The Critical Decade: Tasmanian impacts and
... and there has been greater variability in rainfall year-toyear since 1975 (Grose et al., 2010; BOM/ACSC, 2011). These changes – warmer temperatures and changing rainfall – are expected to continue. The number of days warmer than 25°C is projected to double or triple in most regions of Tasmania. Some ...
... and there has been greater variability in rainfall year-toyear since 1975 (Grose et al., 2010; BOM/ACSC, 2011). These changes – warmer temperatures and changing rainfall – are expected to continue. The number of days warmer than 25°C is projected to double or triple in most regions of Tasmania. Some ...
The Framing of Climate Change * The View from Alberta and Beyond
... how do design choices shape how and to what degree citizen deliberations influence policy? And, how and to what degree does participation in formal deliberations shape citizen capacity to act? ...
... how do design choices shape how and to what degree citizen deliberations influence policy? And, how and to what degree does participation in formal deliberations shape citizen capacity to act? ...
1 introduction to atmosphere and climate
... particles, and small amounts of other gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane (0.1%) (Twomey, 1977). These gases can either be free in the air or associated with water vapour. Of the trace gases present in the atmosphere, water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas as it allow ...
... particles, and small amounts of other gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane (0.1%) (Twomey, 1977). These gases can either be free in the air or associated with water vapour. Of the trace gases present in the atmosphere, water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas as it allow ...
The São Paulo Proposal for an Improved International Climate Agreement
... Kyoto Protocol, where the United States and a few other non-signatory countries do not participate. The Copenhagen Accord may constitute a third track. Ideally, there would be a single agreement that covers all countries that is implemented through one or more legal instruments, such as an amendment ...
... Kyoto Protocol, where the United States and a few other non-signatory countries do not participate. The Copenhagen Accord may constitute a third track. Ideally, there would be a single agreement that covers all countries that is implemented through one or more legal instruments, such as an amendment ...
Global Warming Is A Hoax!
... highly qualified nongovernmental, non-industry, nonlobby group climate experts who contest the hypothesis that human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing significant global climate change. "Climate experts" is the operative term here. Why? Because what Gore's "majority of scientists" think ...
... highly qualified nongovernmental, non-industry, nonlobby group climate experts who contest the hypothesis that human emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are causing significant global climate change. "Climate experts" is the operative term here. Why? Because what Gore's "majority of scientists" think ...
The obscure future of the Kyoto protocol - Hal-SHS
... During the 2nd MOP, which was held in 2006 at Nairobi, jointly with the 12th COP, the AWG-KP meetings did not lead to the definition of commitments for an eventual PK 2. While negotiations continued under the leadership of AWG-KP, the Bali action plan, adopted in 2007 at the end of the 13th COP, ope ...
... During the 2nd MOP, which was held in 2006 at Nairobi, jointly with the 12th COP, the AWG-KP meetings did not lead to the definition of commitments for an eventual PK 2. While negotiations continued under the leadership of AWG-KP, the Bali action plan, adopted in 2007 at the end of the 13th COP, ope ...
Vulnerability Assessment
... decentralization, the spread of epidemics. • Reducing vulnerability (then) involves altering the context in which climate change occurs. ...
... decentralization, the spread of epidemics. • Reducing vulnerability (then) involves altering the context in which climate change occurs. ...
greenhouse - viXra.org
... 2009). In fact, it isn’t, unless you whitewash the roof of the greenhouse to simulate increases in cloud cover due to the evaporation of water from oceans! A greenhouse is a false model for CO2 effects, because unlike a greenhouse the earth’s surface area is 70% water, which evaporates faster when C ...
... 2009). In fact, it isn’t, unless you whitewash the roof of the greenhouse to simulate increases in cloud cover due to the evaporation of water from oceans! A greenhouse is a false model for CO2 effects, because unlike a greenhouse the earth’s surface area is 70% water, which evaporates faster when C ...
