to deal with the issue of water, the most climate sensitive economic resource for these countries. In South Asia, for example, climate change will increase rainfall and ...
FINAL DRAFT IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 24 Subject to Final Copyedit
... and affect many people in future. Integrated water management strategies could help adapt to climate change, including developing water saving technologies, increasing water productivity, and water reuse. The impacts of climate change on food production and food security in Asia will vary by region ...
... and affect many people in future. Integrated water management strategies could help adapt to climate change, including developing water saving technologies, increasing water productivity, and water reuse. The impacts of climate change on food production and food security in Asia will vary by region ...
The earTh ScienTiST - Galen McKinley
... spring was the warmest on record in the US since record keeping began in 1895, with tens of thousands of records falling to date. The last 12 months have been the warmest on record. According to NASA, the global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880, continuing a trend ...
... spring was the warmest on record in the US since record keeping began in 1895, with tens of thousands of records falling to date. The last 12 months have been the warmest on record. According to NASA, the global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880, continuing a trend ...
What Is El Niño? - Gulf of Maine Aquarium
... Sheet 3: World Map, showing where different El Niño impacts have occurred. Students should create a color-coded key (using the colored pencils) for each type of event, such as a fish with a circle and line through it to indicate fish kills. For ideas for creating map symbols, refer students to EARTH ...
... Sheet 3: World Map, showing where different El Niño impacts have occurred. Students should create a color-coded key (using the colored pencils) for each type of event, such as a fish with a circle and line through it to indicate fish kills. For ideas for creating map symbols, refer students to EARTH ...
Climate Relicts: Past, Present, Future
... Given the that current global climate is warmer than throughout most of the Pleistocene and further warming seems unavoidable (IPCC 2007), we refer primarily to “cold” relicts, that is, those populations that persist under relatively cooler and more humid microclimatic conditions within a warmer and ...
... Given the that current global climate is warmer than throughout most of the Pleistocene and further warming seems unavoidable (IPCC 2007), we refer primarily to “cold” relicts, that is, those populations that persist under relatively cooler and more humid microclimatic conditions within a warmer and ...
Potential climate-change impacts on the Chesapeake Bay
... emissions (Fig. 2), but also because of poorly understood feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. However, it is virtually certain that CO2 levels will continue to increase throughout the 21st century. Surface water CO2 changes are expected to closely track atmospheric CO2 changes, leading t ...
... emissions (Fig. 2), but also because of poorly understood feedbacks between climate and the carbon cycle. However, it is virtually certain that CO2 levels will continue to increase throughout the 21st century. Surface water CO2 changes are expected to closely track atmospheric CO2 changes, leading t ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.