Biodiversity, climate, and the Kyoto Protocol
... the land is already covered by forests, projects are likely to be ineligible for reforestanoted in the IPCC Third Assessment Report, nitrogen tion credit, according to the most recent Marrakesh fertilizers used in tropical ecosystems (which are often Accords, since they are already considered to be ...
... the land is already covered by forests, projects are likely to be ineligible for reforestanoted in the IPCC Third Assessment Report, nitrogen tion credit, according to the most recent Marrakesh fertilizers used in tropical ecosystems (which are often Accords, since they are already considered to be ...
2. The Irish Response to Climate Change
... There was little reluctance in signing up to the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol. Ireland, as part of the European Union, ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002.4 This came long before the 55% emissions threshold was reached and offered fresh impetus to the ratification process. Ireland is listed as an An ...
... There was little reluctance in signing up to the UNFCCC or the Kyoto Protocol. Ireland, as part of the European Union, ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2002.4 This came long before the 55% emissions threshold was reached and offered fresh impetus to the ratification process. Ireland is listed as an An ...
climate in change nature and society challanges for the barents
... hurricanes. At the same time the sea level is rising, because warmer water demands more space and because inland ice in the Arctic is melting. Human activities, with high fossil fuel consumption, intense land-use and changes in use of area have resulted in the present concentrations of greenhouse ga ...
... hurricanes. At the same time the sea level is rising, because warmer water demands more space and because inland ice in the Arctic is melting. Human activities, with high fossil fuel consumption, intense land-use and changes in use of area have resulted in the present concentrations of greenhouse ga ...
High impact, low probability (revised for Climatic Change)
... frequency distributions in box 10.2 (Meehl, Stocker et al. 2007, p798) reveals that, in most if not indeed all cases, they have a positive skew, with a long tail of high estimates. These tails can be attributed to uncertainty about feedbacks, related for example to clouds and water vapour, and about ...
... frequency distributions in box 10.2 (Meehl, Stocker et al. 2007, p798) reveals that, in most if not indeed all cases, they have a positive skew, with a long tail of high estimates. These tails can be attributed to uncertainty about feedbacks, related for example to clouds and water vapour, and about ...
1 The Politics of the Carbon Economy Peter Newell and Matthew
... But the immediate effect of increased interest rates was what became known as the debt crisis. In a period of two years, ‘real’ interest rates (actual interest rate minus inflation) in the US and UK went from 1.4% to 8.6%. In the meantime, developing countries had borrowed significant amounts of mon ...
... But the immediate effect of increased interest rates was what became known as the debt crisis. In a period of two years, ‘real’ interest rates (actual interest rate minus inflation) in the US and UK went from 1.4% to 8.6%. In the meantime, developing countries had borrowed significant amounts of mon ...
Tackling climate change at the local level
... because if we are to avoid climate change we must start cutting emissions immediately and sustain those cuts for at least the first half of this century. Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for many years - so it is not the level of emissions in the year 2050, but the total emissions by that y ...
... because if we are to avoid climate change we must start cutting emissions immediately and sustain those cuts for at least the first half of this century. Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for many years - so it is not the level of emissions in the year 2050, but the total emissions by that y ...
Infosylva Special COP 17
... contaminantes se comprometan a reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y se liberen fondos para los países más afectados por el calentamiento global. Kenyan activist lauded at COP17 The Mercury, 08/12/11 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai’s memory was honoured at an event on the sid ...
... contaminantes se comprometan a reducir emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y se liberen fondos para los países más afectados por el calentamiento global. Kenyan activist lauded at COP17 The Mercury, 08/12/11 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Wangari Maathai’s memory was honoured at an event on the sid ...
Teacher Pages
... Climate scientists generally agree that global warming is occurring and that it corresponds with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from fossil-fuel combustion. Scientists have a broader range of ideas, however, about what the effects of this warming will be. This i ...
... Climate scientists generally agree that global warming is occurring and that it corresponds with an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from fossil-fuel combustion. Scientists have a broader range of ideas, however, about what the effects of this warming will be. This i ...
Policy Instruments and Achievement of Global Greenhouse Gas
... who should be responsible for reducing emissions, what types of emission reductions should be allowed, and what types of sequestration activities should be given credit. The question of who should be responsible for emissions reductions is a very interesting philosophical and ethical issue. The deve ...
... who should be responsible for reducing emissions, what types of emission reductions should be allowed, and what types of sequestration activities should be given credit. The question of who should be responsible for emissions reductions is a very interesting philosophical and ethical issue. The deve ...
natural solutions to climate change
... IPCC estimates that up to 25 percent of all emissions reductions needed by 2050 could be achieved by protecting and restoring forests and other natural ecosystems. Such nature-based solutions are immediate and cost-effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance resilience to climate c ...
... IPCC estimates that up to 25 percent of all emissions reductions needed by 2050 could be achieved by protecting and restoring forests and other natural ecosystems. Such nature-based solutions are immediate and cost-effective ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance resilience to climate c ...
Volcanic Impacts on Short- and Long-Term Climate
... only one year. Therefore, they suggest that the cooling in the second year is evident, whether the ENSO signal is removed or not. This idea would rather suggest that the summer of 1784 would have been colder than the one of 1783. Reduction of Diurnal Cycle: As mentioned before, volcanic eruptions pu ...
... only one year. Therefore, they suggest that the cooling in the second year is evident, whether the ENSO signal is removed or not. This idea would rather suggest that the summer of 1784 would have been colder than the one of 1783. Reduction of Diurnal Cycle: As mentioned before, volcanic eruptions pu ...
Paris, for the People and the Planet
... Pope Francis’ Encyclical Letter on Care for Our Common Home.1 This calls on governments to consider the moral dimension of political decision, placing the poorest communities who are suffering the most from climate change impacts at the centre of the debate. This report outlines CIDSE’s vision for w ...
... Pope Francis’ Encyclical Letter on Care for Our Common Home.1 This calls on governments to consider the moral dimension of political decision, placing the poorest communities who are suffering the most from climate change impacts at the centre of the debate. This report outlines CIDSE’s vision for w ...
Motions of the Ocean: Climate Change, Tides, and Changing Seas
... with longer-term climate data for their community. Weather is a specific event or condition that happens over a period of hours or days (local and temporary). Climate is average weather conditions in a place over many years, usually at least 30 years (long-term). Global climate change are patterns o ...
... with longer-term climate data for their community. Weather is a specific event or condition that happens over a period of hours or days (local and temporary). Climate is average weather conditions in a place over many years, usually at least 30 years (long-term). Global climate change are patterns o ...
Englisch - Center for Security Studies
... (3) to develop effective national adaptation strategies that would minimize the negative consequences for different climate-change thresholds. Through the present time, only a few of these tasks have been addressed at a sufficient level of detail and key findings were presented in 2014 in the Seco ...
... (3) to develop effective national adaptation strategies that would minimize the negative consequences for different climate-change thresholds. Through the present time, only a few of these tasks have been addressed at a sufficient level of detail and key findings were presented in 2014 in the Seco ...
climate change, small island developing States
... H.E. T. Neroni Slade (Samoa on behalf of AOSIS) 12 November 1998, Buenos Aires, Argentina (COP 4) ...
... H.E. T. Neroni Slade (Samoa on behalf of AOSIS) 12 November 1998, Buenos Aires, Argentina (COP 4) ...
Topic 3: Economic Vulnerability under Climate Change
... reflect concentrations and corresponding emissions, but are not directly based on socio-economic storylines. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) Scenarios that include time series of emissions and concentrations of the full suite of greenhouse gases and aerosols and chemically active gases, ...
... reflect concentrations and corresponding emissions, but are not directly based on socio-economic storylines. Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) Scenarios that include time series of emissions and concentrations of the full suite of greenhouse gases and aerosols and chemically active gases, ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.